理論和判例 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [lǐlúnhépànlì]
理論和判例 英文
doctrine and jurisprudence
  • 理 : Ⅰ名詞1 （物質組織的條紋） texture; grain （in wood skin etc ） 2 （道理;事理） reason; logic; tru...
  • 論 : 論名詞（記錄孔子及其門徒的言行的「論語」） the analects of confucius
  • 和 : 和動詞（在粉狀物中加液體攪拌或揉弄使有黏性） mix （powder） with water, etc. : 和點兒灰泥 prepare some plaster
  • 判 : Ⅰ動詞1 （分開; 分辨） distinguish; discriminate 2 （評定） judge; decide 3 （判決） sentence; con...
  • 理論 : theory
  • 判例 : [法律] legal precedent; judicial precedent; case law : 國際法判例 cases in international law判例法 case law
  1. Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law

    再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。
  2. The chapter builds up the imputable liability system for chinese securities laws within the framework of the continental law theory, through the comparison and analysis of the duty of care criterion established for the behavior of misrepresentation by relevant securities statutes and cases in the u. s. the u. s. practices adopt different duties of care including scienter, negligence and strict liability against misrepresentation under different circumstances

    本章以美國證券成文法與判例法對虛假陳述行為設定的注意標準為借鑒，按照大陸法理論框架構建我國證券法關于虛假陳述的歸責體系。針對各種不同的虛假陳述行為，美國採用了包括欺詐、過失和嚴格責任等多種注意標準的歸責體制。
  3. I3eginniqg with the disa4varrtaes of written law discovered in a real case handled by the author, this essay adresses the need of prejudication as a udicia1 system in china

    尤其伴隨著最高人民法院以《最高人民法院公報》發布案例，以及對于成文法局限性的認識，理論界和實務界對于判例制度作用、中國是否需要和需要什麼樣的判例制度有了諸多爭議。
  4. In the second part, it discusses the basic contents of the clinical legal education, defines its connotation and feature, and researches the relationship between case method and clinical legal education. in the third part, the thesis evaluates the clinical legal education as a kind of teaching mode, including its values, defaults and functions. the forth part is the emphasis of this thesis, which is the designation of clinical legal education in our country, relating to its teaching objective, basic principles, fundamental structures, the system of evaluation, the teacher - resources and confirmation of their achievements, and students " identification, etc

    本文引言部分介紹了該文寫作的學科背景及診所式法律教育研究的概況，第一部分梳理了診所式法律教育的歷史發展，探討了它產生的條件，並對它的傳播進行了概要地描述與分析；第二部分討論了診所式法律教學模式的基本內容，明確了它的涵義、特點，並對判例教學模式與診所式法律教學模式之間的關系進行了研究；第三部分對診所式法律教學模式進行了評價，主要包括它的價值、缺失和作用三個方面；第四部分是本文的重點，對我國的診所式法律教學模式進行設計，主要涉及它的教學目標、教學基本原則、基本結構、評估體系、診所教師的來源與教師成果的肯定和診所學生身份的定位等問題。
  5. First, based on location theories and systems model methods, the location factors were quantified by establishing the location advantage models ( including economic attraction model and spatial aggregation model ) and location feasibility models. the location advantage grades and location feasibility types were set up, according to the result of location models of daxing district. secondly, based on the landscape analysis of the 4 towns chosen form location grades system, the landscape status has been judged by landscape pattern analysis, then the relationship of location typies and landscape pattern has been analyzed

    首先，依據區位理論，運用系統模型方法，將區位因素定量化建立區位優勢度模刑（包括經濟吸引度模型和空間聚集度模型）和區位適宜度模型，對大興區小城鎮體系的區位狀況進行分析並劃分區位優勢度等級，分析其區位適宜狀況，判斷其適宜度類型；其次，對4個典型區位小城鎮進行景觀格局分析，判斷景觀格局的優勢與不足，並分析區位類型與景觀格局的相互關系；第三，建立格局優化模型，綜合考慮經濟、生態和社會三者效益，得出研究區各類景觀的最優比例，並對典型城鎮進行優化格局功能分區。
  6. Using the complex potential method in the plane theory of elasticity of an anisotropic body, the series solution of finite anisotropic thin plate containing an elliptical inclusion is proposed with the help of faber series. a hybrid element with an elliptical inclusion for anisotropic materials is obtained by using the hybrid variable principle, and the element efficiency is verified by numerical examples. the state of the damage is modeled by an elliptical soft inclusion, and using the point stress criterion based on characteristic curve and yamada - sun etc. criteria, the prediction of the strength of a composite laminate with damage is set up

    首先基於經典層板理論，將復合材料層板的彈性問題化歸為均勻各向異性板來求解；採用各向異性體平面彈性理論中的復勢方法，以faber級數為工具，給出了有限大含橢圓核各向異性板彈性問題的級數解形式；利用雜交變分原理，成功導出含橢圓核各向異性板雜交應力有限元，並用算例驗證了該單元的可行性和有效性；採用含剛度折減橢圓形彈性核的沖擊損傷模型，引入基於特徵曲線和yamada - sun破壞準則的點應力判據，建立了含損傷復合材料層板剩餘強度的分析方法；通過數值計算詳細討論了各種幾何參數對損傷層板應力分佈、剩餘強度的影響，得到了一系列對工程應用具有實用價值的結論。
  7. This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in china wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following : first, under the condition that there is a distance of time between inj ury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation ; the second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries ; the third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation

    本文重點探討的就是公民生命權受到侵害、健康權受到侵害、 「死者人格」受到侵害這三種情形下的受害人近親屬的精神損害賠償請求權問題。探討以介紹和比較國外相關法律規定和學術理論為前提，結合我國的實際情況，從理論與實踐相結合的角度對以上各問題分別進行了分析，並提出了作者自己的一些見解：第一、在公民從受傷害到死亡有一段時間距離的情形下，死者的近親屬除依法享有其固有的精神損害賠償請求權以外，還可以繼承死者生前就其所受之精神損害而享有的精神損害賠償請求權；第二、在加害人的行為已造成直接受害人殘疾，或者是造成其健康嚴重受損的其他後果的情形下，我國應在借鑒國外已有立法和判例的基礎上，賦予一定范圍內的受害人近親屬以精神損害賠償請求權；第三、法律保護死者人格不受侵害的目的是為了保護死者近親屬的利益和維護公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近親屬能證明其訴訟主體的合法性，能夠證實侵害「死者人格」的行為已構成侵權，即可推定死者近親屬因此而遭受了精神痛苦? ?無須舉證的「名義上的精神損害」 ，死者近親屬即可提起精神損害賠償之訴。最後，本文認為，加強對受害人近親屬的權利和利益保護問題的研究，既有一定的必要性，同時又具有十分重要的現實意義。
  8. The ids works by two way, misuse detection and anomaly detection, misuse detection flags an intrusion on intrusion signature, this kind of detecting technic can be realized much more easily, and much more accurate, but it can not find some intrusiones that have been disguised or new kinds of intrusion. the anomaly detection can detect in more wide field, anomaly detection can compare new statistic data with average record, then anomaly record will be found, but it ' s more difficult to set a threshold, if the threshold is too big, some intrusion may be put through, if the threshold is too small, the ids will give more false positive alarm, and the threshold will be different with different people or different period, so the ids just simply show us their suspicious record, the administrator or expert will be in duty to analyze this record and give conclusion, the ids give more alarm than it should, leave us more detection record to analyze, and this is a hard work, we can not distinguish an intrusion or not if we analyze only one record, but we can judge if we find the relation among mass detection evidence. in this article, we try distinguish an intrusion using d - s theory ( proof theory ) instead using manual work, the ids will be more helpful and efficient

    濫用檢測採用的是特徵檢測的方法，實現較為簡單，判斷的準確性較高，但是不能判斷一些經過偽裝的入侵或特徵庫中尚未包含的入侵，異常檢測能夠根據以往記錄的特徵平均值，判斷出異常情況，但是對于異常到什麼程度才視為入侵，這個閥值非常難以確定，閥值設定的太高，有可能漏過真正的入侵，如果設定的閥值太低，又會產生較高的誤警率，而且這個閥值因人而異，因時而異，因此現在的入侵檢測系統把這部分異常記錄以一定的形式顯示出來或通知管理人員，交給管理人員去判斷，而這些ids系統難以判斷的記錄，如果對每個證據單獨地進行觀察，可能是難以判斷是否是入侵，而把許多先後證據關聯起來，專家或管理人員根據經驗能夠判斷訪問的合法性，本文試圖引入人工智慧中證據理論的推理策略和示例學習方法，代替人工檢查分析，可以提高效率，降低誤警率，並可以對一個正在進行得可疑訪問實現實時檢測，通過搜索及時判斷，及時阻斷非法訪問，比事後得人工處理更有意義。
  9. Based on the system engineering theory, and through detailed analysis of economic techniques of the engineering work plan examples of the common used long span steel truss structures, utilizing the sequenced layer analysis, the current paper will establish the long span engineering work plan index system. also by the fuzzy mathematical principles, it builds multi - layer fuzzy complex mathematics judgment and calculate the weight coefficient of each index by application of fuzzy power duality method ; and based upon the experts investigation method builds each index judgment matrix. finally applying the current popular update system tool - power builder 8. 0 developed the " optimization system of ( construction ) fuzzy work plan " to solve and carry out the multi - layered fuzzy combination judgment ; then step on the analysis and research on the reliability of the optimal solution for further achievement of the final objective of the fuzzy optimization in selecting the construction work plan of long - span steel truss realization

    本文以系統工程學的理論為基礎，通過工程實例對常用大跨度鋼桁架結構施工方案進行詳細的技術經濟分析，運用層次分析法建立起大跨度鋼桁架結構施工方案的指標體系，利用模糊數學原理建立了多層次模糊綜合評判數學模型，採用模糊權重二元對比法計算出各指標的權重系數，並採用專家調查法建立各指標的評判矩陣，利用目前最流行的工具系統- powerbuilder8 . 0編制了《建築施工方案模糊優選系統》求解計算，進行多層次模糊綜合評判；調整權重和隸屬度，對數學模型最優解的可靠性作了進一步的分析和研究，從而達到模糊優化選擇大跨度鋼桁架結構施工方案的最終目的。
  10. On the base of the former four chapters " statement, the last chapter summarizes the similarities and differences between the confucian elite thoughts and modern human resource management theory, thereof a conclusion is drawn : the confucian elite thoughts probe the regulation of man ' s growing process, emphasize the independence and perfection of human nature and the exploration of human being ' s inner quality on the base of the sufficient respect to the objective requirements of development of human nature, which is not only the key but also the goal of the research on modern resource management, on the other hand, we must be aware of the old and deep - rooted federal ideas among the confucian thoughts, for instance, the view of loyalty and benefit, the view of etiquette and following

    然後用三個章節研究探索儒家的人才思想在現代人力資源管理案例中的運用和體現，最後一個章節是在前四章的基礎上，總結儒家人才思想與現代人力資源管理理論之間的異同，從而得出這樣的結論：儒家人才思想在充分尊重人的人性發展客觀要求的基礎上，研究人的成長規律，而且突出強調人格的獨立、完善和人內在潛力的挖掘，這正是現代人力資源管理探索和研究的對象和重點。但儒家人才理論也有許多不合時適，陳腐的觀念，如義利觀和禮法觀等，在繼承和吸納的同時，是應該加以區分批判和揚棄的。
  11. So this study will reveal the human expressions of hsp70, bfgf, cox2 after cerebral contusions and the relationship between the expression and the contusion time utilizing the immunohistochemical staining, at the same time, this study will find out the diversity between the autopsy case and the animal experiment, which can provide the theorical evidence to identify the aging cerebral contusion

    故本實驗採用實際工作中的案例標本，應用免疫組織化學染色，旨在了解人腦挫傷后hsp70 、 bfgf和cox2的表達，揭示其表達與人腦挫傷時間變化關系，同時觀察屍體解剖標本與動物實驗標本免疫組織化學的差別，為腦挫傷時間判定實際鑒定工作提供一條可行的理論依據。
  12. Proper criteria should be given in order to judge the stage of industrialization process. there are many criteria about the division of industrialization, such as rostow development theory, hoffmann ratio, kuznets calculation table and chenery theory

    判斷工業化進程的階段，需要選擇適當的標準，關于工業化發展階段劃分的理論，國際上有多種標準，主要有配弟?克拉克定理，霍夫曼比例、羅斯托發展理論、庫茲涅茨計算表和錢納里理論。
  13. The article rests on the examples, precedents and written law via internet ; consults many essays about electronic evidence from domestic and overseas ; draws on the experience of the evidence and information subject ; compares the law, regulations and theory of most of the world ; analyses two important questions : the admissibility and the weight of electroniq evidence ; discusses the way of gathering and operating electronic evidence

    文章基於國內外有關電子證據的案例、通過因特網下載的相關立法、司法解釋；參考了國內外有關電子證據方面的論著資料；借鑒了證據法學、信息工程學等學科的理論和方法；比較了世界主要國家在電子證據方面的立法、判例、司法解釋和學說；分析了電子證據可采性和證明力兩個基本問題；探討了電子證據的收集和運用規則。
  14. By the application of the rough set theory, this paper makes quantized evaluation with the geological engineering model for slope, explains its establishing method and procedure, and presents a network for the recognition of the deformation and failure modes of slope. examples from practice are analyzed with the model, which concludes its advantages of high speed, precision, practicability and powerful quantization, exploring a new way for quantized model establishment for slope

    應用rs （ roughset或粗糙集）理論，對邊坡地質工程模型進行量化判別，闡述了rs邊坡地質工程模型的建模方法及實現步驟，提出了邊坡變形破壞模式的識別網路，進行了實例分析，結果表明該方法具有速度快、精度高、實用性強和量化功能強等優點，為邊坡量化建模提供了新的思路。
  15. In this strategy, the theory and methods of attribute importance within rough set were applied to define the weight of each feature attribute of the case ; the theory and methods of knowledge reduction was applied to define the index of the case knowledge base

    在該策略中，運用粗糙集中屬性重要度的理論和方法，確定事例各特徵屬性的權重，運用知識約簡的理論和方法判斷事例知識庫的索引。
  16. This paper develops several delay - independent conditions for the robust stability of linear interval systems with delay by applying differential equation theorem and matrix exponential properties. comparisons with previous results are made through remarks. finally, a numerical computation is presented for illustration. 25refs

    根據微分方程理論和矩陣指數特性，提出了針對具有線性區間系統的魯棒穩定性的幾個判定條件，並與現有研究結果進行了比較.給出的數值實例表明，所提出的方法改進了相關文獻的結果.參25
  17. This paper includes the following two main parts : to explicate validity on the contract benefited to the third party by analyzing regulations and case - laws ; from philosophy of law to reveal the reasons why the parties and the third party consciously perform the contract and why rules can force them to perform the contract. then on the basis of theoretical analysis mentioned above this paper provides some suggestions of legislation on the contract benefited to the third party

    本文旨在通過對各國立法和判例的分析來闡述為第三人利益合同所具有的效力內涵；並從法哲學的角度來探究當事人、第三人為什麼會自覺遵守該合同和為什麼法律會強制他們遵守該合同等有關效力根源的問題；進而在理論分析的基礎上，對我國的為第三人利益合同制度提出相關的立法建議。
  18. Then the paper not only puts forward the principal, also develops dynamic index system according to the character of project phases and the risk traits, risk source, risk distributing in every phases. the index system also is based on the set of risk factors including the factors that study by others. after this, the paper analyses the advantages and application confine of every the discrimination method, then make good use of matter element analysis and assembled appraisal method in project termination decision. real application shows that the model is very useful and effective

    依據研究與開發項目的分階段特性和風險特點、風險來源、風險分佈規律，結合國內外研究的指標因素集，提出了建立指標體系的原則和架構並建立了分階段較為系統的指標體系，在分析了國內外中止決策判別方法的優缺點和適用范圍的基礎上，將可拓理論和組合評價方法用於項目中止決策判別，通過實例分析證明了所建模型的有效性。
  19. The author discusses the stress wave reflection used to measure the building foundation through a case study. its uncertainty and some new ideas have also been considered in the paper

    摘要應力波反射法判斷樁身質量具有多解性，本文通過理論和典型實例對此觀點進行分析和引證，以期加深對它的理解和認識。
  20. Combining gray theory and catastrophe theory, the gray energy catastrophe model is brought out according to the critical value of energy. the real example shows that the critical value is unique. the analytical process of rock mass fail shows that the process of fail of the rock mass is the process that dissipation structure is formed, and that self - organization of surrounding rock is built during the process

    在臨界狀態時，只要系統稍有擾動，則系統就會失穩；強擾動可以使失穩提前發生；將灰色理論和突變理論相結合，以能量突變為材料的破壞特徵，提出隧道巖體開挖的灰色能量突變模型，通過實例分析表明，該失穩判據具有唯一性；對巖體失穩的過程分析表明，巖體的失穩過程實際上是耗散結構的形成過程、是巖體的自組織過程，圍巖系統在演化過程中出現分叉和混沌現象。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書