核外基因 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [héwàijīyīn]
核外基因
英文
cytoplasmon-
Compared to the prokaryotic gene expressing systems and mammalian gene expressing systems, insect gene expressing systems possess the stronger ability of the transcription and post - translation processing, which also has high production. we can anticipate it will be a kind of potent effective ectogenesis eukaryotic gene expressing system
與原核表達系統和哺乳動物細胞表達系統比較，昆蟲細胞表達系統既有較強轉錄和翻譯后加工修飾能力，又有高表達量等特點，可望成為基因產業中一種比較理想的外源真核基因表達系統。In this paper, first strand cdna of 3abc gene was synthesized using template rna extracted from cells infected with fmdv. the complete 3abc gene about isoobp was amplified by pcr and ligated into pgem - t easy vector. after transforming e. coli dh5 a, ampicillin resistant colonies were isolated and plasmid dna was prepared and analyzed by restriction analysis and pcr. presence of the full length 3abc gene was verified by nucleotide sequence analysis and the plasmid containing the expected sequence was named as pgem - 3abc. comparing the aquired sequence of 3abc with that of reference strains, the homology is more than 99 percent. the pgem - 3abc was digested with sal i and bgl ii and ligated into xho i and bgl ii - digested expression vector ptriex - 4 neo. lt was identified by restriction analysis and pcr and sequencing that this fragment had a 17bp deletion hi the nucleotide sequence 708bp of 3abc gene, which happened to form a terminator codon behind 3ab gene, but it contained the complete open reading frame ( orf ) of 3ab gene. positive clones were selected and induced with lmmol / l isopropyl - d - galactoside ( iptg ), bacteria were detected by sds - page and western blotting after properly treated. the results showed that the 3ab gene expressed successfully in e. coli and 33. 5ku fusion protein can be recognized by the positive bovine serum of fmdv. the amount of target protein is over 26 % of the total bacteria protein by gel thin layer scanning analysis
擴增產物連接到pgem - teasy載體中，轉化大腸桿菌dh5菌株，篩選氨芐青霉素抗性菌落，提取質粒經酶切鑒定、 pcr分析以及確證性測序證明，所克隆的1500bp左右的片段含有完整的3abc基因，與國外參考序列相比，同源性在99以上。將重組質粒pgem - 3abc和表達載體ptriex - 4neo分別用sal和bgl與xho和bgl消化后，亞克隆3abc基因至原核表達載體ptriex - 4neo中，通過酶切鑒定、 pcr擴增以及序列分析，發現克隆到ptriex - 4neo載體上的片段於3abc基因708bp處出現了17bp的缺失，碰巧在3ab基因后形成一終止密碼子，但3ab基因的閱讀框架完整，選出含有3ab基因完整閱讀框架的陽性克隆，用iptg誘導表達，收集菌液進行sds - page電泳、 westernblotting分析，結果表明， 3ab基因在大腸桿菌中成功表達，其表達產物為分子量33 . 5ku的融合蛋白，並能被口蹄疫病毒陽性血清識別。經薄層掃描分析，表達量占總蛋白量的26以上。Tsarg2 with 1 233 bp length was composed of 6 exons and spaned about 115 kb of genomic dna, the putative protein encoded by this gene was 305 amino acid with a theoretical mass of 34 751 and with no significant homology with any known protein in databases. a kind of nucleoprotein was the most impossible
Tsarg2基因的cdna全長為1233bp ，包含6個外顯子，基因組跨越115kb ，編碼由305個氨基酸組成的、分子量為34751的蛋白質，與已知蛋白質無明顯同源性，其最大可能是一種核蛋白。The seven sisters that dr de grey wishes to slaughter with sens are cell loss, apoptosis - resistance ( the tendency of cells to refuse to die when they are supposed to ), gene mutations in the cell nucleus, gene mutations in the mitochondria ( the cell ' s power - packs ), the accumulation of junk inside cells, the accumulation of junk outside cells and the accumulation of inappropriate chemical links in the material that supports cells
德?戈瑞博士想用這一策略對付的七個因素是：細胞丟失，細胞凋亡阻抑（細胞拒絕程序死亡的傾向） ，細胞核內的基因突變，線粒體（細胞的「動力倉」 ）中的基因突變，細胞內的垃圾堆積，細胞外的垃圾堆積和細胞支持性物質中不當化學鍵堆積。Given the occurrence of split genes, it might be re - defined as the set of dna sequences ( exons ) that are required to produce a single polypeptide
對分離的基因來說，它可被定義成一組需要用來產生蛋白質的脫氧核糖核酸序列，即外子。When using the nuclear acid sequence and the predicted amino acid sequence of scghr to blast the fugu genome, we found that there were two contigs which shared the most similarity with scghr. therefore we realized there maybe were two ghrs encoded by different genes in teleosts. then, by means of nuclear acid sequence joining, orf of fghr1 and fghr2 were predicted from fugu genomic sequences using cohoghr isf1, cohoghr isf2, chghr and other related ghr amino acid sequence available at ncbi database
當利用南方鯰ghr的核苷酸、氨基酸序列blast東方?的基因組時，發現有兩個contig與其氨基酸序列非常相似，因此意識到魚類可能存在兩種不同基因編碼的ghr 。隨後主要利用已經克隆得到的cohoghrisf1 、 cohoghrisf2 、 chghr以及其他魚類ghr核苷酸和氨基酸序列blast東方純的基因組，採用序列拼接的方法從東方?基因組中分離出兩種不同基因編碼的fghr1和fghr2 （本研究把和傳統ghr相似的叫做ghr1 ，把另外一種叫做ghr2 ） 。Meanwhile, these six coat protein genes were sequenced and compared with other homologous sequences in genbank. the strain designation of the six isolates of tumv was finally determined. the results are as the following : 1. six isolates of turnip mosaic virus named tumv - sd1, tumv - sd2, tumv - sd3, tumv - sd4, tumv - sd5 and tumv - sd6 were respectively acquired from infected chinese cabbages and radishes in 3 cities ( taian, yantai and zaozhuang ) of shandong province
利用rt - pcr方法克隆了tumv山東分離物的外殼蛋白（ cp ）基因，測定了它們的核苷酸序列、並將其與已報道的序列進行同源性比較和分析，最終確定了其歸屬地位，具體研究結果如下： 1 .從山東省3地市感病的白菜和蘿卜上分離到蕪菁花葉病毒的6個分離物，分別命名為tumv - sd1 、 tumv - sd2 、 tumv - sd3 、 tumv - sd4 、 tumv - sd5和tumv - sd6 。The research adopts that hu - - ifn gene were introduced into the nuclei of oocytes or cytoplasm of grass carp to develop anti - disease transgenic grass carp breeding researches, combing the adva ntag e of hu - - ifn gene and breeding by genetic engineering, with an aim of finding out an effective way of solving antivirus of hemorrhagic virus of carp completely. in research of transgenic fish, hu - - ifn gene ( recombination gene ) is cutdown and introduced into the nuclei of oocytes or cytoplasm of grass carp at one - cell or two - cell stage via micyoinjection by narashige micyoinjection apparatus
本研究的目的在於以人的-干擾素基因（ ifn - ）作為目的基因，與鯉魚-肌動蛋白基因啟動子在體外重組，利用原核顯微注射轉基因技術將人-干擾素基因導入草魚基因組而開展的抗病轉基因草魚育種研究，其結合了干擾素和基因工程育種抗草魚出血病病毒的優點，以期獲得對草魚出血病具有天然抗性的轉基因魚，並在此基礎上培育出草魚抗病新品系。The donkey - adapted strain of eiav ( dv116 ), parental strain of eiav - dla, is a highly virulent isolate which was developed by sequential passaging a virulent eiav strain in donkeys in 1970s. the donkeys inoculated with fatal doses of eiav d strain can always be killed within in the first acute disease period. in this study, we constructed a full - length provirus dna clone of dv116 by pcr
本實驗中將eiav驢強毒dv體外感染驢白細胞培養物，一定時間后收獲病毒（本文中簡稱dv116 ） ，提取eiav前病毒dna ，以pcr法分別擴增並克隆了包含全長基因的三段前病毒dna片段，以雙脫氧法測定了dv116病毒全基因序列共8236個核苷酸。So must use information theory method depict and abundant the genetic diversity index system. in addition to, the introduce of molecule biology technology and the research of nucleotide sequence evolutive give a new method for population genetic, so must do deeply research about the analysis method of dna sequence data = the research main about the follows : there are three parts about the information model of population genetic : one about the shannon information entropy property of equilibrium population and the entropy change in the process of establish equilibrium ; another research is about the diversity measure - ment of genetic variation ; lastly, research the shannon information measurement about the disequilibrium gene variation. the result is : 1 to a definite gene distribution, the genotype entropy reach the maximum at the equilibrium population, the process of population from disequilibrium to equilibrium, the entropy get large and large
此外，分子生物技術的介入及核苷酸序列進化的研究都為群體遺傳學的深入研究提供了新的途徑，但關于dna序列數據的分析方法需要作進一步的研究。本研究主要體現在以下幾個方面： （一）關于群體遺傳學的信息論模型研究，主要分為三部分內容：一是群體平衡的shannon信息熵的性質和群體平衡建立的熵變性質；二是群體遺傳多樣性測度的研究；三是非平衡群體的基因變異測量shannon信息量的方法研究。得到了如下結論： 1 、平衡群體的shannon信息熵最大，群體平衡的過程是熵的增大過程。With the base of related research on nucleic acid immunization, the technology was used to develop th e research and application of cpti transgenic plant. a new antibody preparation method by nucleic acid immunization to assay the expression of the transgenic gene was explored and compared with the traditional one which immune animal by protein
在國內外大量核酸免疫的研究基礎上，本研究首次將核酸免疫技術應用於轉基因植物檢測研究中，探討一種核酸免疫法制備抗cpti抗體來檢測基因表達的方法，並與傳統的蛋白免疫方式制備抗體進行比較。Hla - g1, which is a newly defined non - classical hla class i molecule, plays an important role in mediating immunotolerance and protecting embryo and even some kinds of tumors from nk cells attacking. the full - length coding sequences containing cdna of hla - g1 were cloned from placenta, monocytes and liver cancer tissue of chinese donors. sequence analysis reveals that it is a highly conserved human gene with only two amino acid mutation sites compared to foreign nationality. its truncated form was overexpressed in
從中國人外周血單個核細胞胎盤組織和肝癌組織等樣品中克隆了包含完整hla - g1讀框的cdna與國外同行獲得的該基因及其蛋白質序列比較分析表明，該基因雖然有著細微的種族特異性，但高度保守並獲得了它的截斷型重組蛋白，根據蛋白一級結構和同源比較方法，模建了它及其與特異性受體kir2dl4形成復合體的空間結構模擬，預測了它們之間相互作用的特徵。Thus, immunologists have sought smaller molecules with the antigen - recognition capability of antibodies. the variable domains of the heavy ( h ) and light ( l ) chains are sufficient for antigen recognition but the non - covalent complex of the two variable domains ( fv ) is unstable. it is possible to genetically engineer a single - chain fv ( scfv ) with the h chain v region connected to the l chain v region via a 15 amino acid linker composed of serine and glycine amino acid residues
二、日本血吸蟲單克隆杭獨特型抗體np30的單鏈狐（ scf ）的構建、表達及對balbic小鼠誘導保護性作用研究l 、日本血吸蟲單克隆杭獨特型抗體np0的單鏈抗體歸cfv ）的構建、表達通過pcr方法體外擴增並經測序驗證的重鏈、輕鏈可變區（ vh 、 vl ）基因先後重組入原核表達質粒ptha90相應的位點上，中間通過一連接肽（ gly在er ） 。In comparison with genbank data, the homologies of the nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequence were as following : hc was 98. 4 % and 100 % ; ha was 97. 2 % and 99. 3 % respectively. 4. two recombinant prokaryotic expression vector were constructed which has complete open reading occlusing initation codon, leader signal peptide sequence and termination codon
序列分析表明，所克隆獲得的基因與genbank中已經登錄的核苷酸和氨基酸的同源性分別為： hc98 . 4和100 ， ha97 . 2和99 . 3 ，證明本試驗蟲株與國外報道的同源性很高。Intron a noncoding dna sequence that occurs between coding sequences ( exons ) in many eukaryote genes
內含子：是大多數真核生物基因中位於編碼序列（外顯子）之間的不編碼的dna序列。Inherited genetic variation has a critical but as yet largely uncharacterized role in human disease. here we report a public database of common variation in the human genome : more than one million single nucleotide polymorphisms snps for which accurate and complete genotypes have been obtained in 269 dna samples from four populations, including ten 500 - kilobase regions in which essentially all information about common dna variation has been extracted
我們現在發表一個人類基因組常見遺傳變異的公開資料庫：這是一個對來自四個群體269個樣品內的一百萬個單核苷酸多態性（ snps ）進行了完整並準確的分析的研究成果；另外也確認了十個dna片段（每個片段含有五十萬個堿基）的所有常見遺傳變異資訊。The nucleotide ( nt ) sequence of the insert in phz1754 is 2299bps in size. computer assisted analysis of the sequence revealed an open reading frame ( orf ) with a g + c content of 70. 3 % that would encode a protein of 552 amino acids ( aa ). the nt seque nce comparision revealed that the orf in the sequenced region exhibits 85 % dna sequence homology with the cholesterol oxidase gene choa of streptomyces sp
對phz1754進行外切核酸酶（ exonuclease ， exo ）順序缺失，獲得單向長度漸減重疊的系列突變體，核苷酸序列測定顯示出該ecor - sal片段的精確大小為2299bps ， frameplot程序分析揭示出該區域一個完整的開放閱讀框（ orf ）的存在，其大小為1656bps ， g + c含量為70 . 3 ，編碼552個氨基酸，利用blastsearch程序將orf的核苷酸序列及推導的氨基酸序列與因特網上基因及蛋白質數據庫進行綜合比較，發現無論在核苷酸水平還是在蛋白水平上，該orf均與膽固醇氧化酶表現出同源性，而且與鏈黴菌膽固醇氧化酶同源性最高，說明該orf編碼膽固醇氧化酶基因。A general stack equation of mobile robot based on analyzing the motion of planar motion object and the mathematical models of four different kinds of common wheels is developed, accordingly, the mobility of mobile robot is addressed and the forward and inverse solutions to speed for specific configuration driven by differential speed are derived. utilizing the muir and newman convention, the description of the posture transformation matrices between different coordinate frames and the solution for the speed of point located on these frames are introduced. according to posture estimation, a more accurate method, dead reckoning algorithm, is developed for a specified configuration characterized by differential speed motorization, and simulations of this algorithm and other traditional methods are carried out using matlab while traversing a circular path
本文對兩輪差速驅動移動機器人的運動學及其本體緩沖設計進行了探討，在對平面運動物體運動分析的基礎上結合四種常用車輪的數學模型，推導出了一個通用的移動機器人堆積方程，在此基礎上分析了移動機器人的移動能力、並針對兩輪差速構型推導了速度正解與逆解；使用muir和newman的運動學建模方法，推導了移動機器人上點及連桿坐標系位姿、速度變換關系矩陣及求解方法；在移動機器人位姿識別方法中結合差速驅動構型對航位推演算法進行了分析：推導了一種理論精度較高的航位推算演算法，並使用matlab對其與傳統的推算演算法在跟蹤圓弧軌跡情況下進行了模擬；最後針對本文所研究的機器人給出了一種比較系統、可靠的緩沖結構設計思路，較好地解決了移動機器人作業過程中外界因素及本身設計中引入的各種不確定誤差問題；本論文研究成果已在本實驗室所開發的樣機上得到實現，經過應用與考核證明其中的分析與設計是切實可行的。Objective : construct high - level expression system of echistatin in e. coli methods : obtain amino - acid sequence of echistatin from genebank database. considering the bias of usage of 61 available aminoacid codons in e. coli, design the coding sequence of echistatin, synthesize the dna sequence chemically, get single copy coding gene and repeated two copy coding gene of echistatin. insert the sequence into expression vector pbv220, and more, we construct fusion expression clone of echistatin with pcr, identify the recombinant vector by dna sequencing
目的構建蛇毒鋸鱗蝰素（ echistatin ）的原核高效表達體系方法由genebank數據庫檢索蛇毒鋸鱗蝰素（ echistatin ）的氨基酸序列，結合大腸桿菌蛋白質合成體系對氨基酸密碼子使用的偏愛性，設計了echistatin編碼基因，體外人工合成編碼基因dna片段，通過適當的限制性內切酶位點插入表達載體pbv220 ，分別構建了echistatin的單拷貝表達克隆、雙拷貝串聯表達克隆；進一步通過pcr技術構建echistatin的融合表達基因克隆。The mechanism is that the introduced complementary oligonucleotides can bind to the corresponding mrna or double - stranded dna in genome and form partial double - stranded molecules or triple - stranded nucleic acid molecules by sequence - specific and nonsequence - specific antisense action, thus the target gene will be orientationally blocked and expression of the target inhibited so that therapeutic effect could be attained. in this study, we designed a fragment of human c ii ta cdna in antisense orientation using mrna of c ii ta as template. the primers were designed based on 94 - 500 nucleotides segment in 5 " end of ciita gene so that the interested gene contained 407 base pairs which included two aug codons in 1 16 and 188 nucleotides as well as the splicing site between the first and the second exons
本研究設計以c tamrna為模板的反義cdna片段，從c ta基因5 』端第94位到500位核苷酸段設計引物，目的片段407bp ，覆蓋第116和188位兩個aug密碼子，也包含了第一外顯子和第二外顯子間的剪接位點：用常規分子生物學方法構建了反義片段的腺病毒表達載體（ padeasy - 1系統） ；腺病毒載體經hek293細胞包裝產生含反義片段的重組腺病毒，用氯化銫密度梯度離心法獲得純化的高滴度腺病毒；進行體外基因轉移，分別用反義片段真核表達載體轉染p388d1細胞和用重組腺病毒感染hela細胞，觀察導入的c ta基因反義rna抑制細胞內組成型或誘導型c ta基因表達的作用，從而達到調控mhc -類分子表達的目的。分享友人