機會成本值 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [jīkuàichéngběnzhí]
機會成本值
英文
opportunity cost of value-
Muc is furtherly defined as intergenerational opportunity cost under sustainability context and the concept of relative value is built up to analyze its dynamic character. in the neoclassic growrh with the invariable substitution of resource for capital, the formulation of this relative value is deduced. for mpc, hotelling model is used to illuminate the relation between the change of mpc and the impossibilities of sustainable use of energy resources ; for mec, an optimal growth model with exhaustible energy resources and environment pollution is employed to calculate the optimal environment
在可持續發展的條件下，將能源資源的邊際使用者成本進一步定義為代際機會成本，並建立相對價值的概念用於分析代際機會成本的動態變化，基於一個資本與資源存在確定替代關系的新古典經濟體系推導這種相對價值的表達式;在傳統的霍特林準則的基礎上，分析了邊際生產成本變化對資源可持續利用的影響;運用一個帶有資源與環境約束的最優增長模型，推導了邊際環境成本內部化的最優環境稅，並分析了這種稅收政策在實踐中的應用。The available wrv models such as shadow price model, marginal opportunity cost model, reproduction model, income present value model and supply - demand price model are introduced, and their principle, applicability, merits and demerits are analysed. and then, this paper discusses various factors which may have influence on wrv. finally, this paper establishes the fuzzy model of wrv
指出現有的影子價格模型，邊際機會成本價格模型，再生產模型，收益現值模型，供求定價模型等水資源價值模型各自的模型原理、適用性及其優缺點，然後在此基礎上論述有關因素對水資源價值的影響，指出水資源價值的模糊屬性，構建了水資源價值模糊數學模型。For a company, after - tax earnings minus the opportunity cost of capital
對一家公司而言，經濟增加值等於稅后收益減資本金的機會成本。This paper take comprehensive development project - " enrich farmers through water conservancy ( eftwc project ) " in pinggu district, beijing as an example or research area, to built up indexes system for evaluating such projects based on the analysis of the project ' s functions ; to evaluate the effects of eftwc project on the development of agricultural economy in research area with statistic analysis method, such as the theory of gray system and regression analysis method. the key points of this paper are focused on as following aspects : ( 1 ) the value of eco - environmental benefits of eftwc project in pinggu district is evaluated based on utility value theory and environmental economic methods such as equivalent substitution approach, opportunity cost approach, and replacement cost ap proach ; ( 2 ) the economic effects on investment are appraised with both static and dynamic cost - benefit analysis methods ; and ( 3 ) the effects of the eftwc project on the economy and society sustainability in research area are evaluated synthetically from three aspects : society development ability, economy development ability and resources and environmental capacity
本文以北京市平谷區水利富民綜合開發工程為例，在分析了水利富民綜合開發工程功能的基礎上，建立了水利富民綜合開發工程效益價值評估的指標體系；用灰色系統理論、回歸分析等統計分析方法進行了水利富民綜合開發工程對平谷區農業經濟發展的影響評價；重點以效用價值論為理論依據，用等效替代法、機會成本法和重置成本法（恢復費用法）等環境經濟學方法，對平谷區水利富民綜合開發工程生態環境效益價值進行了評估；採用靜態和動態費用效益分析法進行了水利富民綜合開發工程投資經濟效果分析；最後從社會發展能力、經濟發展能力和資源環境承載能力3個方面進行了水利富民綜合開發工程對平谷區經濟社會可持續發展能力的綜合影響評價。Yet the yen has recently been appreciating against the us dollar, probably reflecting market sentiment that the interest opportunity cost of holding the japanese yen rather than the us dollar, amounting to five per cent per annum, is not a lot compared with the substantial anticipated short - term gain in the exchange rate
然而，日圓最近兌美元升值，大概反映市場認為持有日圓而非美元的利息成本即機會成本，約為每年5 % ，與預期日圓升值的大短期收益比較，並不算高。Using cost - benefit analysis methods of environmental economics including the market valuation methods, opportunity cost methods, shadow engineering methods and restoration expenditure methods ; this paper evaluates the soil conservation benefit of ccfg in yuanzhou district of guyuan city
本文採用環境經濟學中費用效益分析的市場價值法、機會成本法、恢復費用法、影子工程法等估算了固原市原州區退耕還林還草工程的土壤保持效益。Based on the characteristics and connotation of forest ecosystem services, physical and value assessment, including the assessment methods of shallow price, opportunity cost, substitution expenditure, capitalized returns and so on were used to evaluate the forest ecosystem services in wuyishan scenery district
摘要根據森林生態系統的特徵和服務功能的內涵，採用物質量和價值量相結合的方法，運用影子價格法、機會成本法、替代花費法、收益資本化法等方法定量評價了武夷山風景名勝區森林生態系統服務功能的經濟價值。Water quantity prediction is the base and premise of water price calculating. this paper uses moving tendency forecasting modeling, gm forecasting modeling and bp neural forecasting modeling to forecast the water requirement of the future, evaluates the forecasting results, and confirms the forecasting results ; the industry water price elasticity index and the resident water price elasticity are calculated with the multi - linear regression method ; the water resources value is evaluated with the marginal opportunity cost method considering the transferring water, other parameters are evaluated and estimated by using some methods of connecting with objective laws and estimation
用水量預測是水價制定的前提和基礎，本文在進行水量預測時，採用移動平均法、灰色預測法和bp神經網路進行預測，並對預測結果進行了綜合評價，確定出合理的預測結果；採用多元線性回歸方法確定工業用水價格彈性和居民生活用水價格彈性指數；採用跨流域調水情況下的邊際機會成本方法確定當地的水資源價值；採用主觀判斷和客觀規律相結合的方法對其它一些參數進行了確定。Based on the characteristics and connotation of forest ecosystem services, the physical and value assessment methods, including market value method, shadow engineering price method, production cost method, opportunity cost method and administering expenditure method, were used to evaluate forest ecosystem services in yashushan natural reserve
摘要根據福建寧化牙梳山自然保護區森林生態系統的特徵和森林生態系統服務功能的內涵，採用物質量和價值量相結合的評價方法，使用市場價值法、影子工程價格法、生產成本法、機會成本法、治理費用法等定量評價了寧化牙梳山自然保護區森林生態系統服務功能經濟價值。Opportunity cost is the value of the sacrifice or opportunity for ? gone
機會成本是只放棄某中機會或作出某種犧牲的價值。So, any kind of theory is not all - powerful. we should persist in studying comprehensive management dialectically with the development of society. in short, there are three aspects which we should pay attention to in the article. firstly, as a main side of criminology, we do realize the importance of exploring the regularity of anticrime. secondly, the anticrime idea which conforms to game regularity is not narrow sense but broad sense. finally, we say, acqucring initiative in the anticrime field is the basis of the maximum benefit of preventing crime
第五部分，以對預防犯罪現象的整體博弈分析為基礎，對綜合治理預防論進行了重新認識：指出，綜合治理預防犯罪論是符合預防犯罪規律的理性選擇；預防為主是綜合治理預防犯罪論的價值取向，而預防為主的實現是以提高犯罪人的犯罪機會成本並使其產生社會性的認知效應為主線的；綜合治理預防論的運用是以建立一定約束形式的預防原則為前提的；預防犯罪博弈的開放性、博弈參與者對各自利益尋求的本性決定了綜合治理預防論並非完美的預防理論，隨著社會的發展和變化，綜合治理預防論在預防觀念上也應有一個變化過程。Because eva is the only financial management system that provides a common language for employees across all operating and staff functions and allows all management decisions to be made always in terms of the value added to shareholder investment, it can conclude that eva - based sfm is one of the best ways for the purpose of raising aerospace enterprises economic benefit, maintaining and increasing the value of state - owned assets
而且在eva財務管理模式下，降低各種顯性成本和機會成本成為從高層經理到一線員工的自覺行動，這恰恰與出資者不謀而合。總之，引入eva理論改善航天企業出資者財務管理，是確保國有資產保值增值的制度安排。Of course, the development of benefit value of economic law expresses. 1. effective competition is the best way of realizing the arrangement of resource. 2. the influencement to social economy contains a series of different conditions from the aspect of scope and intensity. 3. under the condition of market economy, market mechanism and the fundamental way of country ' s intevention must be different. however, their functions, effects and purposes are consistent in order to maxmize the social resource and minimize the social costs
經濟法的效益價值演變表明： （ 1 ）有效競爭是實現資源、配置的最佳方式； （ 2 ）國家對社會經濟和影響就其范圍和力度而言存在多種不同情況； （ 3 ）市場經濟條件下，市場機制和國家干預的基礎、方式雖然各不相同，但其功能、作用和目的卻是一致的，都是使社會資源效用最大化，社會成本最低化。Other scenarios included the aggregate balance increasing to a size where the total opportunity cost to the banking sector exceeded the perceived risk of the alternative i. e. appreciation of the hong kong dollar, resulting in banks switching out of hong kong dollars ; the imposition of charges on large balances maintained by banks in their clearing accounts held with the hkma ; and allowing low nominal and real interest rates to continue to play their role in facilitating economic recovery until, through the normal operation of the currency board system, equilibrium was gradually restored
委員會獲悉這項安排是在港元強勢令總結餘水平及有關的寬松的貨幣狀況引起關注的這一種情況下，可以採取的措施。其他可能出現的情況包括總結餘繼續增加，直至銀行體系認為其機會成本明顯超過港元升值的風險，促使銀行減持港元金管局開徵銀行結算戶口大額結餘的收費以及在貨幣發局制度的正常運作下讓偏低的名義及實質利率繼續發揮作用，促進經濟復甦，直至經濟逐步回復平衡。Based on the study of existing evaluation approach of commercial forestland and ecology forestland, this paper used the opportunity cost theory, sample theory, discriminant analysis theory and discounted cash flow analysis to establish the evaluation theory of forestland, which was more suitable for forestland evaluation in ecology - oriented forest project evaluation
摘要該文在對已有的商品性林地資源價值和公益性林地資源價值評估方法進行研究的基礎上，綜合運用機會成本理論、抽樣和判別分析理論及收益還原理論，建立一種適用於生態公益林建設專案投資評價的林地資源價值評估模型。Results of calibration of indicate that the ecologically accepted fertilizer dosage of shunyi district in 2002 was 328. 27 kg / hmz while the actual one was 1034kg / hm2. such a result was derived base on the externality and rules of marginal cost applying contingent valuation method of environmental economics, survey on the willingness to pay for harnessing water pollution caused by the waste water discharged by big farm was conducted
現階段，左右順義區土地利用生態服務價值的主要是耕地、林地、園地；根據環境經濟學邊際機會成本定價原理，結合順義區2002年化肥施用造成的外部不經濟性，推算順義區2002年最佳生態化肥施用量是328 . 87kg hm ~ 2 。而順義區目前化肥施用量1034kg hm ~ 2 ，屬于嚴重超標狀態。( 6 ) the design principle of tdcam is that the marginal value of consuming environmental public goods of forest resources, i. e. environmental shadow price, can be acquired by using environmental demand curve which is induced by timber demand curve, or replaced by the opportunity cost given up timber benefits
木材需求曲線修正法的設計思路是利用環境需求曲線計算環境公共產品的邊際價值，利用放棄的木材收益作為環境公共產品邊際價值的機會成本。It is clearly pointed out at the very beginning of this paper that the higher education cost is the value of resources consumed by services for the educated, which include the value of educational resources in terms of currency as well as the lost value of resources consumed in higher education. the former is the actual cost while the latter is the risk cost of higher education
本文首先明確指出：高等教育成本即為使受教育者接受高等教育服務而耗費的資源的價值，它既包括以貨幣支出的教育資源價值，也包括因資源用於高等教育所造成的價值損失，前者為高等教育的實支成本，後者為高等教育的機會成本。Economists use the cost opportunity cost to mean the cost of a specific choice measured in terms of the next best alternative choice
經濟學家們利用機會成本價值根據次優備選機會對測量的個別機會成本進行平均計算。Three analytical models are respectively set forth for each value element contained in moc theory
基於邊際機會成本的理論框架，就能源資源的每一個價值構成都發展了一個分析模型。分享友人