無契約關系 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [wúqìyāoguānxì]
無契約關系
英文
without engagement-
This makes the intermediation system to be the most characteristic one in our civil case judgment however, along with the diversification of the society value, the dispersion of the society construction and the concretization of the society relationship, not only because the finite judicial resources ca n ' t bear the increasingly dilating issues, but also because of the awakening of the party concerned corpus consciousness, the intermediation system in operation already ca n ' t approach the requirements of the society for dispute solving with fair and efficiency, and this inevitably request adjusting and reconstructing the intermediation system of our court. from here caused the dispassionate considerations of the numerous scholars. they bring upped the standpoint of different views, surrounding the " retain ", " discard " and " reformulate "
然而，隨著社會價值的多元化、社會結構的分散化和社會關系的契約化，不僅有限的司法資源已不堪日益膨脹的糾紛所帶來的重負，更由於當事人主體意識的覺醒，使得現行調解制度已無法面對社會對于糾紛解決的公正和效率的要求，這必然要求調整和重構我國法院的調解制度，並由此引發了眾多學者的冷靜思考，圍繞法院調解制度的「存」 、 「廢」 、 「改」 ，提出了很多見仁見智的觀點。Correspond with this the contract changed from abstract act to causal act, from formal act to informal act. the meaning of causa is not the purpose of trade but a kind of substantive change of benefit
就契約原因的具體含義而言，它指的不是交易的目的，而是一種法定的、實質性的利益變動關系，其基本功能在於排除抽象債;而無因的契約? ?要是口約則表達了一種去實質化的傾向。Surveying the theories and practice all over the world, the countries such as german insist on contract responsibility according to providing contract by silent information and protecting the third party. however, america and england tend to infringement responsibility, because they think there is n ' t strict contract relations between accounting and the third party, and cpa against the liability stipulated in advance. the third party can be devided to the direct third party, the predicted third party and the third party which can be predicted reasonably
縱觀世界各國學說與實踐，德國等大陸法系國家一般主張為契約責任，這主要是以默示的信息提供契約，具保護第三人效力的契約，契約締結上的過失等理由為依據；而英美法系國家，判例和學說趨向降旗認定為一種侵權責任，因為會計師與第三人之間並無嚴格意義上的契約關系，雖然對注冊會計師而言，第三人具有合理的可被預見性，但第三人畢竟是不確定的多數人，因而會計師違反的是法律事先規定的義務，侵犯的是一般公民的權利，是絕對權，只能依侵權行為的責任構成追究責任。The theories include : character of the employer ' s duty, namely it is the impinging rights " duty, not contract duty ; principles of the employer ' s returning responsibility, namely it exists the engage relation between the employer and the employee, and the reason of employee ' s hurt is happened in the scope of implementing principleship and is the enterprise ' s trouble, and also four important terms of the employer not being dismissed the duty
包括：僱主對雇員工傷事故賠償責任的性質，即這種責任為侵權責任，而非契約責任；僱主對雇員工傷事故賠償責任的歸責原則，即為無過錯歸責原則；僱主對雇員工傷事故賠償責任的構成，即僱主與雇員之間存在雇傭關系、雇員是在執行職務范圍內受害、企業事故是雇員損害的原因以及僱主須沒有免責事由四個要件。Along with academic accumulation and the influence of kantian philosophy, especially with the study of savigny, transfer was interprets to juristic act of real right ; at the same time the juristic act of jus in persona was interprets to motive. through those explanations the principle of abstraction was systematized and rationalized. but the author thinks that abstraction only is logical
德國法繼承了羅馬法上的這種發展趨勢，在長期的學術積累和康德哲學的影響下，特別是經過薩維尼的努力，給付被解釋成為一個物權契約，並通過將債的關系解釋為給付目的的目的? ?動機，實現了物權行為無因性的體系化和邏輯上的合理性說明。It points out that mechanisms in limited partnership screens risk investor effectively and reduces the agent ' s cost, such as the pay for venture capitalist, limited life cycle of fund, venture capitalist bearing unlimited liability, etc. at investment stage of venture capital, through analysing the arrangement such as the choice of investment tool, staging of investment and estimating enterprises " value again based on enterprise ' s achievement, control distribution etc. first, choice of investment tool is the core of agreement, and determines the principal - agent relationship between venture capitalist and entrepreneur to a great extent
論文對風險投資機構的兩種主要的組織形式? ?公司制和有限合夥制進行了對比研究，深入分析了有限合夥制的主要制度安排，指出有限合夥制的報酬體系、風險投資家承擔無限責任、基金的有限生命周期等機制的設計，有效的篩選了風險投資家並降低了代理成本。風險投資投資階段，通過對投資中投資工具的選擇、分階段投資與基於業績的價值重估以及風險企業控制權的分配等制度安排的研究，指出：一、投資工具的選擇是風險投資契約的核心，在很大程度決定了風險投資家與創業家之間的委託代理關系。When there is contractual relation between professional and concerned party, it ' s up to the concerned party to choose tort liability or contract violation liability. besides the contractual relation, the liability could occur in contract making neglience, negotiorum gestio or damage to third party, to which liabilities for breach of contract could not be applied, because there is no contractual relation between them
本文認為，專家責任屬於一種綜合責任：在專家與當事人之間存在契約關系時，專家對自己的損害行為既可能承擔違約責任，也可能承擔侵權責任；在契約關系之外，專家尚可因為締約過失、無因管理、對第三人造成損害等情形承擔賠償責任，此時，由於在專家與當事人之間不存在契約關系，當無適用違約責任之可能。Article ii 1. each contracting state shall recognize an agreement in writing under which the parties undertake to submit to arbitration all or any differences which have arisen or which may arise between them in respect of a defined legal relationship, whether contractua1 or not, concerning a subject matter capable of settlement by arbitration. 2
1如果有關當事人以書面協議形式承諾將某一可以通過仲裁方式解決的標的涉及的特定的法律關系，無論是否是契約關系，已產生或可能產生的全部或任何異議提交仲裁，則每一締約國應該承認這種協議。分享友人