林耕國 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [līngēngguó]
林耕國
英文
ken-kuo lin-
They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem
本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同土地利用方式巖溶土壤肥力為重點，對不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找出巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控管理提供依據。It is the land division law that points to country and urban suburban district the regulation belongs to a country all land besides, include countryside, village and villager group all land, of the farmer curtilage base, plot of land for personal needs, remain mountain oneself, the farmer contracts it is a country except the regulation all farmland, forest land, meadow
是指農村和城市郊區的土地除法律規定屬于國家所有的之外的土地，包括鄉、村和村民組所有的土地，農民的宅基地、自留地、自留山，農民承包的除規定為國家所有的耕地、林地、草地等。Based on an analysis of the history and present status of the farmland - pastoral ecotone in the northern part of china, a new point of view was proposed in this paper for the construction of eco - environmental systems, namely, the industrial structure has to be modified so as to make a functional integration between different parts of the whole system : to give priority to a combination between cultivated grassland and in - shed feeding of domestic animals, and at the same time, to employ a new model of animal husbandry so that the degradated natural grassland can be recovered ; to develop a new type of processing industry for agricultural and forestal products so as to create a pluralistic enterprise structure ; to make a better use of water resources by taking advantages of the abundant resources of energy and minerals, and to restrain the expansion of industries of high environmental cost ; to employ techniques of integration management and restoration ecology, and to speed up the process of woodland and grassland recovery ; to make a thorough plan for arrangements of hills, waters, roads, farmlands, forests and pastures in order to gain an integration at landscape level
摘要在簡要分析中國北方農牧交錯帶形成歷史和現狀的基礎上，提出了北方地區生態環境建設必須從產業結構調整出發、進行系統功能整合的思路：把人工飼草業舍飼畜牧業擺在農牧交錯帶經濟發展的優先位置，推行新型畜牧業經營管理模式，促進天然草場改良復壯；發展「綠色」農林牧產品精細加工業，建立多元化產業結構；發揮能源和礦產資源優勢，合理利用水資源，限制以破壞環境為代價的產業的發展；推廣區域綜合治理與生態恢復技術，加大退耕還林還草的力度；山、水、路、農、林、牧統一規劃，實現生態系統在景觀水平上的整合。Faced with an increasing demand for wood and paper products along with diminishing forest resources, china imports timber from many countries, including russia, indonesia, south america, and central africa. these regions have significant problems such as illegal logging and forest crimes, loss of natural forest to agriculture and silviculture and loss of biodiversity
鑒于國內對木材和紙品的需求日益增加，森林資源卻逐漸減少，中國分別從俄羅斯印尼和中非等多個國家輸入木材，這些國家的非法伐木情況和森林罪行猖獗，而且天然森林遭改辟成耕地和造林地，以及生態多樣性銳減等問題均十分嚴峻。We have extended our research on rocky desertification, provided solid theoretical and technical basis for the control of rocky descrtification and established successful rehabilitation model with chinese characteristics such as integrated control of small drainage area, returning cultivated land to forestry and grass, production of both animal and grass, changing slope to terrance in order to prevent water loss and soil erosion, aiding the poor byway of environmental immigration and development and improving representative fragility ecology, etc
貴州對喀斯特石漠化生態環境進行了長期、持久的研究，為石漠化治理提供了堅實的理論基礎和有力的技術支撐，形成了具有中國特色的成功治理模式：包括小流域綜合治理模式，生態農業模式，退耕還林還草、林草結合的草、畜（禽）生產模式，草地畜教業模式，坡耕地防治水土流失的坡改梯模式，環境移民與開發式扶貧模式，典型脆弱生態環境綜合治理模式等。From the beginning of 1992 to the end of 1994, the pla conducted its first large - scale demining operation in the border areas of yunnan province and the guangxi zhuang autonomous region, cleared a total of over one million landmines and explosive devices and destroyed nearly 200 tons of disused or de - activated ammunitions and explosive devices, covering an area of 108 square kilometers with over 170 border trade passes and ports re - opened, and over 30, 000 hectares of farmland, pasture and mountain forests restored
1992年初至1994年底，中國軍隊在雲南省和廣西壯族自治區邊境地區，組織實施了第一次大規模掃雷行動，共排除各種地雷和爆炸物100多萬枚，銷毀廢舊彈藥及爆炸物品近200噸，完成掃雷面積108平方公里，打通邊貿通道、口岸170多個；恢復棄耕地、棄荒牧場和山林3萬多公頃。The research of soil degradation in pur country is mainly concentrated on the red earth hilly area in the south in the past, and is less on the loess plateau that is one of the most fragile areas. based on field experiment and laboratory analysis, discuses the degradation mechanism, and raises the methods of refreshing and reestablishing land productivity of huangshan soil in chunhua county of shaanxi. in the hope of serving development of western regions and ecological environment construction that concede the land to forestry ( the grass )
我國以前對土壤退化問題的研究主要集中於南方紅壤丘陵區，對生態環境最脆弱的黃土高原地區的土壤退化研究相對較少，故本文以黃土高原地區陜西淳化縣的侵蝕性黃?土為對象，通過野外人工模擬降雨試驗和室內分析相結合的方法，探討了侵蝕性黃?土的退化機理，提出了恢復和重建黃?土土地生產力的途徑和方法，以期服務于西部大開發和退耕還林（草）的生態環境建設。It also is called great pioneering work of copy green. after invention, it has attracted much attentions from government officers, scientists, and press circles. they included : mao rubai, president of ningxia hui autonomous district ; ren qixing, head of ningxia cppc ; zhou shengxian, president of nation forestry bureau and xu yuexian, subdecanal of china agriculture science academy ; liu zhong, vice chairmen of the autonomous region and officers of nstc ningxia science and technique committee and of the yinchuan government
過去由於糧食不夠，把山上的樹都砍掉，種上糧食現在我們糧食已經富餘，完全可以無償向農民提供糧食，讓他們把山上種的糧田退出來，種上樹，或者種草，也就是退耕還林退耕還草退耕還湖，使西部地區有一個非常好的美麗的生態環境，有一個能吸引外國投資的好環境。Before the forum was held, a group led by dr. wayne lindwall, director general, environmental health national science program, agriculture and agri - food canada, took a tour in shanxi, henan and hebei to inspect the experimentation, demonstration and extension of conservation agriculture. after the visits, the delegation spoke very highly of the achievements made by china in the development of conservation agriculture in a short span of just a few years, and expressed the confidence for development in the future
論壇之前，中加雙方安排以加拿大農業與農業食品部環境健康司林德旺司長為團長的考察團到山西河南河北考察保護性耕作的試驗示範與推廣工作，考察團對中國在短短幾年內發展保護性耕示範推廣試驗研究及機具研發等方面所取得的成績給予了高度評價，並對今後的發展與合作充滿信心。Beginning from 1999, the chinese government initiated a massive conservation set - aside program called " grain for green program " to reduce soil erosion and improve eco - environmental status in western china through the retirement of sloped agricultural lands and conversion to forest arid pasture
摘要1999年我國政府啟動了「退耕還林」這一世界最大的生態保護工程，旨在改善生態環境，控制水土流失，調整農業產業結構，促進農村經濟的持續發展。At present, china tilts its priority of national economic development towards the mid - western areas, the development of sericulture there not only promotes economy and farmers income, but also greens barren hills and improves ecological environment, thus making it a part of the strategy of “ rebuilding the vast northwest with charming landscapes ” and “ returning farmlands to forests and grasslands ”
當前國家經濟的發展重點向中西部地區傾斜，在西部地區發展蠶桑產業，既可促進經濟發展，增加農民收入，又可綠化荒山，改善生態環境，可將其作為「退耕還林還草」和「再造一個山川秀美大西北」戰略的一個組成部分。National policy of returning farmland to forest and grassland
什麼是國家的退耕還林還草政策As the one of six forestry projects, the conversion of cropland to forest is one of important contents during the development of the western region, and it refer to chang the unresonablel manner of land using, reduce water loss and soil erosion, improve the ecological environment, and achieve sustainable developing
退耕還林（草）工程是我國六大林業工程之一，也是我國西部大開發的重要內容，是改變不合理的土地利用方式、減少水土流失、改善生態環境、實現可持續發展的根本舉措。Adopting the actual county - grade database of land use firstly founded in china, combining with the comprehensive influential factors of land use change, using the correlative statistic software and the mathematic analytical methods ( principal component analysis, gray relating analysis, multivariate time series markov chain analysis, multivariate regression analysis, gm ( 1, 1 ) gray model, gray series gm ( 1, n ) model methods etc ), this paper analyses the dynamic change of land use and driving force in jiang ' an county qualitatively and quantitatively. the results indicate : 1 the land resource per capita and the area of single - land - use type in jiang ' an county are not prior to other places in yibing city or sichuan province. however, the terrain is dominant in choosing the way of land use
本文採用全國首批建立的「縣級土地利用現狀數據庫」的基礎數據，結合影響土地利用變化的經濟、社會、環境等綜合因素，採用相關分析軟體（ dps 、 spss ）和數學分析方法（主成分分析、灰色關聯度分析、多元回歸分析、多元時空序列馬爾柯夫鏈分析、 gm （ 1 ， 1 ）預測模型分析、灰色序列gm （ 1 ， n ）模型分析等方法） ，對江安縣土地利用變化及其驅動力進行定性、定量研究，研究結果表明： 1江安縣人均總的土地資源數量和單一土地利用類型的數量在宜賓或四川省區域內均無優勢；地形對土地利用方式的選擇起著主導作用；土地利用變化的總趨勢是：耕地、林地、交通用地和水域面積不斷減少，居民點及工礦用地和未利用地面積不斷增加；景觀多樣性指數呈現「 」趨勢。The second part give an all - around demonstration on eco - economic backgrounds of hilly gullied loess region and concluded that small watersheds are dominant landscape units that enable them to be basic for regional management and development. ecological and economic strategies for regional development are also put forward : soil and water conservation to improve ecological environment should be first - line task the region shoulders in the new century. " grain for green " policy provides chances of accelerating development for the region
第二部分綜合闡述了黃土高原丘陵溝壑區的生態經濟背景，指出：小流域為黃土丘陵溝壑區的優勢景觀單元，是區域治理與發展的基本單元：並提出區域治理與開發的生態與生產定位：區域應以水土保持、改善生態環境為新世紀的主要戰略任務，國家的退耕還林草政策為區域加大環境治理提供了新的契機；在生態環境明顯改善的基礎上實現糧食自給，實行農牧結合，重點發展畜牧業，有選擇的發展經濟林果業。In part one, the general of reclamation of arable land for reforestation : basing on resulting lots of data, author referred to many measures taken by america and china in the reclamation of arable land for reforestation and took the comparison, which concluded the following : china does not take the ways that the developed countries firstly destroyed before protection ; carrying out the reclamation of arable land for reforestation step and step is the important step which improves the reasonlesss utilization of land ; because of the weak economic base in the reclamation of arable land for reforestation of china and the low rate of labor, we should enlarge the content of science and technology, improve per yield of the remaining cultivated land and solve the self - sufficiency of grain, meanwhile the government should strengthen the transfer of remaining labor, adjust the industrial construction and lead the construction of small cities and towns ; the implement of reclamation of arable land for reforestation does not leave the support of the government ; we should carry out the reclamation of arable land for reforestation according to law ; the reclamation of arable land for reforestation does not be seen the effort in the short time, we should insist in a long time. which can have the result
本論文共分八個部分：第一部分退耕還林概況：筆者在查閱大量資料的基礎上，參閱美國與中國的退耕還林過程中所採取的各項措施並進行比較，得出了以下結論：中國不能重走發達國家先破壞后保護的道路；有計劃、有步驟地實施退耕還林是改善不合理土地利用現象的有力舉措；中國退耕還林經濟基礎較為薄弱，農業勞動生產率低，退耕還林后，必須加大科技含量，提高剩餘耕地的單產，解決糧食自給問題，同時，政府應加強剩餘勞動力轉移，產業結構調整及小城鎮建設的引導；退耕還林的實施仍離不開政府的扶持；依法退耕還林；退耕還林不是在短期內能見到效果的，長期堅持必有成效。該部分最後論述了目前國內退耕還林工程政策、管理方面的現狀及其存在哪些問題尚待改進或繼續深入研究，並需要進一步完善。第二部分退耕還林背景分析：針對我國目前生態環境建設中的退耕還林工程，就其產生的根源從社會經濟背景、生態環境背景及西部大開發三個角度進行了全面、系統的分析。The protection and construction of prairie faces serious problem in our country in the long time because of the following factors, such as nature and human etc. “ returning grazing - growing project ” is one of the important strategic measurements on ecology construction after “ revering farmland to forest ” project, which is very important for the protection and improvement of prairie ecology environment and make the sustained development for prairie husbandry
長期以來，由於受自然和人為等多方面因素的影響，我國草原生態保護和恢復面臨著非常嚴峻的形勢。 「退牧還草」工程是繼「退耕還林」工程之後，國家在生態建設方面出臺的又一重大戰略舉措，對保護和改善草地生態環境，促進草原畜牧業可持續發展具有十分重大的意義。This explosive growth has led to removal of forests in much of the country, and excessive use of existing farmland
人口激增已導致了該國許多地方森林的消失及對現存農田過度耕作。Key ecological projects undertaken to prevent and control pollution in the basins of the huai river, tai lake and other major rivers and lakes, protect virgin forests, return farmland to forests or grassland, and prevent and control desertification
去年投入國債資金億元，主要用於淮河太湖等重點流域污染防治和天然林保護退耕還林還草防沙治沙等重點生態工程。One national program called for farmers to hand over land for reforestation in exchange for annual payments
有個「退耕還林」的國家政策，許諾只要農民退還土地造林，就能每年給以補助。分享友人