災害經濟學 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zāihàijīngjìxué]
災害經濟學 英文
natural disasters from the economic point of view
  • 災 : 名詞1. （災害） disaster; calamity 2. （個人的不幸） personal misfortune; adversity; unluckiness
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 學 : Ⅰ動詞1 （學習） study; learn 2 （模仿） imitate; mimic Ⅱ名詞1 （學問） learning; knowledge 2 （學...
  • 災害 : damage; disaster; fatality; calamity
  • 經濟學 : ba economics
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  1. Submersed land area including different utilizing type by sea water are calculated and the potential economic loss and population affected by the submerged disaster are assessed for no defence ， different sea - level rise and high water level. furthermore, special topic maps of fatalness of sea level rise, vulnerability of land system, socio - economic and ecological vulnerability, and defending ability are produced. the following results are combined with the basic study cell based on area source model following mathematical models of risk evaluation, considered of defence or no defence

    運用海平面上升災害危險性、土地系統易損性、社會生態經濟易損性和抗災能力的數學模型，在mapinfo軟體下運行，得到該區上述四種評估因子的專題圖；並分別按照考慮抗災能力以及不考慮抗災能力兩種情況，用海平面上升災害風險評估模型融合各因子，得到遼河三角洲（盤錦市）海平面上升災害綜合風險評估圖。
  2. The essay point out that the study is necessary important to not only the development of modern economy but also to practice of reducing disaster, and further more, it is of great theoretical value, which is suggestible to overcome the narrow scope and shortcomings of traditional economic theory of growth

    指出災害經濟研究不僅是當代經濟發展與減災實踐的必然要求，而且有助於克服傳統經濟增長理論的狹隘性和不足之處，完善經濟學的研究目標，豐富經濟學的學科體系，具有重要的理論價值。
  3. Therefore, studying the relationship between economic development and reducing and preventing disasters is of momentous current and far - reaching significance

    因此，開展災害經濟研究，從災害經濟學的角度來研究我國的經濟發展與減災防災問題，具有現實和長遠的實踐意義。
  4. Sparedescription : based on the author s research and information from the usa and japan, the development trend of flood control and disaster mitigation in economically developed countries is introduced, including the follow aspects : flood risk management, floodplain management, flood control standard, city rainfall flood storage, levee construction technology, public participation, flood insurance, management of storage and detention zones, flood control investment, study on flood control and disaster mitigation, and formulation of related laws and regulations

    描述:根據美、日等國最新文件和資料，結合作者多年的研究，簡明地介紹經濟發達國家在防洪減災方面的最新發展趨勢.內容涉及洪水災害風險管理、泛濫原管理、防洪標準、城市雨洪調蓄、堤防建設技術、公眾參與、洪水保險、蓄滯洪區管理、防洪投入、防洪減災科學研究、法規建設等諸多內容
  5. It can provide scientific basis for managing and controlling the geologic hazard in shaanxi and reduce economic loss

    該系統可為陜西省地質災害的管理和防治提供科學依據，減少經濟損失。
  6. Based on the introduction of the regional geological background of southern yuan of jingyang and the physical - mechanical properties of the loess, the following contents including time - spatial distribution characteristics of the loess landslide, formation mechanism, environmental evaluation of yuan edge, economic assessment of hazard losses, stability judgment of the slope and prevention - cure measurements are discussed in this thesis

    本論文在簡述了涇陽南塬區域地質環境和土體物理力學性質的基礎上著重論述了區內黃土滑坡時空分佈特徵、形成原因、塬邊斜坡環境演化過程、災害損失經濟評價、邊坡穩定性區劃以及黃土滑坡災害防治措施等幾個方面的內容。
  7. ( 3 ) the idea suggested in this paper of converting flood into utilizable resource 、 attempering flood by engineering means and supervising human behaviors in the flooded area. to overcome the various barriers arising from ideology 、 systems 、 technology and economy which the establishment of risk management system of flood will be confronted with, this paper also suggests a statistical approach to estimate extremum and the concept of gray - uncertainty risk in figuring flood risk and analyses the severe harmfulness of accidents of extremum risk, furthermore, supplements and perfects present quantity - analyzing method of risk loss

    3 、本文提出洪水資源化的觀念，以工程手段對洪水進行調節，以法律、行政、經濟、教育等綜合性的手段對人類在洪泛區中的行為進行管理，是削弱洪水的危害性、減輕洪水風險的有效方式，提高的防洪安全保障需求，實行洪水風險管理是必由之路。洪水風險管理體制的建立必然面臨觀念方面、體制方面、技術方面與經濟方面的重重障礙，並提出洪災風險評價的極值統計學方法和灰色-隨機風險率的概念，建立了其表達形式與計算方法，它完善了現有的風險損失量化方法。
  8. Economic analysis on the control benefits of fujian forest disasters

    福建省森林災害防治效益的經濟學分析
  9. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  10. As for the direct economic losses, it is easier to quantitative analysis, the researchers adopt usually the market valuation ; as for the indirect economic losses, the researchers usually have the aid of the input - output method of the complete wastage coefficient of input - output ; as for the disaster relief losses, the researchers usually adopt the investigation method to quantitatively calculate the input expenditure of preventing drought, and make use of shade price of economics to quantitatively calculate the investment premium losses

    對于直接經濟損失的定量較容易確定，採用市場價格法;對于間接經濟損失的定量，借用了投入產出完全消耗系數的投入產出法;對于災害救援損失的定量，其中的抗早投入費用採用統計調查法，而投資溢價損失移用經濟學中的影子價格來計算。
  11. Up to now, economic is regarded as a subject which study economic growth and development in the economic circles, which is lack of thorough and systemic researches on reduction of value such as negative growth, negative development and so on

    從經濟學界來看，迄今為止，經濟學仍被認為是探求經濟增長與發展的學科，經濟學界對類似於災害引起的經濟負增長或負發展等減值經濟現象尚缺乏深入系統的研究。
  12. To prevent flood, adopting non - project measures is feasible and efficient marching measures in recent years in most of counties, adequately utilizing modern science and technology such as computer, information processing, net and communication, system emulation, artificial intelligence and so on to build system that can automatically survey and forecast water information, now plays a important role in grasping the information of rainfall, water and project, in making and selecting preliminary draft of flood control and dispatch, which can greatly raises the efficiency and flexibility of flood control, and has important realistic significance and social economic benefits in minimizing flood disaster

    充分利用現代科學技術，如計算機、信息處理、網路和通訊、系統模擬、人工智慧等技術，建立水情自動測報系統，對雨、水、工情的掌握，防洪調度預案的制定、選擇和實施都有重要的使用價值，可以大大提高防洪工程措施的防洪效能和防汛調度的靈活性，對減少洪水災害具有重要的現實意義和社會經濟效益。鬱江洪水預報與調度系統內容豐富，主要有： 1 、系統設計； 2 、系統洪水預報模型； 3 、系統實時校正模型； 4 、系統河道洪水演進模型； 5 、系統水庫調度模型。
  13. It is advisable to use non - engineering measures as supplementary approaches for flood control. without doubt, it is still a important way to construct a series of key works and scientifically to forecast and regulate flood water, so that flood loss can be reduced as far as possible

    當然，在國家地區社會、經濟發展過程中，投入適當的財力進行流域防洪的工程和非工程措施的建設，科學地預報、調度洪水，使洪水形成的災害減到最低水平，仍然是大江、大河防洪工作的一項長期任務。
  14. This paper introduces an influence of groundwater disasters on the society and economy, and classifies the groundwater disaster into three types : hydraulic disaster, chemical disaster and environmental disaster, then analyzes the distribution of the groundwater disasters and puts forward the countermeasures against them

    摘要本文闡述河北省地下水災害對社會經濟的嚴重影響，將地下水災害分為地下水動力災害、地下水化學災害和地下水環境災害三大類，分析河北省地下水災害的分佈，並提出了防治地下水災害的對策。
  15. The results show that setting up a modernized meteorological disaster emergency management mechanism with chinese characteristics is an important way to cope with meteorological disasters scientifically, to reduce the loss of the lives and property of the people, to ensure safety of state and sustainable development of economy and society by learning successful mode and experience of international disaster emergency management

    認為廣泛吸納國際社會在災害應急管理方面的成功模式和經驗，形成具有中國特色的現代化氣象災害應急管理機制，從而進一步加快中國氣象災害管理體系的建設，是科學應對氣象災害，減少人民生命財產損失，實現國家安全和經濟社會可持續發展的一個重要舉措。
  16. Engineering disaster of faultage fracture zone is a subject of extreme complication and momentously economic implications. how to construct projects and sustain its stability economically and effectively in such geological circumstance is always a problem fuzzing many experts in rock mechanics and engineering geology

    斷層破碎帶的工程災害是個極為復雜且具有重大經濟意義的課題，如何才能做到經濟有效地在這類地質環境中進行工程建設並維持其穩定性，一直是困擾廣大巖土力學和工程地質工作者的一個難題。
  17. So far, study of disaster economy in our country has some characteristics as follows : first, most of the research works are only about causes and technology of disasters which human or social disasters is rarely in natural science field. researchers in economic circles who study disaster economy are in the minority

    目前，我國災害經濟問題研究表現出如下一些特徵：一是現階段對災害問題的研究基本上局限於自然科學界對災害的成因機理和防控技術方面的探索，對人為或社會災害的研究極少且真正參與研究災害經濟問題的經濟學界人士相當少見。
  18. Through the coordination and cooperation with departments of central and local governments, organizations and scholars in the multi - disciplinary fields, to meet the needs of social and economic sustainable development, cadp conducts a variety of activities in disaster reduction, disaster investigation, scientific research and academic exchange cross sectors and cross - regions

    一、廣泛聯系和組織協調國家及地方減災部門、團體和學者，配合國家和地方經濟、社會發展的需求，開展各種減災活動，組織協調多學科、多部門的災害考察、科學研究、學術交流。
  19. Article 13 the state shall rely on scientific and technological progress to advance economic construction and social development, control population growth, enhance population quality, rationally develop and utilize resources, defense against natural calamities, and protect living conditions and ecological environment

    第十三條國家依靠科學技術進步，推動經濟建設和社會發展，控制人口增長，提高人口素質，合理開發和利用資源，防禦自然災害，保護生活環境和生態環境。
  20. Therefore, systemic researches are weak link in both disaster science and economic science

    因此，對災害經濟問題的系統理論研究不僅是災害科學的薄弱環節，也是經濟學科的薄弱環節。
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