法律判例 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fǎlǜpànlì]
法律判例 英文
legal precedent
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 律 : Ⅰ名1 （法律; 規則） law; rule; statute; regulation 2 （律詩的簡稱） short for lüshi 3 （姓氏） a ...
  • 判 : Ⅰ動詞1 （分開; 分辨） distinguish; discriminate 2 （評定） judge; decide 3 （判決） sentence; con...
  • 法律 : law; statute法律保護 legal protection; 法律程序 legal procedure; 法律承認 de jure recognition （...
  • 判例 : [法律] legal precedent; judicial precedent; case law : 國際法判例 cases in international law判例法 case law
  1. Here the big premises mainly consists of statue and case law

    法律推理的大前提主要有制定法和判例。
  2. In preparing his brief he gave only two pages to conventional legal reasoning and citation of precedents.

    他在準備辯護狀時，僅用兩紙進行通常的法律推理和援引判例。
  3. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  4. This thesis points out that those five countries mentioned above have " citizen lawsuit " legal provision, which is based on environmental right. group lawsuit is or going to be the important form of environmental lawsuit. in order to lighten the sufferers " cause and effect testimony - offering responsibility, those countries confess in their legal precedent or legislation the theory of probability, medical cause, effect and indirect disproof, and implement the invert testimony - offering responsibility or shifting principle

    指出幾國均存在以環境權為基礎的「公民訴訟」法律條款；集團訴訟成為環境訴訟的重要形式；為了減輕環境侵權受害人的因果關系舉證責任，蓋然性說、疫學因果關系說、間接反證說等大都得到了各國判例乃至立法的承認，各國普遍實行了舉證責任倒置或轉移原則。
  5. Therefore, the company law of the countries all over the world confer rights to learn the truth on shareholders, which including the right of inspecting financial accounting report, the right of inspecting books and records, the right of inquiry and the right of request for empanelling inspector. the author writes the paper to present the assumptions on how to perfect our system of shareholders ’ rights to learn the truth, by drawing on other countries ’ successful experience of legislation and analyzing the shortages of our existing laws. this article is composed with four chapters

    因此在借鑒各國公司立法經驗的基礎上，本文認為，要完善我國股東知情權制度首先應在我國公司法律制度中賦予股份有限公司股東查閱公司帳簿的權利，同時為防止股東濫用此項權利，應當對股東行使該權利時的正當目的、持股比例、持股時間以及行使程序上作出必要的限制;其次應當明確股東質詢權以及行使權利的范圍、程序，賦予股東在質詢權受到侵害時的訴權，並對法院的裁判賦予強制執行的效力，即責令董事會必須限期對股東的質詢作出充分說明。
  6. In 2004, henan ' s high court reheard the seed case. it ruled exactly as judge li had, with one exception : it criticized her for invalidating the provincial law

    2004年，河南高院重審種子案件。判決結果和李法官的一樣，但有一點例外：這一判決批評李法官宣布省一級法律無效。
  7. “ in 2004, henan ' s high court reheard the seed case. it ruled exactly as judge li had, with one exception : it criticized her for invalidating the provincial law

    「 2004年，河南省高院重審了這個種子案。該院的判決與李法官的完全一致，只有一處例外：它批評李法官，不應該將河南省的法律判決無效。 」
  8. However, the binding power of administrative case is not admitted in china, but its auxiliary source of law needs to be confirmed in reality

    我國法律不承認行政判例的約束力，但實踐需要對行政判例的輔助法源地位予以肯定。
  9. In the second part, it discusses the basic contents of the clinical legal education, defines its connotation and feature, and researches the relationship between case method and clinical legal education. in the third part, the thesis evaluates the clinical legal education as a kind of teaching mode, including its values, defaults and functions. the forth part is the emphasis of this thesis, which is the designation of clinical legal education in our country, relating to its teaching objective, basic principles, fundamental structures, the system of evaluation, the teacher - resources and confirmation of their achievements, and students " identification, etc

    本文引言部分介紹了該文寫作的學科背景及診所式法律教育研究的概況，第一部分梳理了診所式法律教育的歷史發展，探討了它產生的條件，並對它的傳播進行了概要地描述與分析；第二部分討論了診所式法律教學模式的基本內容，明確了它的涵義、特點，並對判例教學模式與診所式法律教學模式之間的關系進行了研究；第三部分對診所式法律教學模式進行了評價，主要包括它的價值、缺失和作用三個方面；第四部分是本文的重點，對我國的診所式法律教學模式進行設計，主要涉及它的教學目標、教學基本原則、基本結構、評估體系、診所教師的來源與教師成果的肯定和診所學生身份的定位等問題。
  10. Unless specified otherwise in the convention, such implementation may be achieved through national laws or regulations, through applicable collective bargaining agreements or through other measures or in practice

    除非本公約中另有專門規定，此種實施可通過國家法律或條例、通過適用的集體談判協議或通過其他措施或實踐來實現。
  11. Where the competent authority determines that it would not be reasonable or practicable at the present time to apply certain details of the code referred to in article vi, paragraph 1, to a ship or particular categories of ships flying the flag of the member, the relevant provisions of the code shall not apply to the extent that the subject matter is dealt with differently by national laws or regulations or collective bargaining agreements or other measures

    如果主管機關確定目前對懸掛該成員國旗幟的一艘船舶或特定類別船舶適用第六條第1款中所述守則的某些細節不合理或不可行，只要該事項由國家法律或條例或集體談判協議或其它措施來處理，守則的有關規定將不適用。
  12. Anticipatory breach system is a legal system which is designe for the protection of the expectant right of the contract

    預期違約制度是為保護合同期待權而構建的法律制度。該制度產生於英國判例法。
  13. As one of the substantial principles of legality in the contemporary law of obligation, the principle of change of circumstances adapts law to the variety of the social economy, coordinates the conflict of interests among parties and maintains the regular order of the economic circulation, therefore, this principle has been confirmed in the judicial precedents doctrines and legislation in most countries ruled by law. the principle of change of circumstances is inevitable in reality, though it has not been established in our current contract law

    情事變更原則是當代債法最重要的法律原則之一，它使法律能夠適應社會經濟情況的變化，更好地協調當事人之間的利益沖突，維護了經濟流轉的正常秩序，因此已經被大多數先進法治國家的判例、學說與立法所確認。我國新《合同法》雖最終沒有確立情事變更原則，但是情事變更在現實生活中卻是難以避免的。
  14. It is also available for certain other matters such as tenancy matters under part ii of the landlord and tenant ( consolidation ) ordinance in the lands tribunal, applications to the mental health review tribunal and cases of great public concern in the coroner ' s court

    某些其他類別的案件，例如土地審裁處根據《業主與租客（綜合）條例》第ii部審理的案件、向精神健康覆核審裁處提出的申請，以及在死因裁判法庭研訊而廣受公眾關注的案件，也可接受普通法律援助。
  15. Each of these routes has an effect on the law. the decision not to hear a case allows a lower court ' s ruling to stand as precedent, or guiding law for other states

    所有這些都會對法律產生影響：不經最高法院審理的案件的判決可以使初級法院的裁決成為先例，或者指導其他州的法律的執行。
  16. A landmark decision that set a legal precedent

    確立了法律判例的里程碑式的決定
  17. This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in china wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following : first, under the condition that there is a distance of time between inj ury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation ; the second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries ; the third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation

    本文重點探討的就是公民生命權受到侵害、健康權受到侵害、 「死者人格」受到侵害這三種情形下的受害人近親屬的精神損害賠償請求權問題。探討以介紹和比較國外相關法律規定和學術理論為前提，結合我國的實際情況，從理論與實踐相結合的角度對以上各問題分別進行了分析，並提出了作者自己的一些見解：第一、在公民從受傷害到死亡有一段時間距離的情形下，死者的近親屬除依法享有其固有的精神損害賠償請求權以外，還可以繼承死者生前就其所受之精神損害而享有的精神損害賠償請求權；第二、在加害人的行為已造成直接受害人殘疾，或者是造成其健康嚴重受損的其他後果的情形下，我國應在借鑒國外已有立法和判例的基礎上，賦予一定范圍內的受害人近親屬以精神損害賠償請求權；第三、法律保護死者人格不受侵害的目的是為了保護死者近親屬的利益和維護公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近親屬能證明其訴訟主體的合法性，能夠證實侵害「死者人格」的行為已構成侵權，即可推定死者近親屬因此而遭受了精神痛苦? ?無須舉證的「名義上的精神損害」 ，死者近親屬即可提起精神損害賠償之訴。最後，本文認為，加強對受害人近親屬的權利和利益保護問題的研究，既有一定的必要性，同時又具有十分重要的現實意義。
  18. The argumentation for the legal validity of inductive reasoning in case - law

    歸納法在判例主義法律推理中的有效性與論證
  19. Case - law is a kind of law while cases are only the materials of which case - law is made

    摘要判例法是一種法律，判例只是提煉形成判例法的原材料。
  20. This paper includes the following two main parts : to explicate validity on the contract benefited to the third party by analyzing regulations and case - laws ; from philosophy of law to reveal the reasons why the parties and the third party consciously perform the contract and why rules can force them to perform the contract. then on the basis of theoretical analysis mentioned above this paper provides some suggestions of legislation on the contract benefited to the third party

    本文旨在通過對各國立法和判例的分析來闡述為第三人利益合同所具有的效力內涵；並從法哲學的角度來探究當事人、第三人為什麼會自覺遵守該合同和為什麼法律會強制他們遵守該合同等有關效力根源的問題；進而在理論分析的基礎上，對我國的為第三人利益合同制度提出相關的立法建議。
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