法律程序文件 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fǎlǜchéngxùwénjiàn]
法律程序文件 英文
court process
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 律 : Ⅰ名1 （法律; 規則） law; rule; statute; regulation 2 （律詩的簡稱） short for lüshi 3 （姓氏） a ...
  • 程 : 名詞1 （規章; 法式） rule; regulation 2 （進度; 程序） order; procedure 3 （路途; 一段路） journe...
  • 文 : Ⅰ名詞1 （字） character; script; writing 2 （文字） language 3 （文章） literary composition; wri...
  • 件 : Ⅰ量詞（用於個體事物） piece; article; item Ⅱ名詞1. （指可以一一計算的事物） 2. （文件） letter; correspondence; paper; document
  • 法律 : law; statute法律保護 legal protection; 法律程序 legal procedure; 法律承認 de jure recognition （...
  • 程序 : 1 （進行次序） order; procedure; course; sequence; schedule; ground rule; routing process 2 [自動...
  • 文件 : 1 （公文、信件等） document; file; papers; instrument 2 [自動化] file; 文件保護 file protection; ...
  1. In this paper, ackerman steering linkage of double - wishbone suspension is taken as the study object, choosing the splitting joint and steering lever joint to carry out the design of optimization the mathematics models are established based on the multi - body system dynamics, applying its analysis method of kinematics to study the mechanism kinetic principles owing to more spatial factors considered, and calling off many hypotheses affecting the accuracy, compared with the traditional methods, the models are better to reflect the realistic motion principles, the results are more exact and applicable moreover, the force analysis is applied to the conduct mechanism the analysis method of dynamics in the multi - body dynamics is applied to study the forces applied on every component, working out the constraint reaction force of up and down ball joints, and developing the current computation program in the end, produce the upper wishbone geometry model in the ansys software package, meshing and carrying out the fea, testifying if the intensity of the wishbone meet with the requirements

    本文以雙橫臂獨立懸架的轉向傳動機構作為研究對象，選擇對斷開點和節臂球銷的位置進行優化設計，在此基礎上建立了基於多體系統動力學的導向機構和轉向傳動機構的數學模型，運用該學科的運動學分析方法研究機構的運動規律，編制了通用優化設計軟體。由於考慮了更多的空間因素，取消許多影響準確性的假設，因此建立的數學模型與傳統的方法相比更能反映實際運動規律，得到的優化結果也更加精確實用。此外，本文還針對導向機構進行受力分析，在建立該機構的空間動力學模型后，運用多體動力學中的動力學分析方法研究各個桿件的受力，計算出上下球鉸的約束反力，並開發出了相應的通用計算程序。
  2. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  3. He had to go through the usual rigmarole of signing legal papers in order to complete the business deal

    為了達成這筆交易，他不得不一一通過通常的簽署法律文件的繁瑣程序。
  4. Maintains and updates staff records, legal documents, policies and procedures and other personnel matters

    管理和更新員工的檔案、法律法規文件、規章制度與工作程序，以及其它人事文件。
  5. Consultation paper on " the procedure governing the admissibility of confession statements in criminal proceedings

    在刑事法律程序中有關供認陳述的可接納性的規管程序的諮詢文件
  6. I also summarized briefly the qualifications for tender agency, factors which would block the development of tender agents and the countermeasures, a nd anticipated the foreground of its development in water conservancy systems of hebei province, and then, i advanced my suggestion on the standardization of tendering and bidding procedures in the relevant projects ; i also analyzed the insufficiencies of decision - making system, documents study and circumstances research in the tenders. at the same time, i introduced the skills and strategies in the tendering and bidding, and advanced my analysis results and suggestions. through the introduction of the procedure from opening to evaluating and deciding the tenders, and the scores registration method on evaluating tenders, i pointed out the status quo and main problems occurred in the tendering and bidding in the construction of water conservancy projects in hebei province, and put forward my suggestion on the system of opening, evaluating and deciding of tender in the projects

    在對招標人、招標代理機構和招標過程的法律規定與分析后，指出河北省水利工程建設招標人和河北省工程建設招標代理機構的現狀及存在問題，提出了市場經濟條件下，最合理的招標組織形式為招標代理，並簡述了招標代理機構的資格要求、河北省水利工程建設管理機制中阻礙招標代理機構順利發展因素及對策，預測了招標代理制度在河北省水利系統的發展前景，對進一步規范河北省水利工程招標活動提出建議；對投標過程中存在的投標決策、招標文件研究、投標環境調查不足之處進行了分析，同時介紹了河北省水利工程建設投標報價技巧及策略，對河北省水利工程投標活動現狀及存在問題提出規范化的分析和建議；通過對水利工程開標、評標、定標運行程序和河北省水利工程評標計分辦法的介紹，指出了河北省水利工程建設招標投標定標運行的現狀和存在的問題，提出了河北省水利工程建設開標、評標、定標運行體系的建議。
  7. Based on the previous parts, part five discusses the problems and limitations existing in our legal system of company establishing registration in terms of lawmaking form, value tropism and the content of relevant law literature. it puts forth suggestions of how to perfect our legal system of company establishing registration, which include that company establishing lawmaking adopt systematic lawmaking model in choosing lawmaking style in order to systematize the lawmaking of company establishing registration ; more emphasis should go to benefits when value tropism is decided upon, though safety should also be stressed ; with respect to the building of concrete systems, with a view to the value tropism of company establishing registration and the practice of our lawmaking of company registration, we reinforce the responsibilities of registering administrations, improve registering procedures and company title registration, strengthen the management of registering books and related documents and improve the system of handling lawsuit connected with registration

    第五部分，在前文基礎上，就我國公司設立登記法律制度在立法形式、價值取向、相關法律文件的內容等方面存在的問題和缺陷進行探討，並提出完善我國公司設立登記法律制度的建議：在立法體例的選擇方面，公司登記立法應採取系統化立法模式，以期達到公司設立登記立法的系統化目的；在價值取向的選擇方面，在注重安全的同時，更應突出效益；在具體制度的構建方面，要緊緊圍繞公司設立登記法律制度的價值取向，結合我國公司登記立法和登記工作實踐，加強對登記機關的職責規制、完善登記程序和公司名稱登記制度、登記簿和相關文件的管理使用制度，以及與登記有關的爭訴處理制度。
  8. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  9. Theory research based on overrelaxation : according to electromagnetic theory fundamental equation, boundary condition is analyzed, iterative formula is deduced, overrelaxation factor is selected and calculation program is composed. through calculation on varied parameter, a group of suitable parameter is found out. in the third chapter : the conclusion of theory research is verified through experiment

    理論研究使用超鬆弛迭代法：根據麥克斯韋電磁理論基本方程，建立了磁場浙江大學博士學位論文：行程傳感液壓缸基礎技術的研究分析數學模型，分析了邊界條件，推導了迭代公式，確定了鬆弛因子，編制了運算程序，通過對不同參數的試算，找到了一組有規律參數之間的關系。
  10. Although improvements on the stockholders ’ right to know had been made in the amendment of company law 2005, the relevant provisions still seem too simple and insufficient for carrying out. thus, supplements based on foreign successful legislative experience are necessary. this article holds that, due to lack of personnel and the cost of institution formation, we had better not entitle stockholders the right to ask for outsiders as inspectors at present ; because of the insufficiency in the rules of the right of

    本文認為，由於人才的匱乏及制度建設的成本，我國現階段還不宜引進檢查人選任請求權制度;鑒于現行公司法對股東質詢權制度尚付闕如，而質詢權的行使對于股東大會議決功能的充分發揮意義甚大，建議我國立法予以承認，詳細規定股東質詢權行使的條件、場合、目的性限制及救濟程序;股東帳簿查閱權雖然日趨完善，但仍需擴大股東查閱權的范圍、明確權利行使的條件、規定權利的邊界並落實具體的法律救濟程序。
  11. Dsm roots itself in deep juristic soil whose key document is the understanding on rules and procedures governing the settlement of dispute of the uruguay round ( dsu )

    爭端解決機制與嚴謹的法律基礎密切相關，而爭端解決機制的核心文件和主要依據就是烏拉圭回合《關于爭端解決程序與規則的諒解》 。
  12. Authentication or legalization is the procedure by which the authority of persons who issue or execute documents in one country may be recognized by another country

    認證程序認證及法律認可程序的目的，是確保有關人士於一個國家所簽發的文件效力，在另一個國家獲得確認。
  13. Process of execution

    執行法律程序文件
  14. Service of process

    送達法律程序文件
  15. If 2 or more persons are defendants to a claim, as partners or otherwise, a process may be served on any of them and an award may be obtained and execution issued against any person so served notwithstanding that any other persons jointly liable may not have been served or been a party or may not be within the jurisdiction of the board

    如有2名或以上的人以合伙人或其它身分而屬同一宗申索的被告人?法律程序文件可送達予其中任何一人?而判定該收件人敗訴的裁定可由申索人獲得?執行程序亦可向該受件人進行?即使任何其它共同有責的人可能未獲得送達法律程序文件?或不屬當事人?或不在仲裁處的司法管轄權范圍內?均無例外。
  16. 19. mutual legal assistance concerns the use of legal process to gather evidence in another jurisdiction. particularly relevant are the obtaining of depositions from witnesses and the production of documentary records, including data that may be stored on computers

    19 .相互法律協助表示利用司法程序，在其他司法管轄區搜集證據，特別是指向證人錄取供詞及編制文件記錄包括可能用電腦儲存的資料。
  17. America ' s e - sign act of 2000 officially defined “ signature ” as any “ sound, symbol or process ” that is logically associated with a document, a person and an intent, and most other countries have passed similar laws

    美國2000年電子簽名法正式將「簽名」定義為與文件、個人與意向有邏輯聯系的任何「聲音、符號或程序」 ，許多國家也通過了類似的法律。
  18. This article reckons that " procedural constitution " has gone through a gradual evolution from " constitution declaration " to " substantive constitution ". and meanwhile a well - rounded procedural constitution is supposed to possess at least one of three basic requisites in its clauses as follows : 1st the clauses of " procedure of legitimate law " that plays as an abstract framework in constitution ; 2nd, the six sorts of substantive procedural clauses regulating the establishment, revision, interpretation and protection of constitution, the ensurance of civil rights, the generation of state agencies and their power operation ; 3r, the matrix procedural clauses reflecting the power relation and right relation in constitution

    文中認為「程序憲法」是由「宣言憲法」經「實體憲法」一步步發展而來的，作為一部成熟的程序憲法，它在程序條款方面至少應該具備下列三個基本條件：一、在憲法中規定有抽象的起總綱性作用的「正當法律程序」條款；二、在憲法中最起碼規定有立憲、修憲、釋憲、護憲、公民權利保障、國家機關產生及權力運行這六類本體程序條款；三、在憲法中規定有反映權力關系、權利關系的母體程序條款。
  19. In the second chapter, firstly the author refers to the custody system in foreign countries, elaborates the different custody pattern in the two main legal systems and analyses the custody system comprehensively in the view of the main body, the procedure, the condition, the time limit and remediation. on this, the article summaries the common features and the individuality of the western arrest legal system and makes a further comparison with our arrest system in the main body, the procedure, the condition, the time limit and the flow

    在第二章中，本文首先對外國羈押制度做了一定的概述，分別闡述了大陸法系及英美法系法系主要代表國家的羈押制度模式，並從主體、程序、條件、時限、救濟五個大類進行了全面分析。在第三章中，本文全面分析了當前我國逮捕制度下存在的問題，並從立法和司法角度分別分析了在法律規定及司法實踐中，我國逮捕制度的現實缺陷和潛在缺陷，並從主體、程序、條件、時限、救濟分別闡述了各自領域的問題。
  20. The issues of principle and legislative process have been set out in a paper tabled at the meeting of the legislative council panel on constitutional affairs on january 14, 2004

    這些原則和法律程序問題已載於二四年一月十四日向立法會政制事務委員會提交的文件中。
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