法線入射點 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [fǎxiànrùshèdiǎn]
法線入射點 英文
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  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 線 : 名詞1 （用絲、棉、金屬等製成的細長的東西） thread; string; wire 2 [數學] （一個點任意移動所構成的...
  • 入 : Ⅰ動詞1 （進來或進去） enter 2 （參加） join; be admitted into; become a member of 3 （合乎） conf...
  • 射 : Ⅰ動詞1 （用推力或彈力送出） shoot; fire 2 （液體受到壓力迅速擠出） discharge in a jet 3 （放出） ...
  • 點 : Ⅰ名詞1 （液體的小滴） drop （of liquid） 2 （細小的痕跡） spot; dot; speck 3 （漢字的筆畫「、」）...
  1. By the methods of epn ( electronic probing needle ) 、 sem and xed, the formation mechanisms of the wear - resistant composite layer are studied, the results indicated that, molten iron has infiltrated into the alloying layer under capillary action. this caused ht powder, whose fusion point is low relatively, to be surperheated and formed a surface composite layer

    利用電子顯微鏡及x射線衍射等試驗方法，研究了復合層形成機理，研究表明，復合層是在毛細力作用下，鐵液被吸入合金層中，致使低熔點ht粉過熱熔化而形成的，並與母材是冶金結合。
  2. With the use of finite method we have developed computer simulation software for vacuum microtriodes with wedge - shaped and cone - shaped cathode on the basis of stduying deeply the field emission theory of vacuum microelectronics. the software included field section, grid point numbering, and the calculation of electric currents, transconductance and cathode capacitance, moreover, it can simulate the properties of vacuum microeletronic with variant structures and sizes. the relationship was studied and simulated among electic properties and device structures, sizes and cathode materials etc. the optimized design of vacuum microtiode was proposed

    本文在深入研究真空微電子器件場致發射理論的基礎上，根據圓錐形、楔形陰極真空微電子三極體的不同特點，分別建立了物理和數學模型，在考慮空間電荷密度影響的前提下，以有限元法為基礎採用迭代的方法計算出真空微電子三極體內的電勢分佈情況，繪制出了等勢線、電子軌跡線，並得到了器件電學性能隨幾何參數的變化情況。
  3. Because color isochromatic fringes appear in the stress model based on a plane polariscope in white light, we studied the problems systematically by a digital camera as image inputting device, digital image processing technique and bp artificial neural network. based on the work that has been reported before, a technique named five - step color phase shifting technique ( fcpst ) to acquire single isoclinics is presented

    根據白光入射時應力模型在偏振儀光學系統中的等色線條紋是彩色的特點，本論文採用彩色數碼相機作為數據採集與輸入設備，結合彩色信息圖像處理和bp神經網路等新技術，對上述兩個難題進行了系統的研究，獲得以下成果：在綜合前人工作的基礎上，提出獲得全場單純的等傾角相圖的五步彩色相移法。
  4. Considering the nonuniqueness and instability of ultrasonic computerized tomography for structural concrete as well as the ultrasonic transmission characteristics in concrete, a natural weight matrix with dear physical meaning was introduced in the inverse algorithm

    摘要針對混凝土超聲波層析成像結果不唯一和穩定性差的問題，首先依據超聲波在混凝土中的傳播特點，在反演演算法中引入物理意義明確的自然權矩陣，對走時較小的射線和射線較密的成像單元加以重權。
  5. Based on the original data of tm in 1988, 1992 and 1998, then after some processing and analysis, the author have the thematic data of land - use by interpretation. on the basis of them, the author made the analysis of land - use for this area based on the spacial analysis of gis and the method of comparison between result of land - use classification as follows : the method of aggregating analysis, the analysis of urbanization, the analysis of the transformation rate of cultivated land, the analysis of the driving force of land - use change and the sustainable use of land. the conclusions may be demonstrated below : the cultivated land decreases with the patchs fragment ; road spreads radialy surround second - ring road ; the urban land expands quickly toward southwest along the major roads and be concentrative. rural land and industry increse rapidly with dispersing ; 0thers change slowly. the major driving forces of land - use change in this area are the rapid expansion of urban and rapid growth of population, foreign investment and the development of tertiary industry which was based upon the real estate. according the trendency of land - use change, the author consider that we must insist on the way of the sustainable use of land based on protecting the cultivated land

    在此基礎上，應用分類結果比較法，在gis各種空間分析功能（幾何量算、統計分析、疊加分析及緩沖區分析）的支持下，對該區土地利用變化進行了如下分析：土地利用綜合分析、城市化進程分析、耕地轉化率分析、土地利用變化因素分析及土地的可持續利用分析。結果表明：該區土地利用變化主要表現為耕地大量減少，斑塊破碎化；交通用地沿二環線呈放射狀向四周擴展；城鎮用地沿交通干線向西南方向擴張迅速，用地趨于集中；農村居民點和工礦業用地增加，用地趨于分散；其它用地變化較慢。這一用地變化的主導因素是城鎮用地擴展快、人口增長迅速、外資的大量投入及以房地產為主的第三產業的快速發展。
  6. While carrying out the scheme, at first, the basic theory of antenna, array antenna and electromagnetic absorption, the performance parameter of antenna and parabolic antenna are deeply researched. in conformity, the characteristic and calculation of aperture field and near - to - far - field transformation for radiation pattern are detailed analyzed. second, the factors such as, the amount of the antenna elements, mutual coupling between each element, ground and the buildings on earth ' s surface, which affect the performance of array antennas ’ resultant field are stressed discussed

    在系統實現過程中，課題首先從天線、陣列天線，以及電磁場計算方法的基本理論著手，分析了天線與拋物面天線的各項性能參數，以及天線的口面場和近-遠區輻射場的特點和計算;進而，更加深入的討論和研究影響天線陣列合成場強的各項因素，包括系統所使用的天線單元個數對陣列合成場的影響、天線單元之間由於互耦造成的影響、傳播過程中地面和/或地面建築物的影響等。
  7. ( 3 ) the author applied wavelet analysis in the data processing of airborne radioactive survey, and analyzed the effect of wavelet used in spectrum data processing, line data processing and region data processing. the author had proved that the wavelet used in spectrum data processing can gain more true and more ideal information than traditional data processing method, and can accurately identify information which is beyond main energy windows by practice data. the author considered it is effective to extract abnormal information when the wavelet used in line data processing, and it is effective to eliminate the belt of airborne radioactive survey data when the wavelet used in region data processing

    有效的融合了遙感航測信息，提高了工作效率； （ 2 ）根據光學有關物理性質，製作的模擬反射率圖，囊括了tm數據七個波段的信息，使得圖像質量、地物解析度得到了提高； （ 3 ）在航放數據處理過程中引入了小波分析，系統分析了小波在處理單點數據、測線數據、測區數據的應用效果；用試驗數據證明了小波處理單點數據可得到較傳統數據處理方法更為真實、理想的譜數據，能準確的識別主能量窗以外的信息；認為處理線數據，可以提取埋藏於噪音中的異常信息；處理測區數據，對消除航放數據的條帶有一定的效果。
  8. Secondly, we introduce the recurrence definition of the non - uniform algebraic - hyperbolic b - spline basis using divided differences and the de boor - fix recurrence definition on polynomial functions, and based on the new forms, algebraic - hyperbolic b - spline curves are obtained. they share most of the properties as those of the b - spline curves in the polynomial space. we focus on deducing the calculating and knot inserting formulae for this new kind of curves and then prove that they have the variation diminishing properties

    二、利用廣義差商，基於多項式b樣條的deboor - fix遞推定義，給出了任意階非均勻代數雙曲b樣條的遞推定義，由此構造麯線，證明它的幾何不變性、仿射不變性、凸包性、 v . d .性等，重點給出了非均勻代數雙曲b樣條曲線的遞歸求值和節點插入演算法，演算法簡單且穩定，便於在計算機上實現
  9. Directly painting textures on top of 3d objects in 3d perspective viewport is a new issue of human - computer interface ( hci ). this paper presents a method to solve this issue. it converts the position information of the texture pixels of texture map into color information ， and then transfers both the coordinates and the color of texture pixels into screen through texture mapping at the same time. only is the color information of texture pixels converted into illumination by calculating the normal and the angle of ray incidence of the screen pixel in the method. the texture coordinates are firstly converted into the color information by generating another texture map ， which is called information map whose pixels ' color represents the coordinates information. and then the corresponding texture coordinates are mapped into screen reference frame by texture mapping and stored into information buffer for later use. so we can obtain the texture coordinates of screen pixels correspondingly by decoding from information buffer. after optimizing ， we can paint textures on top of 3d objects in 3d perspective viewport in real time. the paper also gives some examples and related definitions of using additional information of 2d texture map for 3d graph generating

    針對三維逶視投影視圖中對三維物體表面紋理直接進行噴繪，以獲得復雜紋理圖這一計算機圖形交互技術這一新問題，研究了一種將紋理圖的象素位置信息轉換成彩色信息，然後利用紋理映射將紋理坐標連同該點上的顏色值一起傳遞到與屏幕象素對應的可見點上的方法，其中顏色值依該點處的入射光線方向和表面法向被進一步轉換為光強值，而紋理坐標則被解碼后還原成與該可見點對應的紋理坐標，被存入信息緩沖器中，供以後使用，通過解碼，可根據屏幕點直接得到對應紋理象素點的坐標，經過演算法優化，實現了對三維物體表面紋理的實時噴繪；同時闡述了在三維圖象生成技術中使用附加紋理信息的應用實例以及相關定義
  10. As a result of the heightening of mechanical operation speed and the application of new materials and new structures, the nonlinear dynamic behavior in rotating machines is becoming increasingly outstanding and important. nonlinear dynamic phenomena in rotating machines cant be described, explained and predicted by rotordynamics based on linear system theory. along with the deepening and permeating of nonlinear scientific research, the nonlinear vibration of rotor systems has become an attractive field in recent years. from a point of view to set up the distinct corresponding relations between vibration states and failures of rotating machines, main advances in the research of rotor nonlinear vibration are summarized, and typical nonlinear dynamic phenomena and their forming mechanism are also summed up in the paper. the aim of the paper is to enrich the diagnostic knowledge base of rotating machines. 55refs

    由於機械運轉速度的不斷提高和新型材料、新型結構的推廣應用，旋轉機械的非線性動力學行為日顯突出和重要.基於線性系統原理的轉子動力學理論與方法難以對實踐中出現的豐富的非線性動力學現象作出準確的描述、闡釋和預測.近年來，隨著非線性科學研究的深入和滲透，轉子系統非線性振動已成為應用力學和機械工程領域的研究熱點之一.從有利於建立旋轉機械振動狀態集與故障集之間的映射關系出發，綜述了近年來轉子系統非線性振動研究的主要進展，總結了轉子系統中出現的典型非線性動力現象及其產生機理，目的在於豐富旋轉機械故障診斷知識庫.參55
  11. For bilateral symmetry objects, the techniques on symmetry - point detection and symmetry - axis extraction are presented based on harmonic conjugation relationship. for rotated symmetry objects, the techniques on rotated units description and rotated symmetry center extraction are presented based on center invariants of objects. further more, by using 3d invariants and 2d projective transformation, an approach to recover shape from part symmetry objects is realized on some conditions

    （ 3 ）深入分析了2d對稱性目標透視成像的幾何特點，將共點四線交比用於目標輪廓上的關鍵點的特性描述中；利用調和共軛關系，提出了一種針對左右對稱型目標的對稱點檢測和對稱軸提取的演算法；利用交比關系構造了目標的形心不變量，提出了一種針對旋轉對稱型目標的旋轉對稱單元判定、旋轉中心提取的演算法；進一步利用3d不變量和2d射影變換，實現了一定條件下的對稱性目標的形狀恢復技術。
  12. The algorithm only needs to solve an ill - posed linear system and a well - posed minimization problem and requires only the knowledge of the near field measurements of the scattered fields due to point source fields at a finite number of incidence and observation points distributed over a limited aperture

    該演算法只需求解一個不適定的線性系和一個適定的非線性最小化問題，而且只需要點源入射場的散射場在某個有限孔徑中若干有限個入射和測量點上的近場測量信息。
  13. He explains why microwaves cook fish well and meat poorly ( they heat only water molecules, and those to just below boiling : in other words, they poach, producing succulent fish but bland meat ) ; why one should dress a salad just before serving ( oil penetrates the thin waxy cuticle that coats vegetables, driving out the air that refracts light and gives vegetables their colour ) ; why potatoes are the perfect food to deep - fry ( a wealth of starch and sugar on the surface ) ; and why the easiest way to salvage curdled mayonnaise is to wait until the oil separates completely, then just pour it back in, whisking constantly

    他解釋了很多廚房內的問題，為什麼用微波爐烹飪出的魚味鮮色美，而做出的肉卻難以下咽（微波爐只對水分子有加熱的作用，而加熱的程度僅低於沸點：換言之，這是一種用熱水煮的過程，所以烹飪出的魚會多汁，而肉卻味道一般） ；為什麼僅在上菜之前的那一刻才給沙拉添加拌料（因為油會浸入保護蔬菜的薄弱表層，並迫使蔬菜內含有的對光線有折射作用的空氣，這樣蔬菜就具有了最本質的顏色） ；土豆為什麼通過油炸才味道最佳（因為油炸過程中，大量的澱粉與糖份會浮出到土豆的表面） ；以及為什麼給蛋黃醬解凍的最簡便的方法是先把醬倒出來，等內含的油完全分離之後，然後把醬倒回瓶子里，再不停地攪拌。
  14. In this paper, the definitions of soil macropore and macropore flow, their types, characteristics, generation mechanisms, and experimental methods in laboratory and field were introduced, and the research progress in their determination techniques, including dye tracing, slice up penetration curve, tension infiltration apparatus, x - ray ct scanning, and radar exploration were summarized

    摘要介紹了大孔隙及大孔隙流的定義、多種表現形式及其重要特徵、產生機理和室內外實驗研究概況，以及染色示蹤、切片、穿透曲線、張力入滲儀、 x射線ct掃描攝像和雷達探測等方法的研究進展，揭示這些實驗方法的優點與存在的問題。
  15. The reflection vector is computed from the input vertex position and normal vector

    反射向量是從輸入頂點位置和法線向量計算出來的。
  16. By analyzing the refraction 、 reflection process of fault transient current traveling wave of high voltage and characteristics of refraction 、 reflection coefficient systematically, a new fault location method of single ended traveling wave is presented. it can not only identify the reflection wave for fault location efficiently, but also not be affected by the structure and length of line. fault earthed resistance 、 fault type 、 system impedance and can locate fault in adjacent areas accurately

    論文深入地分析了高壓線路故障暫態電流行波的波折、反射過程以及折、反射系數的特點，提出了新的單端行波故障測距方法，它不僅能夠有效地識別出測距所用的反射波，而且幾乎不受線路結構、長短、故障接地電阻、故障類型、系統阻抗的影響，在近區仍可以準確地進行測距；同時模擬阻波器的特徵，設計了低通數字濾波器，對通過了低通數字濾波器的暫態故障電流行波再次進行小波分析，並利用本文提出的單端行波故障測距方法進行故障定位，結論是所提出的測距方法在實際應用中仍是有效的。
  17. Then taken four kinds of maps for examples, comparing with m - sequence, their properties are calculated, verifying the advantages of the chaotic sequence generated by the new method. after this, an improved scheme is discussed - - using m - sequence to change the sequence ’ s turn and verifying that the permutation parameters have effect on improving the sequence ’ s properties. in chapter 5, monte carlo simulation method is used to test performances of our sequences ’ applications in the given model of direct spread spectrum cdma system, and results of error rate of the system are given ; the comparing resuls of performances of anti - multi - access interference and anti - multi - address interference of different pn sequence is also shown in this thesis

    本文首先對擴頻通信中常用二進制偽隨機序列的產生方法、性能特點進行了總結，指出了現有二進制偽隨機序列的應用局限性;其次，根據混沌非線性系統特徵，深入研究了混沌數字序列的產生方法;在此基礎上，提出了一種新的產生方法中間抽取法，然後，以四種混沌映射系統為例，對其所產生的混沌數字序列進行了偽隨機特性實驗數據分析，並與m序列進行比較，結果說明了混沌數字序列代替傳統擴頻序列的優點，同時驗證了新方法的可行性。
  18. The several ones that have more lager sensitivity to embankment settlement are found out. then, aimed at the traditional three - layer bp network ' s shortages : easily getting into local minimum value and slow convergence, the modification combined momentum method with self - adaptation study velocity is made, and one improved bp network is put forward. finally, according to the results from above sensitivity analyses, the nonlinear model main parameters of each natural layer in roadbed are approximately rectified using the improved bp network technology founded on its stronger nonlinear mapping capacity and the settlement measurements

    採用非線性有限元程序，對鄧肯-張模型中8個參數與路堤沉降的關系進行了詳細分析，找到了影響沉降的主要參數；接著，針對傳統的三層bp網路具有收斂速度慢、易陷入局部極小點等不足，對其進行了修正，提出了改進的bp神經網路模型；最後，根據上述靈敏度分析結果，基於改進的bp網路模型較強的非線性映射能力和前期沉降實測資料，對路基中各天然土層的非線性模型主要參數進行了反分析修正； （ 4 ）路堤沉降計算一維法中考慮應力歷史、側向變形的研究。
  19. Second, a parallel adaptive ray - casting algorithm for graphic rendering of cfi is developed. in the computational model of cfi, the line - of - sight integration is difficult to obtain for 3d complicated flow field, because curvilinear grids, multizone curvilinear grids, and other irregular grids that are commonly used in computational fluid dynamics ( cfd ) present interesting challenges, such as the complex shapes of cell regions defined by grid points ; the wide variation in the sizes of cells in different regions of the grid ; and the intersecting or overlapping nature of multi - grids. the parallel adaptive ray - casting algorithm is extremely efficient to solve these problems

    并行自適應光線投射法繼承了光線投射法適合於任何形式網格的優點；光線與計算網格的交點自適應地反映了原來網格點物理量的分佈，能夠與數值計算的精度保持一致；圖像平面的自適應演算法使我們不必從每一個像素發出射線，既提高了光線投射法的計算效率，同時又保證重采樣后激波這樣的高頻信息不會損失；將并行處理技術引入計算光學流動圖像生成過程，解決了大規模數值模擬結果的處理對計算速度和內存容量的需求。
  20. A new method to determine the structure of sofm neural networks is put forward. singular values decomposition ( svd ) is performed on competitive layer ' s output. based on the distribution of the singular values, the number of neural nodes of competitive layer is chose

    將奇異值分解法引入自組織特徵映射（ sofm ）神經網路，壓縮線性相關部分，刪除冗餘節點，以確定sofm網路的合理分類數，豐富了sofm網路的無師特性。
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