油污損 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [yóuwūsǔn]
油污損
英文
oil pollution damage-
Protocol of 1992 to amend the international convention on civil liability for oil pollution damage, london, 27. 11. 1992
1992年11月27日訂于倫敦的修正《國際油污損害民事責任公約》的1992年議定書Chapter four analyses risks undertaken by the lesser, namely, maritime liens, possessory liens, and civil liability for oil pollution damage
然後，對出租人作為所有權人所面臨的船舶優先權、留置權、船舶油污損害賠償責任這些特殊風險進行了分析。To avoid confusion over the applicable law in the civil compensation for oil pollution damage from ships, the relevant domestic laws and the international convention on civil liability for oil pollution damage are analyzed
摘要針對目前我國船舶油污民事賠償責任法律體系中法律適用較混亂的情況，在分析我國現行幾部調整船舶油污民事法律關系的法律及《國際油污損害民事賠償責任公約》之後，從國際條約法和國際私法角度闡述法律的適用問題。The paper refer to the two oil pollution compensation regimes, one is established by the 1969 international convention on civil liability for oil pollution damage and the 1971 international convention on the establishment of an international fund for compensation for oil pollution damage, another is established by the oil pollution act of 1990 of america, combine with the oil pollution compensation cases in recent years, introduce the present situation of oil pollution compensation in our country, discuss several problems in practice of oil pollution compensation, such as the scope of oil pollution compensation, the claimant of oil pollution compensation, the responsible party and liability of oil pollution compensation, the evidence of oil pollution damage case, the limits on liability of oil pollution compensation, present that our country would draft the oil pollution compensation law according to the principles of the oil pollution act of 1990 of america and establish the complete oil pollution compensation regime, which the responsible party and the user of oil joint compensa te the oil pollution damage, expect to completely settle the problems of oil pollution compensation
本文比較《 69民事責任公約》 、 《 71基金公約》及其議定書和美國《 1990年油污法》建立的兩套油污損害賠償的法律制度，結合近年來油污損害賠償的案例，介紹了我國油污損害賠償的現狀，並就油污染損害賠償實踐中的油污損害賠償范圍、油污損害賠償的索賠主體、油污損害賠償主體和責任、油污損害案件的證據問題、油污損害賠償的責任限制幾個具體法律問題展開討論，提出我國可以重點參照美國《 1990年油污法》制定專門的《油污損害賠償法》 ，建立由污染責任人和油類受益人共同賠償的完整油污損害賠償制度，以期徹底解決油污損害賠償的問題。From 20 century 60s, continuous world - shaking oil tankers leakage badly polluted ocean, which urge related international conventions and domestic legislation put out objectively, mostly international convention on civil liability for oil pollution damage, 1969 and international convention for the establishment of an international fund for compensation for oil pollution damage, 1971
但是至今，我國未加入《 1971年設立國際油污損害賠償基金公約》 （ fund1971 ） ，國內也沒有相應的賠償基金，因而往往使溢油事故發生后得不到充分的賠償。Any vessels carrying more than 2, 000 tons of oil in bulk as cargo shall hold a valid " insurance or other financial security certificate for civil liability against oil pollution damage, " or a " credit certificate for civil liability against oil pollution damage, " or furnish other financial credit guarantees
載運2 ， 000噸以上的散裝貨油的船舶，應當持有有效的《油污損害民事責任保險或其他財務保證證書》 ，或《油污損害民事責任信用證書》 ，或提供其他財務信用保證。The owner of a ship registered in a contracting state and carrying more than 2, 000 tons of oil in bulk as cargo shall be required to maintain insurance or other financial security, such as the guarantee of a bank or a certificate delivered by an international compensation fund, in the sums fixed by applying the limits of liability prescribed in article v, paragraph 1 to cover his liability for pollution damage under this convention
在締約國登記的載運二千噸以上散裝貨油船舶的船舶所有人必須進行保險或取得其他形式的經濟擔保，如銀行保函或由國際保賠基金出具的證書等，按第五條第1款中規定的責任限額確定擔保數額，以便按本公約規定補償船舶所有人對油污損害所應負的責任。Compensation claims for oil pollution damage caused by a ship carrying more than 2, 000 tons of oil in bulk as cargo that has a valid certificate attesting that the ship has oil pollution liability insurance coverage or other appropriate financial security are not within the scope of sub - paragraph ( 5 ) of the preceding paragraph
載運2000噸以上的散裝貨油的船舶，持有有效的證書，證明已經進行油污損害民事責任保險或者具有相應的財務保證的，對其造成的油污損害的賠償請求，不屬於前款第（五）項規定的范圍。Its main contributions in the imo in 2000 concerned standards of training and certification for seafarers, bulk carrier safety, radio communications, revision of the international maritime dangerous goods code, safety of navigation, prevention of pollution and matters relating to liability and compensation for bunker oil pollution damage
參與的事務主要關乎海員培訓和發證標準、散裝貨船安全、無線電通訊、 《國際海運危險貨物規則》的修訂、航行安全、防污，以及關于裝卸燃料引致油污損害的責任和賠償事宜。Aimed at the international conventions on the topic, the third chapter undertakes a detailed discussion on the condition of the oil pollution laws from the different operation mechanism angles, such as precaution reaction, technique management, administrative management, liability contribution, and diversification of risk. the forth chapter carries on a reference discussion on two nongovernmental agreements which played an important role in the law practice of oil pollution damage compensation
第三章主要針對有關船舶油污的國際公約，從預防反應、技術管理、行政管理、責任認定、風險分攤等不同的運行機制角度，對整個國際防止船舶油污立法狀況進行詳細論述。第四章對曾經在船舶油污損害賠償責任法律實踐中起到重要作用的兩個國際民間協定進行了參照論述。This article has been divided into five chapters, the contents of five chapters respectively are : the contents of the first chapter are about pollution compensation that oil leakage of the ships lead to in " maritime law " ; the contents of the second chapter are about delay delivery of the goods in " maritime law " ; the contents of the third chapter are about the cargo lien that the marine carriers have in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fourth chapter are about the rights that the shippers can change and terminate the contract unilaterally in " maritime law " ; the contents of the fifth chapter are about the limitation of liability for maritime claims system in " maritime law ". the contents of each chapter of this article are about a flaw of " maritime law ". as a result of the limit of article length and the limit of author ability, it is impossible to analyze the article of " maritime law " gradually, the article is only about five quite important flaws of " maritime law " to form five chapters, then we will introduce them gradually
但是，隨著我國加入wto ，國際貿易和海上運輸迅速的發展， 《海商法》在實施中暴露出很多不足。因此，有必要遵循科學性、適時性和法制統一性等立法的基本原則，對《海商法》及時進行修改。筆者認為，應當認真總結《海商法》成功的經驗和失敗的教訓，從目前和今後一個時期海上和與海相通的內陸水域的運輸和經濟貿易的現實和發展對法律的需要出發，參照和借鑒其他民商立法、國際海事條約、民間規則和合同格式，以及國外先進的立法例，吸收海商法理論研究成果，並考慮國際海事立法的發展趨勢，在船舶油污損害賠償的規定，遲延交付的規定，海上貨物留置權的規定，托運人變更解除合同權利的規定，海事賠償責任限制制度的規定等幾個方面修改現行《海商法》 。Any claim for compensation for pollution damage may be brought directly against the insurer or other person providing financial security for the owner ' s liability for pollution damage
可向承擔船舶所有人油污損害責任的保險人或提供經濟擔保的其他人直接提出針對油污損害的任何索賠。Furthermore, the defendant may avail himself of the defence that the pollution damage resulted from the wilful misconduct of the owner himself, but the defendant shall not avail himself of any other defence which he might have been entitled to invoke in proceedings brought by the owner against him
除此以外，被告人可以針對由於船舶所有人的有意的不當行為所造成油污損害援用抗辯權，但不得提出他有權在船舶所有人向他提出的訴訟中所援引的答辯。" pollution damage " means loss or damage caused outside the ship carrying oil by contamination resulting from the escape or discharge of oil from the ship, wherever such escape or discharge may occur, and includes the costs of preventive measures and further loss or damage caused by preventive measures
「油污損害」是指無論任何可能發生逸出或排放油類的地點，由於船舶逸出或排放油類的行為后，在運油船舶本身以外因污染而造成的污染滅失或損害，包括防護性措施的費用以及由於採取防護性措施而造成的進一步滅失或損害。When oil has escaped or has been discharged from two or more ships, and pollution damage results therefrom, the owners of all the ships concerned, unless exonerated under article iii, shall be jointly and severally liable for all such damage which is not reasonably separable
如發生兩艘或多艘船舶逸出或排放油類，因而造成油污損害時，則全部相關船舶的所有人，除非依第三條免責，都應對不能合理分割的損害連帶地和個別地負責任。Abstract : the paper discusses the implementation and relation between the articles or regulations of the marine environmental protection law o f p. r. c., 1999 and marpol 73 / 78, oprc, clc 1992 etc
文摘:概述了新《海洋環境保護法》與《 73 / 78防污公約》 、 《 1990年國際油污防備、反應和合作公約》 、 《 1992年國際油污損害民事責任公約》等有關國際防污公約相關條款的相互關系及其實施。The loss scope of the coastal ships compensation for oil pollution damage in china
我國沿海運輸船舶油污損害賠償的損失范圍To join the international convention in practice does not necessarily conform to china ' s national conditions. thus, as soon as the ship built in conformity with china ' s national conditions accidental discharge pollution damages the legal system is imperative. this article is based on the foregoing, the use of available research and advanced foreign experience to the legislative study
本文討論了船舶事故性排放造成油污損害賠償立法中的權利主體、義務主體、賠償范圍、歸責原則、舉證責任等問題，對于船舶事故性排放造成油污損害賠償的相關法律問題進行了分析並提出立法建議，期望對完善該方面立法有所裨益。However, ocean pollution put a very bad influence on the development and utilization of ocean by human beings, in which shipping oil pollution takes great proportion, it including two aspects : one side is ordinarily emit oil matters during daily shipping, fuel or other oil matters etc, it is intentional outflow ; on the other hand is shipping accident, which make huge amount of oil escape from the ship, contaminated the ocean, it is accidental outflow
但是，隨著社會的發展和人類活動的增加，海洋環境污染已成為一個日益嚴重的社會問題，並得到了廣泛的關注。在造成海洋環境污染的原因中，海上油污佔有很大的比例。我國作為石油貿易大國，在1982年4月29日加入了《 1969年國際油污損害民事責任公約》 （ clc1969 ） ，也頒布了《中華人民共和國海洋環境保護法》來規定油污賠償問題。Focused on assessment & compensation for oil pollution damage from ships in dalian bay, the dissertation first makes a deep analysis of the inflection factors to oil pollution damage and then evaluates respective mathematical model, such as measurement of oil property, general models for diffuse and volatilization of such substances according to the numerical simulation of the tidal dynamics in the water of dalian bay. based on the corresponding oil pollution regulations, the scope and judgment criteria of oil pollution compensation are laid out. respective compensation measurement methods are developed after those of more mature international practice
文中剖析溢油事故可能造成損害程度大小的影響因素，包括建立石油化學數據庫並將油品特性進行量化及通過對大連灣潮流和潮位的計算，建立溢油擴散、揮發模型等；依據現行油污賠償法規，確定油污損害應予賠償的范圍和判定標準；吸收和借鑒國際上相對成熟的評估技術，建立各項損害的賠償計算方法；運用visualbasic6 . 0對損害評估部分進行了計算機編程實現。分享友人