概算造價 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [gàisuànzàojià]
概算造價 英文
approximately-estimated cost
  • 概 : Ⅰ名詞1 （大略） general outline 2 （神氣） manner of carrying and conducting oneself; deportment ...
  • 算 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算數目） calculate; reckon; compute; figure 2 （計算進去） include; count 3 （謀劃;計...
  • 造 : Ⅰ動詞1 （做; 製作） make; build; create; produce 2 （假編） cook up; fabricate; concoct 3 [書面語...
  • 價 : 名詞1. （價格） price 2. （價值） value 3. [化學] （化合價） valence
  • 概算 : financial estimates; budgetary estimate; approximate amount; rough calculation; general estimate...
  • 造價 : cost of construction; cost of building; cost of manufacture
  1. ( 3 ) the paper firstly brings forward the concepts of concealed fragment, apparent fragment. it also advances two fragment generation methods : facet equivalence method and facet set enclosing method, and realizes three practical algorithms : the first one is to make a virtual entity particulate, the second is facet equivalence algorithm, the last is seed facet set enclosing algorithm. the paper analyzes and compares the last two methods and related algorithms, researches on applying the two methods to the break process of a virtual entity

    （ 3 ）在深入探討爆炸模型的構造和實時顯示的基礎上，提出了隱式破片、顯式破片的最新概念和兩種生成破片的方法：小面片等價法和面片集封閉法，並給出了三個實用的演算法：虛擬實體的微粒化演算法、小面片等價演算法和面片集封閉演算法，並對小面片等價法和面片集封閉法及其演算法進行了比較。
  2. The content of this paper is arranged as foll owing : chapter 1 introduces the concept of credit, credit risk and credit assessment, as well as the history and development of credit assessment ; chapter 2 introduces the history of ai technology, and the background of expert system and neural network. characters and disadvantages of expert system and neural network are presented respectively and the necessity of combining expert system and neural network is lightened ; chapter 3 shows the process of dealing with sample data, including the treatment of exceptional data and factor analysis, and puts forward the concrete framework of the mixed - expert credit assessment system ; chapter 4 introduces concept of object - oriented technology, and constructs object model and functional model after analyzing the whole system. it also illustrates the implementation of concrete classes by an example of rule class and the inference algorithm in the form of pseudocode ; chapter 5 introduces the structure of the whole system, the major functional models and their interfaces, and the characteristic of the system is also generalized ; chapter 6 summarizes the whole work, and points out the remaining deficiencies as well as the prospective of this method

    本文具體內容安排如下：第一章介紹了信用、信用風險、信用評價的概念，回顧了信用評價的歷史、發展和現狀，並綜合各種信用評價模型，指出這些模型各自的優缺點：第二章簡單描述了人工智慧技術，著重介紹有關專家系統與神經網路的基礎知識，通過總結它們的優缺點，指出結合專家系統與神經網路構造混合型專家系統的必要性；本章還介紹了神經網路子模塊的概念，提出了混合型專家系統的一般框架與設計步驟：第三章對樣本數據進行處理，包括異常數據的剔除、因子分析等，提出了信用評價混合型專家系統的具體框架結構，介紹了系統知識庫的主要部分、基於優先級的正向推理機制的流程、以及基於事實的自動解釋機制的具體實現方法；第四章介紹了面向對象技術，進而採用面向對象對信用評價系統進行分析，建立了對象模型和功能模型，並在此基礎上，採用c + +語言以規則類為例說明系統中具體類的實現，用偽代碼的形式描述了推理的演算法；第五章描述了整個系統的結構，對系統主要功能模塊和界面進行了介紹，並總結系統的特點；第六章總結了全文，指出本文所構造系統存在的不足以及對將來的展望。
  3. Centering on this theme, this paper lays out its discussion in the following five aspects ; 1. the raising of the value chain concept in this part of the paper, combining historical sight with the reality of the then usa, analysis is made on the background for the raising of the value chain concept. in the so - called most developed free market economy country usa, enterprises were subjected to the strict control of the government

    為了使圍繞價值鏈的構造和其構造的戰略基礎研究的目的和目標更加明確，有必要或應當將另一積極活躍的價值管理領域的理論和方法融入價值鏈的建構研究之中，為此本文特辟專章簡述了該領域的經濟增加值（即eva ）的概念以及它的會計和財務的簡明計算方法: eva =稅后凈經營利潤-佔用資本資本成本率、期望的未來eva的現值= npv 。
  4. Editor - in - chief : rule for making water works budget jiangshu province ( edition in 2000 ) ; 2 ) editor - in - chief : auditing report for a key project - diverting cleaning water by qiangwei river ( first step ) ; 3 ) editor - participated : budget norm form water works construction and installation ( edition in 1999 ) ; 4 ) business consultation and management for water works budget

    主編江蘇省水利基本建設工程設計概算編制規定（ 2000年修訂本） ； 2 ） 、主寫省重點水利工程（薔薇河送清水一期工程）審計報告； 3 ） 、參編江蘇省水利建築、安裝工程預算定額（ 1999年修訂本） ； 4 ） 、全省水利工程造價管理業務咨詢。
  5. Currently, many problems are as follows : some people and engineers sometimes confuse or mistake so many conceptions and meanings of the price of construction product as to lead to troubles ; the cost of the construction product in the construction - auction - bid cannot be ascertained definitely ; the method of shop - drawing budget which is based on budget - ration cannot form effective market competition and market price of construction product. the management system of construction cost is not perfect

    目前建築產品價格及價格形成中存在以下問題：有關主管部門和少數工程人員有時混淆建築產品價格相關概念及其內涵，產生諸多誤解，以致造成工作上的摩擦；對建築工程招標投標中建築產品成本內涵界定不清晰；以預算定額為依據的施工圖預算方式難以形成有效的市場競爭以及形成建築產品的市場價格；當前未能形成完善的工程造價管理體制。
  6. In reverse, it causes much debt and make themselves go into trouble in this article, with discussion on the whole course of the technical reformation project to cn cutters made by harbin nol tool works, from setting up the project, introduction of the enterprise status, the marketing forecast to the investment evaluation and financial analysis. it introduces these problems in details from all aspect. applying financial ration analyzing theory, enterprise strategy management theory enables the quantitative evaluation of the enterprise present situation

    本文詳細敘述了哈爾濱第一工具廠數控刀具技術改造項目實施的全過程，從項目立項，企業概況介紹，市場預測一直到投資估算及財務分析評價，從多方面多角度介紹項目改造過程中應考慮的問題，運用了財務比率分析理論和企業戰略管理理論，對該企業的現狀進行了定性分析及定量評價，並提出了解決問題的方法和相關對策。
  7. We believe interior decoration is a combination of commercial value and style. cdc is equally dedicated to achieving the international standard of quality. the secret of cdc ' s success has always been its work force and the calibre of our staffs. the unique blend of local expertise and hongkong style management ensures that cdc completes all its projects through out china to schedule, within budget and recognised to be the highest standard

    我們相信建築裝飾是一種集合靈性，美感與商業效能的藝術.每一個成功的項目，均須在整個設計施工過程中貫徹以上的理念，尋求達到微秒的互相平衡，才算是真正藝術表現.在現今強調規劃及工程成本控制之意念下，更顯出設計概念及施工管理是工程成功的關鍵.我們認為優良的設計，不一定等於龐大的造價開支，一個有計劃的工程，應能預先認定可能發生的難題而在規劃時將其盡量避免及提供解決方法，當能順利地達到難度與預算的指標時也同時達到優美的藝術氣質，在當地能得到一定的認同
  8. The relation of human capital property right with mass capital property right is studied and a method is given to calculate the human capital property right stocks. let ' s take the example of xi ' an vehicle factory. a set of efficient incentive combinations is proposed which is centered with human capital property right connecting the factor ' s real fact of reform on the basis of analyzing its management structure and the operator ' s incentive mechanism

    通過對人力資本產權概念、結構、特徵的論述，將經營者效用函數用於分析人力資本定價模型，並在此基礎上，研究了人力資本產權與物質資本產權的關系，給出了經營者人力資本股計算方法；並以西安車輛廠為例，在剖析其法人治理結構、經營者激勵機制問題的基礎上，結合西安車輛廠改制的實際情況，構造了基於人力資本產權化的經營者激勵方案。
  9. In order to improve the agility of integration system, this paper analysis the fault effect of heterogeneous data flow in the integration system ; design the integration mode of agile system ; the evaluation is done base on the integration mode ; the gateway system technology is proposed to integrate the heterogeneous system ; also this paper carries out the concept of gateway system, the topology of gateway system, the data filter protocol in the gateway system, the data filter protocol algorithm, the data flux in the gateway system and the work capability of gateway system.

    本文以提高系統敏捷性為目標，在大規模、復雜、動態進化系統環境下，考慮了大量需要交互的數據的異構性對敏捷系統性能造成的不良影響，設計了敏捷系統集成模型，並且對這個模型作了評價。在集成異構系統時採用的關鍵技術是網關系統技術，本文詳細討論了網關系統的概念，網關系統的網路拓撲結構，數據過濾協議，數據過濾演算法，網關系統中網關節點中的數據流量及網關系統的工作能力，有利於保證集成子系統服務質量的要求，在一定程度上解決了上述單節點網關存在的缺點。
  10. During the practical course of the control of fabrication cost for the western section of wuqi road, jianghan oilfield, the budget center of jianghan oilfield has popularized the fabrication cost mode by bill and probed into the entire process control of fabrication cost, has acquired rich experiences

    江漢油田概預算中心在江漢油田五七大道西段工程項目造價控制中，推行工程量清單計價模式，探索全過程造價管理，積累了較豐富的經驗。
  11. To properly make projects appraisal, staged investments analysis & intangible assets pricing involved in investments under uncertainty, this thesis, based on the real options thinking, sets up the notion models employing the decision - making tree analysis and the mathematical models by relative comparison and cash - flow analysis. cases are also included in the analyzing process. the main results are as the following

    本論文以實物期權思想為基礎，針對不確定性投資決策過程中的項目評價、階段性預算分析和無形資產定價三類問題，運用決策樹分析方法構造概念模型，綜合相對比較法和現金流分析構造數學模型，並結合算例進行評價分析，主要取得如下研究結果： 1
  12. The development and progress in the theory and practice of wpcm for international and domestic engineering projects are comprehensively summarized as well. the technique of wpcm for engineering projects is analyzed. an essential model for the technique of the activity and process - based cost management is proposed by using the principles of the activity - based costing and management

    本文首先全面闡述了工程項目全過程造價管理的概念、最新發展、研究現狀與學科前沿，同時對國際、國內工程項目全過程造價管理的理論與實踐的發展變化進行全面的總結和概括，提出了工程項目全過程造價管理中的問題，全面分析了工程項目全過程造價管理方法的技術方法，運用基於活動的造價（成本）核算原理和基於活動的管理原理建立了工程項目與全過程造價管理技術方法的基本模型。
  13. In this thesis, the default rate can be inferred by using the historical data of bank risk division, the data of cost of funds can be got by using the funds transfer pricing, and use the activity - based costing to calculate the operation cost. all of these works are useful to the research on the loan pricing in the liberalization of interest rate

    本文通過銀行貸款五級分類歷史數據推導出銀行的違約概率，通過構造銀行內部資金轉移價格曲線確定資金成本，利用作業成本法進行貸款成本核算，為利率市場化趨勢下我國商業銀行的貸款定價做了一定的研究工作。
  14. Abstract : the history of warehouse construction was reviewed in heilongjiang province sinc e recent 50 years, especially the characteristic of structure, function, equipment, ventilation and testing system of grain situation for “ 90 - 3 ” warehouse and bri ck silo. the comprehensive cost of the kinds of bins was accounted

    文摘:簡要回顧了建國以來黑龍江省糧食建設的歷史，重點介紹了90 ? 3型平房倉和磚筒倉兩種經濟實用的機械化糧倉的建築結構、功能、設備配置及通風、糧情檢測等性能特點，並對綜合造價和運營成本等作了概算。
  15. Feasibility study on construction project, investment budget calculation, engineering project cost estimation, final account settlement and calculating the cost bottom data for tendering project and project ' s economic evaluation, engineering cost surveillance and control

    建設項目可行性研究、投資估算、工程概（預、估）算及標底編審、項目經濟評價、工程造價監控。
  16. Having long been ergigedin the evaluation and feasibility study, engineering value consultation and also in construction engineering auditing, induding budgetary estimate, item budget and final accounts ), also engaged investment evaluation consultation. of engineering project

    工程咨詢中，從事工程項目評估，可行性研究，工程造價咨詢業務；專業咨詢中，從事建設工程審計（包括概、預、決算審計） ，投資項目評估等咨詢業務。
  17. Project item feasibility study, project budgetary estimate and construction budget, protendetr estimate for public bidding, construction cost check and appraisal, construction inspection, construction management and assets evaluation

    工程項目可行性研究，編制工程概，預算和招標標底，審核和鑒定工程造價，工程建設監理，工程項目施工管理和資產評估
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