環境行為概論 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [huánjìnghángwéigàilún]
環境行為概論 英文
introduction to environmental behavior
  • 環 : Ⅰ名詞1 （環子） ring; hoop 2 （環節） link 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（圍繞） surround; encircle;...
  • 境 : 名詞1 （疆界; 邊界） border; boundary 2 （地方; 區域） place; area; territory 3 （境況; 境地） co...
  • 行 : 行Ⅰ名詞1 （行列） line; row 2 （排行） seniority among brothers and sisters:你行幾? 我行三。where...
  • 概 : Ⅰ名詞1 （大略） general outline 2 （神氣） manner of carrying and conducting oneself; deportment ...
  • 論 : 論名詞（記錄孔子及其門徒的言行的「論語」） the analects of confucius
  • 環境 : environment; surroundings; circumstances; ambient; closeness; ambience; ambiance; atmosphere
  • 行為 : action; behaviour; conduct; deed
  • 概論 : （多用於書名: 概括的論述） outline; introduction; survey: 《化學概論》 an introduction to chemistry
  1. And according to the theory, the system of society, economy, resource and environment are analyzed from the side of inscape, characteristic, structure and function, run mechanism. then the concept model and control model of coordination development of society, economy, resource and environment are established

    然後以這些理論為指導，對社會、經濟、資源、環境系統的構成要素、特徵、結構與功能、運行機理等方面進行了分析，由此構建了社會、經濟、資源、環境協調發展的概念模型與調控模型。
  2. The first, review gu qiaoying ' s growing up process from four aspects which are the accumulation of knowledge and the rudiment of speciality sense, the exploration of the idea " teaching and learning vividly " and the forming of teaching style, the maturing of educational ideas and the sublimation of speciality charm. the second, on the base of striving to comprehend gu qiaoying ' s educational ideas connotation, make a theoretical carding and interpretation on her " teaching and learning vividly " idea from three aspects which are the " dead " teaching material taught by " living " person, teaching vividly in order to learn vividly and teaching " biology " as " biology ". the third, make a systematic induction and summary on gu qiaoying ' s biology teaching reform and practice on her lesson preparation, conception teaching, experiment teaching, extracurricular scientific and technological activities teaching, elicitation method of teaching, object teaching, fostering students " learning interest and the capacity of problem solving

    第一部分，對顧巧英的專業成長過程，從知能的積累與專業意識的萌芽、生物學教學的適應與職業意識的確立、 「教活學活」的探索與教學風格的形成、教育思想的成熟與專業魅力的升華四個方面進行了評介；第二部分，在力求體悟顧巧英教育思想內涵的基礎上，從「死」教材「活」人教、教「活」是為了學「活」 、把「生物學」教成「生物學」三方面對其「教活學活」思想進行了理論梳理和闡釋；第三部分，對顧巧英的備課、概念教學、實驗教學、課外科技活動教學、啟發式教學、直觀教學、對學生學習興趣與問題解決能力的培養等生物學教學改革與實踐進行了較系統地歸納與總結；第四部分，對影響顧巧英專業發展的主要因素，從其人格力量、專業知能基礎、專業發展的社會環境等方面對進行了理論分析；第五部分，在以上研究的基礎上，進一步指出了顧巧英教育思想對我國生物學教學論課程建設及其專業發展與教學經驗對我國中學生物學師資培養的理論和實踐意義。
  3. Firstly, proem, it concise introduces the background ; secondly, it introduces the reform of the commission system and the dilemma of the securities companies in our country ; thirdly, it puts forward the idea of implementation of " optionally differential strategies " as the natural choice for the future development of the securities brokers in our country, through the analysis of the current competitive environment of the securities companies in our country and study on the alternatives of competitive strategies ; the forth, it describes how to practice " optionally differential strategies ", which including three aspect : the choice of the core competition ability, the measures for the implementation are brought forth, and the condition of practice the strategies ; the fifth, it " s the summary of the dissertation

    第一部分，簡介論文寫作背景；每二部分，介紹我國傭金制度改革以及改革后我國證券公司所面臨的困境；第三部分，通過對現階段我國證券公司競爭環境的分析，進行競爭戰略選擇研究，提出實施選擇性差別化戰略應成為我國證券商未來發展的必然選擇。第四部分，提出「選擇性差別化戰略」的實施措施，包括拓展業務領域、拓寬交易渠道及改革證券商管理模式三方面可操作的內容；第五部分，對全文作概括性的總結。
  4. Then with study of two books : ( ( life between buildings ) ) and ( ( open space design ) ), this chapter explained recapitulative rules about relationship between action and material setting, as to direct the academic analysis on communicational space. the topic of the fourth chapter is noumenal research about space pattern for modern campus. it contains researches macroscopical organizing and details of space " nodes "

    第三章高校交往空間模式的基礎理論研究，首先分析了環境心理與環境行為與交往的關系，再通過對《交往與空間》 、 《外部空間設計》的解讀，闡釋活動與空間關系概括性的規律和原則，以此作為交往空間模式形成與完善的理論指導。
  5. According to the history and contemporary condition of the world wine industry and the character of chinese grape wine industry, guofeng ' s marketing environment and the company ' s inner superior and inferior situation were analyzed. the questions of guofeng ' s marketing were found and listed. then the paper put forward the marketing strategy for guofeng company according to 4ps, 4cs, 4rs and integration marketing theory : to reselect gansu middle market as its target market and relocate its marketing position by its unique location and green products concept, to richen its middle product - line, to strengthen wine culture promotion, and to build sale place

    論文主要運用現代營銷理論，採取市場調查法、文獻查閱法、 swot分析法等研究方法，結合世界葡萄酒行業發展的趨勢和中國葡萄酒消費市場的特徵，分析了國風干紅的市場營銷環境、公司內部的優、劣勢資源條件及其營銷現狀和存在的問題，運用傳統的4ps營銷理論並結合4cs 、 4rs營銷理論以及整合營銷理論，提出國風公司應選擇甘肅葡萄酒中端市場為其目標市場，以獨特的產地優勢和綠色產品概念為國風品牌定位，向市場提供高品質中價位的產品。
  6. This thesis analyze the concept, the type and scale, structure pattern, content and space constitute of outdoor environment of residential district. on the basis of compare, analyze and research to theory and practice at home and abroad, the thesis resolve the common demand into outdoor life, spatial behavior and the others, and consider manifold sense perception of people

    從對居住區外環境的概念界定開始，對居住區的類型、規模及結構模式，居住區外環境的內容，空間構成等方面進行分析，研究了居住區的相關問題。同時在對國內外相應的理論與實踐進行比較、分析、研究的基礎上，將普遍的人的需求分解為戶外生活、空間使用方式等，並結合人的多種感覺進行人性化分析。
  7. Part one : this part introduces the summarization of the abs ( asset - backed securities ), which includes the conception, the basic theory, the features, the categories, the basic running process, and the circumstance of the research and development, etc. part two : the main contents of this part are the necessity and the analysis for the feasibility of the financing of securities depending on the charges of expressways, including the analysis for the feasibility of the financing of securities on the basis of the expressways " charges, the option between the two operation models, and the analysis for the feasibility of the operation of indigenization, etc. part three : this part mainly demonstrates how to design the plan of a company for the financing of securities and indigenization, which consists of the introduction of a company ' s background and the main problems to be confronted, the features of the basic assets and the analysis of the cash currency, the selection of spy, the design of trading structure, the product design of securities, etc. part four : this part discusses the financial evaluation about a company ' s design of the financing of securities and indigenization on the basis of the expressways " charges, the analysis of the risks and the analysis in general

    本文的創新之處在於: （ 1 ）通過對我國《信託法》 、 《公司法》等相關法律、法規的深入研究，提出在國內現行制度框架和市場環境下，以信託方式設立特設目的機構的基本思路，並構架了類附擔保公司債信託型和信託簽發企業銷售型兩種較為滿意的本土化交易結構方案，具有一定的理論創新性; （ 2 ）將資產證券化這一金融創新工具應用到高速公路融資領域，論證了高速公路利用收費證券化融資的必要性和可行性，並提出了一個可供借鑒的操作性方案。本文可能的不足是在證券化產品設計方面由於筆者知識水平的欠缺，深感作得不是很深入，需進一步的完善和細化;另外對各種交易結構模式的設計和分析只是一種理論上的探討，到底是否有效和可行需接受實踐的進一步檢驗。論文分為四個部份:第一部份，資產證券化概述，包括資產證券化的概念、基本理論、特點、基本形式、基本運作流程、國內外研究和發展現狀等。
  8. This paper carries out study on corporate governance based on system theory, advances concept of corporate governance, analyzes and abstracts system core of corporate governance from the point of mechanism by means of study on environment energy - rank principle, running mechanism and model of corporate governance. this paper analyzes mechanism of stimulation and restraint by using game theory, verifies effect of stock right structure on efficiency of corporate governance in view of connection between capital and corporate governance, gives method of resolving optimum stock right limit of collection and deconcentration and adventure share model of blending capital, and discusses problem of entrance of stakeholders to corporate governance etc. at last, according to system theory of corporate governance studied, this paper analyzes governance system of chinese state - owned and its effective factors, and advances complete countermove idea of corporate governance system

    本論文以系統理論為基礎對公司治理結構進行了研究，提出了公司治理結構系統的概念，分析提煉出了公司治理結構系統核，並通過對公司治理結構系統環境、系統能級原理和系統運行機制與模式的研究，從機制的角度分析了公司治理結構系統運行模式；運用博弈論對公司治理過程中的激勵約束機制進行了分析；針對資本結構與公司治理結構的關系，運用模型驗證了股權結構對公司治理效率的影響，給出了求解最佳股權集散度的方法和融資風險分擔模型；探討了利益相關者介入公司治理結構的問題等等。
  9. We fist concisely summarize the indicators and index systems of the asd at home and abroad to inforce the base on which we can bring forth new idea in index system of easd in chapter 2. secondly, in chapter 3 systematical analysis is made on the conception and denotation of asd that includes populational, economic, social, resources, and environmental factors. then we draw an initial generalization and conclusion of the theoretical foundation of the asd : the theory of population carrying capacity, the theory of ecological economic, and the theory of system control

    論文的第二章對農業可持續發展評估研究現狀的綜述，追溯評估指標體系的產生和研究進展，考察現有評估指標體系的長處和不足，為農業可持續發展評估指標體系的創新研究夯實基礎；論文的第三章系統分析農業可持續發展的內涵及影響因素，對持續農業的概念和內涵進行系統闡述，對影響農業發展的人口、經濟、社會、資源、環境五大因素進行分析，並初步歸納了農業發展可持續性的人口承載力、生態經濟、系統控制等相關理論，從而更準確地把握農業可持續發展的內涵，為評估指標體系的建模奠定良好的基礎。
  10. The second chapter studies the economy of ship ' s power plants, based on the aspects of lowering fuel cost, waste heat recovery, the match of ship, machinery and propeller, increasing propulsion efficiency, increasing the economy of ship ' s power plants, etc. the third chapter discusses in detail the control measures of voyage change cost, analysizes systematically the voyage change cost based on the way of fuel cost, harbor cost, voyage venture cost. the fourth chapter studies the structures and control measures of seafarers cost, maintenance cost, spare parts and stores cost, lubricating oil cost, etc. which are relatively easy to be controlled ; based on the state maintenance decision - making, a mathematical model is put forward, the validity and its solve process are discussed. the control measures of spare parts, fuel cost and lubricating oil cost should be based on scientific budget, through the control means of application, reception, usage, store check, try to acquire the inosculation of theory

    第一章主要討論營運船舶運輸成本，對船舶運輸成本的概念、結構、性質與分攤、成本細分進行了分析，從宏觀上闡明了船舶運輸成本的生存環境和生長趨勢；第二章研究了船舶動力裝置的經濟性，在營運船舶降低油耗、廢熱利用、船機槳匹配、提高推進效率、提高船舶動力裝置經濟性的有效途徑等方面進行了闡述和論證；第三章詳細論述並論證了航次變動成本的控制措施，全面系統地分析和總結了航次變動成本，通過對燃油成本、港口使費、航次風險成本的分析與控制，提出了航次風險成本的概念並論述了若干航次風險成本的控制措施；第四章對船舶營運成本中的船員費用控制、維修保養及其費用控制、船舶備件物料管理及其費用控制等幾個主要可控性較高的成本進行了細致的分析並分別討論了相互的控制措施，提出了基於狀態維修決策的馬爾可夫數學模型並論證了模型的正確性及具體解算步驟，對于備件、燃潤物料的控制堅持以科學的預算為前提，以申領、接收、使用、盤存為控制環節，切實做到理論與實踐的密切結合；第五章，結合營運成本的預核算的案例，對船舶營運成本的預算及核算進行了有益的探討，旨在揭示成本發生的動因，並給出了成本預算、核算的編制方法。
  11. It contributes to the deeper comprehesion of these probability distributions, affords more detailed theoretical basis for further studying and simulating satellite mobile channels, ? theoretical analyses and discussions of the models which are often used in the study of the propagating characteristics of satallite mobile channels are given ; meantime, some discussions on the work of model simulations are also given, ? incorrect derivation of the equality between c. loo model and corazza model in some other papers is pointed out. via the conception of received power, we derivate that in the rural environments these two models really have the equal relationship by the way of theoretical derivation and simulatant fittings. therefore, it is able to use corazza model in studying the characteristics of satellite mobile channels in the rural environments and able to avoid the iterant work of modeling, in order to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of research work, ? detailed processes of simulating lutz model by using matlab6. 0 _ simulink4. 0 and the results of comparisions are given

    本文包含有以下的主要內容： ?對衛星移動通信通道傳播特性研究中常用的三個概率分佈給出了詳細的推導過程；以便對這幾個在衛星移動通信通道傳播特性的研究中常用的概率分佈函數有更深的理解，對進一步研究衛星移動通信通道傳播特性和對通道的建模提供了更為詳盡的理論基礎； ?對衛星移動通信通道傳播特性的研究中常用的通道模型進行了理論上的分析和討論，並對衛星移動通信通道建模的研究工作提出了一定的看法； ?指出了以前的文獻中關于c . loo模型和corazza模型的等同性的證明錯誤；並從接收信號功率的角度出發，通過理論推導及模擬曲線擬合重新證明了在鄉村環境下，這兩個模型的確是具有等同性的；從而在對鄉村環境下的衛星移動通信通道傳播特性進行研究時，可以只採用corazza模型來對實際的通道進行建模，這樣可以避免重復的建模工作並提高研究工作的效率和準確性； ?給出了lutz模型在matlab6 . 0 _ simulink4 . 0環境下的軟體模擬實現的詳細過程和整體模擬測試的對比結果，保證了該模型在硬體實現時的可靠性和可行性，從而可以將它們應用於指導模型的硬體模擬實現並可以降低硬體實現時的風險。
  12. The content of each part follow as : in the first chapter, as start point and base of the paper, this part focuses on the basic study of definition characteristic of no, and the existing base of no - e - commerce environment ; in the second one, this part studies the theory base of no comprehensively applying the theories of core competence competent strategy and transaction cost ; chapter three studies the no from the coordination of no, and gives the structure clarification and characteristic of no firstly, at the same time, put forward the concept of virtual enterprise cluster ; based on such conclusion, studies the model of no from life cyc organization level process and value chain, and operational mode ; in chapter four, a theoretical explanation was addressed on the above structure by modeling no with game theory and graphic theory ; in the fifth chapter, on the bases of analysis of no operational risks, coordination mechanism of no was studied by individually modeling the no without core and no with core, and then put forward the solution for coordination mechanism of no ; as an important component of coordination mechanism of no, chapter six explored some basic concept of trust and importantly put forward the way of how to build trust in no, especially investigated the supporting function of valid reputation mechanism of no for the trust building, importantly an operational method on building reputation mechanism and evaluation method in no were given ; the last chapter applied the conclusion of the paper to investigate the famous trade web - sunbu. com analyzed its shortcoming and gave the advices of developing

    全文共分為七章，主要內容如下：第一章作為全文的理論出發點和基礎，圍繞網路組織的定義、特徵以及網路組織生存基礎- -電子商務環境等方面對網路組織的基本概念進行了闡述；第二章綜合運用核心能力、競爭戰略和交易費用理論對網路組織產生的理論基礎進行闡述；第三章首先從組織協調的角度對網路組織進行了研究，給出了網路組織的結構，分類和特徵，同時並給出了虛擬企業群簇；然後在此基礎上分別研究了網路組織的生命周期模型、層次模型、過程模型、價值鏈模型，以及運行模式；第四章綜合運用博弈論、圖論的相關知識，通過構建網路組織的模型，對上一章所研究的網路組織結構的形成機理給出了一種理論解釋；第五章在分析網路組織運行風險的基礎上，分別建立無盟主網路組織的博弈論模型和有盟主網路組織的博弈論模型，詳細研究了網路組織的協調機制，然後給出了網路組織協調機制的解決方案；第六章作為網路組織協調機制的重要組成部分，本章在討論了網路組織中建立信任機制的必要性的基礎上，研究了網路組織信任關系的類型，提出了在網路組織中如何建立信任機制。
  13. Based on the definition and research category of agricultural information, this paper analyzes and designs the structure, function and the developmental method of agricultural expert system, summarizes the previous successful experiences and its disadvantages both abroad and home. on the ground of investigating and analyzing the practicing process of national intelligent agricultural demonstrating project " 863 - 11 ", the essay also raises the several different demonstrating and application modes under the different agricultural productive and technical conditions, such modes as " state farm + family farm ", " agriculture related enterprise + government + fanner ", " national technique spreading system + government + farmer ", analyses the applying conditions of every mode. finally, the essay also discusses the deficiency existed in practical demonstrating experience and its countermeasures, and provides theoretic and practical guide for further development.

    本文首先根據農業信息化的含義和研究范疇，分析構建了智能化農業專家系統的結構、功能、開發方法，總結了國內外智能化農業專家系統理論研究和實踐應用中的經驗教訓，並以國家智能化農業示範工程「 863 - 11 」為背景，通過對示範區開發和應用過程的調查和分析，總結概括智能化農業示範工程的經驗和教訓，提出了在不同的農業生產環境和條件下，智能化農業的研究和應用推廣模式和方式，例如「國營農場+家庭農場」 、 「龍頭涉農企業+政府+農戶」 、 「政府+農業技術推廣站+農戶」等模式，分析了每種模式的適用范圍、推廣特色和優勢，並對示範應用中出現的問題及解決方法進行了探討，對我國農業專家系統研究和應用具有一定的理論和現實意義。
  14. Sustainable development, which pursue long - time economic increase and quality advancement, is to satisfy both the needs of the present age and that of the future. shaowu, a county in mountainous area of fujian, plays a major role in the sustainable development in minjiang watershed. the thesis based on the theory of district sustainable development put forward the problems, pontentia and advantage which shaowu is faced with. the pattern of shaowu sustainable development and approach to implement it is also discussed. also, the thesis sets forth the important meaning of policy selection to the sustainable development and bring forward the adaptive policy of the sustainable development in shaowu

    縣域可持續發展是指在一定時空尺度上，以長期的經濟增長及質量提高為目標，從而既滿足當代縣域發展的需要，又滿足未來縣域的發展需求。邵武是福建省的一個山區縣級市，邵武的可持續發展對閩江流域的經濟可持續發展起著重要作用。本文建立在區域可持續發展的理論基礎之上，並對區域可持續發展理論進行概括，通過對邵武資源環境和社會經濟基礎系統的分析，提出邵武可持續發展面臨的問題和所具有的潛力和優勢，充分論述邵武實現可持續發展的模式內容和實施途徑。
  15. Finally a much practical sketching tool, intelligent sketching based innovative design : isid, is implemented. the main research contents and achievements are articulated as follows : ( 1 ) sketch studies and the computer supported intelligent sketching technology firstly, the conventions and behavior characters of sketching, and the relations among design tasks, thinking ( intensions ) and sketching, are studied and summarized. then the computer supported sketching mode is given

    本文主要研究內容和成果概述如下： （ 1 ）草圖研究與智能草圖技術方法體系研究總結出草圖繪制習慣、行為特徵，以及草圖繪制活動與設計活動、思維活動之間的內在關系，確定了計算機環境下的草圖繪制模式，為計算機支持的智能草圖設計提供了必要的理論基礎。
  16. The discussion of cultural construction mode in baibuting community is developed as following : the first part presents author ' s motivation in carrying out the research, defining some concepts and introducing a few common modes of cultural construction in urban communities. the second part is a detailed description of fundamental ideas and content, advocating the notion of " human oriented, moral centered, law abiding, trying to creating a modern community with the capacity of sustainable development ", introducing its unique homestead culture. the third part sets forth the innovation of community culture construction modes in baibuting community : in order to create a, human - oriented community culture, establish a peaceful and content environment for the socialism ideology, the baibuting community made innovation on community management system ; by the analysis of the occupational statistics and object groups, the author found out that most of residents come from the middle class ; then, the author gives the definition of middle class and its general features in a sociological perspective ; finally, the thesis analyses the characteristics of the community residents " pursuit of culture and the harmonious development of community culture in aspects like value system, consumption habits, cultural needs

    本文通過理論學習，對百步亭花園社區文化建設的模式進行了探索研究，在現狀調查過程中，筆者發現百步亭的社區文化建設之所以成功，除了開發商和物業管理中心的組織建設外，還有小區居民的積極參與合作，三者密不可分，而這又與居民所屬的階層文化訴求密切相關，於是，本文就百步亭社區文化建設模式作了論述，思路如下：文章的第一部分：提出本文研究的緣起，並對一些與本文有關的概念作了界定，還介紹了幾種城市社區文化建設的一般模式；文章的第二部分：介紹百步亭花園社區文化建設模式的基本思想和內容，提出了「以人為本、以德為魂、以法為行，努力創造可持續發展的現代文明社區」的口號，並介紹了其獨具特色的家園文化；文章的第三部分：對百步亭社區文化建設模式的創新作了論述：百步亭社區為了營造以人為本的社區文化，構建社區安居樂業工程，為社會主義思想道德體系提供良好的社會文化環境，在社區管理體制上作了創新；還通過對百步亭社區居民的職業統計，來源群體，分析出其從屬的社會階層主要是社會的中間階層；再次，從社會學角度，定義了中間階層及一般特徵；最後從價值觀、認同感，消費觀念、文化需求等方面，分析了其文化訴求的特徵和與社區文化的協調發展；文章的第四部分：從整合功能和導向功能兩方面總結了百步亭社區文化建設的社會效應；並對百步亭社區文化建設模式的不足提出了意見和建議。
  17. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  18. Enterprise operator in the reform, it is no doubt a kind of method to try to find out the problem of solving in practice, but if there are scientific theories as guide, if can use the management theory of advanced science and telecommunications reform practice and combine together, then, the telecommunications of our country reform the cause and can step into a new realm certainly. this thesis is case study with the new chinese network communication group company standing on the new starting point in feature, at complicated market environment and living environment so, how about find out a feasible experience of management, and then form the management standard of the new developing telecommunications enterprise and effectual management strategy

    本文首先概括了選題的背景和意義，闡述了論文研究所需要的經營戰略和競爭戰略理論、組織行為理論及市場營銷理論；分析了中國電信業面臨的競爭環境和經營狀況；找出中國網通在電信市場上的優勢和劣勢，進而從中國網通的市場定位，經營策略的角度出發，分析研究了以新面貌站在新起點上的中國網路通信集團公司，面對的如此復雜的市場環境和生存環境，如何摸索出一條切實可行的管理經驗，進而形成新興電信企業的管理規范和行之有效的經營戰略。
  19. As decentrality and regionality are the characters of the realestate investing market, the effects are quite different in different regions. in the regions such as beijing, shang hai, the macroscopic readjustment and control policy reflects clearly. it is effectly controlled in occupying and using land too quickly, crediting too much in the realestate, expanding in the marketable housing price and so on. however, the reflecting is not intensivly in the macroscopic readjustment and conchol policy in the other regions as beijing and shanghai. so it is necessary that studying about the circumstance of realestate investing market in order to set right the road of it

    房地產投資環境作為房地產投資的前提和基礎，正確分析長春市的房地產投資環境，對其進行投資環境綜合競爭力評價，直接影響到投資者和受資者做出的決策。本文通過對房地產投資環境理論的闡述與歸納，對長春市房地產市場發展歷史的回顧、現狀的分析，提出了城市房地產投資環境綜合競爭力的概念。構建了房地產業投資環境評價的指標體系，選出了影響房地產投資環境的30個指標。
  20. Introduction to environmental behavior

    環境行為概論
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