比折光度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [bǐzhéguāngdù]
比折光度
英文
intercept refractivity-
The various colours significant of various degrees of vitality white, yellow, crimson, vermilion, cinnabar : their degrees of brilliancy : their magnitudes revealed up to and including the 7th : their positions : the waggoner s star : walsingham way : the chariot of david : the annular cinctures of saturn : the condensation of spiral nebulae into suns : the interdependent gyrations of double suns : the independent synchronous discoveries of galileo, simon marius, piazzi, le verrier, herschel, galle : the systematisations attempted by bode and kepler of cubes of distances and squares of times of revolution : the almost infinite compressibility of hirsute comets and their vast elliptical egressive and reentrant orbits from perihelion to aphelion : the sidereal origin of meteoric stones : the libyan floods on mars about the period of the birth of the younger astroscopist : the annual recurrence of meteoric showers about the period of the feast of s. lawrence martyr, 10 august : the monthly recurrence known as the new moon with the old moon in her arms : the posited influence of celestial on human bodies : the appearance of a star 1st magnitude of exceeding brilliancy dominating by night and day a new luminous sun generated by the collision and amalgamation in incandescence of two nonluminous exsuns about the period of the birth of william shakespeare over delta in the recumbent neversetting constellation of cassiopeia and of a star 2nd magnitude of similar origin but lesser brilliancy which had appeared in and disappeared from the constellation of the corona septentrionalis about the period of the birth of leopold bloom and of other stars of presumably similar origin which had effectively or presumably appeared in and disappeared from the constellation of andromeda about the period of the birth of stephen dedalus, and in and from the constellation of auriga some years after the birth and death of rudolph bloom, junior, and in and from other constellations some years before or after the birth or death of other persons : the attendant phenomena of eclipses, solar and lunar, from immersion to emersion, abatement of wind, transit of shadow, taciturnity of winged creatures, emergence of nocturnal or crepuscular animals, persistence of infernal light, obscurity of terrestrial waters, pallor of human beings
顯示出不同程度之生命力的繽紛色彩白淺黃深紅朱紅銀朱諸星之亮度一直包括到七等星以等級標志的諸星之大小諸星的位置御夫座沃爾辛厄姆路172大衛的戰車173土星光環螺旋星雲凝固后形成有衛星的恆星群兩重大陽相互依存的旋轉運動伽利略西蒙馬里烏斯174皮亞175勒威耶赫歇耳加勒176等人各自獨立地同時所做的發現波得和開普勒所嘗試的距離的立方與回轉次數的平方的體系化177多毛的眾彗星178那幾殆無限的被壓縮性，以及自近日點至遠日點那廣漠的遠心的重返大氣層的橢圓軌道隕石的恆星之起源年紀較輕的天體觀測者誕生的那個時期火星上所出現的「暗波」現象179每年在聖勞倫斯節殉教者，八月十日前後降落的隕石雨每月都發生的所謂「新月抱舊月」現象180關于天體對人體的影響的假定威廉莎士比亞出生的時期，在斜倚卻永不沒落的仙后座那三角形上端，一顆不分晝夜散發著極亮光彩的星辰一等星出現了181這是兩個無光死滅了的太陽因相撞並汞合為白熱體而形成的燦爛的新太陽大約在利奧波德布盧姆出生時，出現在七星花冠星座里而後又消失了的一顆同一起源亮度卻稍遜的星宿二等星182還有約於斯蒂芬迪達勒斯出生時，出現在仙女座中之後又消失，小魯道爾夫布盧姆出生與夭折數年後出現于御夫座后又消失，以及另外一些人出生或去世前前後後出現在許許多多其他星座中而又消失了的假定是同一起源的實際存在或假定存在的星斗183 。Compared with current instruments, the setup can decrease disturbance of disorder radiation by using double layer refractive index sample matching vessel, and it can increase collecting and transmitting efficiency of radiation by adopting single mode fiber with gradient refractive index lens. with a low power laser, the sample has a low scathe, and the laser and the measurement system can be integrated conveniently
與現有的同類型儀器相比，該儀器採用雙層折射率樣品匹配池減少了雜散光的干擾；採用帶梯度折射率透鏡的單模光纖接收、傳輸散射光信號提高了散射光的收集傳輸效率；用低強度的激光避免了對樣品的輻射損傷，同時可以使激光器和系統集成在一起，整個系統小型實用。The results indicate that ( a ) before heat treatment, with the increasing of substrate temperatures, content of lower valency ( tij + ) decreases, the stoichiometric proportion of o / ti in all samples is about 2 ; the films have amorphous incompact columnar fiber structure, and with the increasing of substrate temperature, the size of columnar fiber increases ; the films have good hyalescence in visible range and great absorbability at the wavelength of 350nm ; optical constants of the films are calculated from the transmittance spectrums in visible range by mathematical analysis of the orders of interference, the results show that the refractive ind
研究結果表明， （ a ）熱處理前，隨著基片溫度的增加，薄膜中的低價氧化鈦含量逐漸減少，化學計量比趨于o ti = 2 ；薄膜具有非晶態不緻密的柱狀纖維結構，柱狀纖維的尺寸隨基片溫度的升高而增加;薄膜在可見光范圍內透明，在波長為35onzn時嚴重吸收，利用干涉級次法分析了薄膜的光學常數，結果表明，薄膜的折射率隨基片溫度的升高而增加，根據計算結果得到了tioz薄膜在不同基片溫度下的折射率色散曲線。From maxwell equations the refractive index equation and hamilton - jacobi equation, which describe the evolution of the electric field, are derived including the effects of the diffraction, the third - order intensity - dependent nonlinearity, plasma defocusing, the focusing and defocusing of the plasma channel, and the relativistic self - focusing
從maxwell方程出發我們得到了兩個包含衍射、三階強度非線性、等離子體散焦、等離子體隧道聚焦和散焦以及相對論自聚焦等效應在內的激光場演化方程，即折射率方程和哈密頓-雅可比方程。Method for inspection of pona of naphtha for exportmethod for test of naphthenes in saturatesfractions with refractivity intercept
出口石腦油pona值檢驗方法比折光度法測定飽和烴餾分中的環烷烴The tests of e - o applications by our flux ktp has been realized, the results showed : optical waveguides fabricated by using an ion - exchange process, which have an exchange - ion concentration depth profile and refractive - index profile, is close to a complementary error - function distribution, optical homogeneity and device thermal stability is much better. amplitude modulation switch formed by our flux ktp has the contrast ratio of 150 : 1 and insert loss is 2. 5 % at 1064 nm. high quality optical pulse with 1 ns width was cut successfully by using an e - o modulator from a laser pulse with 50 ns width, this modulator had run for three years, and the crystal did n ' t blackened, it showed our low conductivity flux ktp can endure high modulation voltage for a very long time
Ktp晶體的電光應用試驗表明：用離子交換法製作的電光波導，其離子交換濃度、折射率變化符合餘弦誤差函數，光學均勻性以及器件的溫度穩定性較好；製作的強度調制電光開關，消光比為150 ： 1 ，對1064nm激光的插入損耗為2 . 5 ；製作的電光調制器用於激光脈沖整形試驗，從脈沖寬度50ns的激光脈沖削出脈寬1ns的高質量光脈沖，該電光開關經過長達三年多的使用，沒有出現晶體變黑現象，說明本實驗的低電導率ktp晶體能夠耐受長時間的調制電壓。The joint transform correlator ( jtc ) is paid more attention by researchers than the matched filtering correlator ( mfc ) with its advantages, such as high spatial bandwidth product, without integrated filtering and real - time operation etc. photorefractive crystals have some advantages, such as fast response, high spatial resolution and large storage capacity etc. we can exert both advantages by combining the photorefractive crystal with the jtc
與匹配濾波相關器相比，聯合變換相關器具有諸多優點，如空間帶寬積高、無需濾波綜合、易於實時操作等，所以近年來更加引起人們的研究興趣。光折變晶體具有響應速度快、空間解析度高、存儲容量大等優點。將光折變晶體與聯合變換相關器相結合構成光折變聯合變換相關器，就可以充分發揮二者的優勢。The main work can be summed up as follows : firstly, we studied the thermal - field properties of vcsels, and analyzed the influences of current spreading, material parameters and operating conditions on the temperature distributions. secondly, we began with the electrode voltage and calculated the equipotential s distributions, compared the distributions of voltages and current densities in different depths of vcsels, and then studied the influences of the oxide - confining region with different position or thickness, and the different sizes of the gain - guided aperture and emitting window on the distributions of the injected current density, carrier concentration and temperature in the active region. thirdly, we realized the coupling of electricity, optical and thermal - fields, worked out the threshold voltage, calculated the distributions of the injected current density, carrier concentration and temperature under different offset voltages, and analyzed the impacts of temperature profile and carrier density on the refractive index, fermi levels and optical - field
具體工作可以概括如下：首先，研究了vcsel的熱場特性，分析了電流擴展，材料參數和工作條件對于溫度分佈的影響；其次，從電極電壓入手，計算出激光器中的等勢線分佈，並對不同深度處的電壓和電流分佈進行比較，研究了高阻區的不同位置和不同厚度、限制層和出射窗口半徑的大小對電流密度、載流子濃度和溫度分佈的影響；再次，實現了電、光、熱耦合，求出了閾值電壓，計算了不同偏置電壓下的電流密度分佈、載流子濃度分佈和熱場分佈，分析了溫度和載流子濃度變化對折射率、費米能級和光場的影響；最後，給出了考慮n - dbr和雙氧化限制層時激光器中的等勢線分佈，分析了n - dbr和雙氧化限制層對vcsel電流密度、載流子濃度、溫度和光場分佈的影響。This formula shows the change of the light transmission with the continuous change of incident angle and azimuth angle of incident light, and the refractive index of the glue and thickness of the glued layer of the prisms. the effect of wavelength is also studied
解釋了激光偏光棱鏡的光強透射比隨光線的人射角、方位角、膠合層介質的折射率及膠合層的厚度的變化關系，還討論了人射波長的影響。Many opo implementations are limited by problems with conventional birefiingent phase - matched techniques in available materials, such as poynting - vector walk - off, low effective nonlinear coefficient, and inconvenient phase - matching temperature and angles
常規雙折射位相匹配技術的opo有許多缺點，比如光束走離效應、非線性轉換效率較低、位相匹配溫度及匹配角的限制，阻礙了opo的發展。Blue light has a shorter wavelength and is refracted more than light with a longer wavelength such as red light
藍光由於波長較短，其被折射的幅度會比紅光等較長波長的光為大。A novel strip - coil - baffle structure used to enhance heat transfer and support the tube bundle for a tube - shell heat exchanger is proposed. the new structure can sleeve the tubes in bundle alternatively to create a vortex flow in a heat exchanger. the numerical simulation on the flow and heat transfer characteristics for this new structure heat exchanger is conducted. the computational domain consists of two strip - coil sleeved tubes and two bare tubes oppositely placed at each corner of a square. the velocity and temperature fields in such strip - coil - baffled channel are simulated using fluent software. the effects of the strip - coil - baffles on heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance in relation to the reynolds number are analyzed. the results show that this new structure bundle can enhance the heat transfer coefficient up to a range of 40 ? to 55 ? in comparison with a bare tube bundle ; meanwhile, higher flow resistance is also accompanied. it is believe that the strip - coil - baffled heat exchanger should have promising applications in many industry fields
介紹了一種用於強化管殼式換熱器殼側傳熱和支撐管束的螺旋折流片新型結構，該結構是對換熱器管子相間地套上螺旋折流片以產生旋渦流動.研究模型是在正方形布置的4個管子中的2個對角管子套上螺旋折流片后形成的通道，利用fluent軟體對該上述四管通道模型的流場和溫度分佈情況進行了數值模擬;分析了四管通道模型中螺旋折流片對強化傳熱和流動阻力隨雷諾數的變化關系的影響.算例結果顯示該新型結構可比相同尺寸的光管通道中的情形傳熱系數提高約40 ? 55 ? ，同時也將伴隨較高的流動阻力.可以相信螺旋折流片式換熱器將會在許多工業領域有良好的應用前景Abstract : a novel strip - coil - baffle structure used to enhance heat transfer and support the tube bundle for a tube - shell heat exchanger is proposed. the new structure can sleeve the tubes in bundle alternatively to create a vortex flow in a heat exchanger. the numerical simulation on the flow and heat transfer characteristics for this new structure heat exchanger is conducted. the computational domain consists of two strip - coil sleeved tubes and two bare tubes oppositely placed at each corner of a square. the velocity and temperature fields in such strip - coil - baffled channel are simulated using fluent software. the effects of the strip - coil - baffles on heat transfer enhancement and flow resistance in relation to the reynolds number are analyzed. the results show that this new structure bundle can enhance the heat transfer coefficient up to a range of 40 ? to 55 ? in comparison with a bare tube bundle ; meanwhile, higher flow resistance is also accompanied. it is believe that the strip - coil - baffled heat exchanger should have promising applications in many industry fields
文摘:介紹了一種用於強化管殼式換熱器殼側傳熱和支撐管束的螺旋折流片新型結構，該結構是對換熱器管子相間地套上螺旋折流片以產生旋渦流動.研究模型是在正方形布置的4個管子中的2個對角管子套上螺旋折流片后形成的通道，利用fluent軟體對該上述四管通道模型的流場和溫度分佈情況進行了數值模擬;分析了四管通道模型中螺旋折流片對強化傳熱和流動阻力隨雷諾數的變化關系的影響.算例結果顯示該新型結構可比相同尺寸的光管通道中的情形傳熱系數提高約40 ? 55 ? ，同時也將伴隨較高的流動阻力.可以相信螺旋折流片式換熱器將會在許多工業領域有良好的應用前景In order to explain the phenmena, two supposes of " hole " and " polar - group rupture " are proposed, according to the tests of ir, density, refractive index, conductor volume resistivity, the aging model of pmma is confirmed likely
通過其他實驗（如紅外光譜、測量密度、測量折射率、測量體積電阻率）的相互對比，基本上肯定了有機玻璃「極性基團斷裂」的熱老化模型。Because of high threshold of 946 nm laser, severe thermal lens effect will appear when the 946 nm laser operations. in the consideration of thermal lens effect, the - optimized folding cavity has been devised. the relation between thermal lens effect and the radius of laser beam waist has been given as well
由於946nm激光閾值很高，需要更強的泵浦功率密度，因此較大功率藍光激光器的熱透鏡效應將會比紅光和綠光激光器更明顯，而熱透鏡效應是影響激光功率提高和激光輸出穩定性的重要原因，所以在考慮到激光晶體熱透鏡效應的情況下，優化設計了折疊腔結構，並給出了熱透鏡效應和折疊腔中腔模半徑大小的關系。In the paper, some factors are studied such as ratio of soliton and signal wavelength, linear refractive - index of media and coupling length which have influence on the performance of the steerable all - optical directional coupler
研究了孤子波和信號光波長之比、器件長度及介質的線性折射率對光控可變定向耦合器性能的影響。Through the analysis, it is shown that : 1, while fabricating the grating, the principle of selecting the parameters is : the period should be as large as possible, the etching depth should be small and filling factor should approach to 0. 25. 2, if selecting the parameter combine the selecting principle and the requirement of concrete application, the space of selecting the parameter should be larger than before. 3, while the period to. 4a, the surface profile has no effect on the reflectivity
通過分析發現： 1 、在製作有一定特性的光柵時，光柵參數的選擇原則為：周期的取值應盡量的大，刻蝕深度的取值應盡量的小，占空比的取值應盡量靠近f = 0 . 25 ； 2 、以參數的選擇原則結合製作的具體應用要求宋選擇光柵的參數，則各個參數的優化空間更大； 3 、當光柵的周期t 0 . 4時，表面面形對反射率沒有影響； 4 、運用臨界周期點隨折射率的變化規律，可以避免由於選擇光柵周期過大而出現一級衍射，從而導致製作失敗。Standard test methods for refractive index and specific optical dispersion of electrical insulating liquids
電絕緣液體折射指數和比光散度的標準試驗方法You are going to explore the most view of grand canyon national park. the beauty of the nature will leave you many unforgettable impressions. stay over night at las vegas, so that you have more to enjoy there
上午驅車前往世界奇景之一的峽谷國家公園，其壯觀與艷麗無與倫比，再由各個不同的角度來欣賞光與峽谷巖壁折射的奇景，峽谷深不可測，令您不得不贊嘆大自然之偉大，夜宿拉斯維加斯。Experiments have demonstrated that, under the condition of constant temperature ( 20 ), the frequency error of double - frequency laser interferometer with two longitudinal modes could be controlled within 10 " 9 even with conditions such as with cool or hot air blowing, it can still be kept within 10 " 7. self - organised fuzzy control methods can be realised in a single - chip processor which contains fuzzy optimisation and self - organisation functions. the above - mentioned system possesses the following advantages : simple
/ znl （式中c為光速， l為諧振腔長， n為空氣折射率，其值約790mhz ） ，原理上對目前可能要求的測量速度都能滿足;它發出的光為一對互相垂直的線偏振光，與塞曼型雙頻激光干涉儀相比，它不用外加軸向磁場及1 / 4波片，因此結構簡單，造價低廉。分享友人