環大小效應 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [huándàxiǎoxiàoyīng]
環大小效應 英文
hybridization affect
  • 環 : Ⅰ名詞1 （環子） ring; hoop 2 （環節） link 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（圍繞） surround; encircle;...
  • 小 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （體積、面積、數量、強度等不大） small; little; petty; minor 2 （年紀小的; 年幼的） youn...
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 效應 : [物理學] effect; action; influence
  1. Because it ’ s hard to get radiation - harden hardware overseas, so the software fault tolerance techniques are significant for our national space enterprise. the computer platform of 863 plan project ” micro intelligent free - flying space robotic system ” consists of cots component. the orbit and the radiation environment of the robot are similar to ones of the argos satellite, and the system is required to have high reliability. therefore it ’ s necessary to applied the software fault tolerance techniques into the system to improve the anti - radiation capability after the techniques been verified valid

    因為我國很難從國外獲得輻射加固的硬體，所以，這項軟體容錯技術對我國航天事業的發展具有較大意義。 863計劃項目「小型智能飛行機器人系統」所用的計算機平臺採用商用器件，其衛星的運行軌道與argos衛星軌道近似，面臨的輻射環境與argos衛星相似，要求具有高可靠性。因此，小型智能飛行機器人系統有必要在驗證sihft技術有效的基礎上，應用軟體容錯技術，提高其空間抗輻射能力。
  2. Summarize the common image pre - processing methods and point out their merits and faults. discuss the boundary effect of gaussian low - pass filtering ( glpf ). to improve it, the zero - order gaussian filtering for an open profile ( gfo ) is used

    討論了高斯低通濾波的邊界效應，利用零階開環高斯濾波演算法，對高斯低通濾波進行了改進，使濾波圖像在圖像大小不改變的情況下，邊緣處的濾波效果得到明顯的改善。
  3. Twenty f1 combinations crossed among 5 varieties and strains different in fiber properties according to complete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll weight and lint percentage in high quality fiber property varieties in upland cotton in 1998 1999 for two year successively at nanjing. it was indicated that there existed small interactions with the environmental factors without maternal effects and the additive gene effect was in chief, attaining to 51. 2 % and 65. 4 % respectively for boll weight and lint percentage. the dominant effect was also in higher rate, 32. 6 % and 16. 8 % respectively. the population mean heterosis of boll weight and lint percentage over the mid - parental mean were relatively prominent 13. 3 % and 3. 5 % respectively in extreme significance. however, boll weight showed no significantly surpassing parental f1 heterosis over the better parent based on population mean ( 2. 0 % ) ; while the lint percentage expressed significant negative heterosis value ( - 2. 1 % ). the gene actions were in conformity with the heterosis expression. it was shown clearly that the f1 combinations crossed between parents with similar performances had relatively high dominant effects and significant positive f1 surpassing parental heterosis ( f1 heterosis over the better parent ) ; while no f1 combination crossed between the parents with prominent mutual difference surpassed the higher parent in yield components, which indicated that among those parents with less difference and close relationships, there still existed sufficient genetic variation or certain mechanism for creating variation and achieving greater advances in breeding. correlation analyses also indicated that there still existed severely undesirable negative correlation between yield and fiber properties as well as the difficulties for their simultaneous improvements

    利用5個具有不同纖維品質性狀的品種（系）配製完全雙列雜交組合20個，通過親本和f1的2年隨機區組試驗發現產量性狀的鈴重和衣分與環境的互作效應小，不存在母體效應，並以加性遺傳效應為主，分別占表型方差的51 . 2 %和65 . 4 % ;顯性遺傳效應所佔的比率也較高，分別為32 . 6 %和16 . 8 % .鈴重和衣分的群體平均優勢較大，分別為13 . 3 %和3 . 5 % ，達到了極顯著;鈴重的超親優勢為2 . 0 % ，不顯著;衣分為顯著的負值（ - 2 . 1 % ） .遺傳分析與雜種優勢結果一致.具體表現在產量性狀上，親本相當配製的組合雜合顯性較高，其超親優勢正向顯著，而極值親本（差異較大）所配組合沒有超過高親的.這表明親本差異小、親源關系較近的親本中仍然存在足夠的遺傳變異或某種機制以創造變異使育種取得更大的進展.相關分析表明了仍然存在嚴重的品質與產量的負相關，遺傳改良的難度較大
  4. The model synthesizes the needs of the company ' s management activities, such as produce, providence, inventory and sale, with optimized control tactics and it also minimizes the inventory cost to ensure the enterprise to get maximum effective profit

    本模型是把企業經營活動中的生產、供應、庫存和銷售等各個環節的需求要素予以綜合考慮，以最優化控制策略控制存儲系統的運營費用為最小，從而保證企業獲得最大有效利潤。
  5. Saturated sand are testes in the laboratory under the undrained cyclic loading condition with static - dynamic dual purpose triaxial compression test apparatus, which is designed under the cooperation of hohai university and marui co. ltd japan. the results indicate that the stress path approaches from a initial stress point to the failure lines as cyclic loading goes on, and eventually converges on a certain limiting stress path in the vicinity of the failure lines. the stress - strain curve, however, does not converge on a closed hystersis loop ; the shear strain rapidly increases in looser sand or gradually and continually increases in denser sand

    利用河海大學與日本圓井株式會社共同研製的新型的多功能靜動三軸儀進行了飽和砂土循環扭剪不排水試驗，研究表明，對于松砂，剪應變幅度快速地由微小增加到百分之幾甚至百分之十幾，對于緊砂，剪應變幅度逐漸地由微小增加到百分之幾甚至百分之十幾；經試驗初步研究表明用初始有效平均正應力歸一化的有效應力路徑很好的一致性。
  6. Tetraploid black locust is a variety has been bred in south korea, the leaves of which are 3 times larger than those of diploid varieties and contain 1. 4 times more protein. and it has no prickles on its surface. it can be used not only as pioneer species in environmental beautifying and ecological restoration, also as fodder, bee forage, timber production, and so on

    四倍體刺槐是韓國培育出的刺槐新品種，屬無刺類型，其葉片大小為普通二倍體刺槐的4倍，蛋白質含量為1 . 4倍多，不但可以作為先鋒樹種廣泛應用於環境美化和生態建設中，還可作為飼料、蜜源和木材等不僅具有較好的生態效益，同時還具有很高的經濟價值。
  7. The study on the characteristics of development and seed setting of different spikelet and floret positions was important for the realization of big - spike - cultural - goal with more spikelets and grains. with both the winter type ( wv ) and spring type ( sv ) varieties sown at different dates, it was found that the greater seed setting capacity of spikelets resulted in more grain number of spike. the trend of differences in grain weight per spikelet between the different sowing dates and varieties was similar to that of grain number. the correlation between the average grain weight of middle spikelets and lower spikelets and the grain weight per spike was highly significant. the environmental changes resulted from different sowing dates mainly effected the middle spikelets development, even though the differences between wv and sv were represented in every spikelet positions. the grain weight on the second floret position was most sensitive to the development status of wheat plant and environmental changes, and could represent the yielid potential of the whole spikelet. the results showed that the enhancement of seed setting of the middle spikelets ( from 5th to 15th ) and the grain development from the first to third floret positions was a key to realize big - spike and grain

    確定小麥不同小穗位和小花位發育與結實特性是實現大穗多粒的重要前提.本文通過對冬、春性小麥品種分期播種試驗得出，較高的小穗結實力是增加穗粒數的重要因素.不同播期、品種之間，小穗粒重和粒數呈現相同的變化趨勢.中部以及基部小穗粒重與穗粒重之間呈高度正相關.體現環境差異的播期效應以對中部小穗發育的影響為主，而冬、春性品種的基因型差異可反映在各個小穗位上.第2小花位的子粒發育狀況反映整個小穗的生產能力.結果表明，促進中部優勢小穗（第5 15小穗）結實和第1 3小花位子粒發育是提高小花結實率和穗粒重的關鍵
  8. The spot responder system which is the necessary part of ctcs is analyzed in the dissertation and three key technologies of the channel in the responder system are researched. firstly, a new kind of rectangular plate magnetic inductive loop antenna is designed to transmit the power frequency. researching the near field inter - inductive characters, the relationship among the inductive efficiency, the perimeter and the conductor width of the antenna is found out

    本文在對ctcs中的點式應答器系統原理及組成進行分析和消化的基礎上，對系統中通道的幾個關鍵技術進行了詳盡的研究，主要分為三個方面: 1 ，提出並研製了新型的片式環形磁感應天線，並對傳輸能量載波的天線的近場互感特性進行了分析，得到互感效率隨天線的周長大小以及導帶寬度的變化規律，並通過計算機模擬和試驗對天線的近場波瓣圖進行了研究;通過分析寬帶匹配技術中的實頻法理論，設計了信號載波天線的寬帶匹配網路。
  9. Ring size effect

    環大小效應
  10. ( 4 ) the results of qtl mapping indicated that the inheritance of yield traits was very complex, the explanation as follows : additive effects except for sterile spikelet number per spike ( ssns ), qtls of additive effects were tested for all other traits, with 10 qtls for 1000 grain weight ( kgw ). the large variance of the effect values and the contribution rate of qtls indicated that the effects are difference for different qtls

    14 。 （ 4 ）通過對產量性狀qtls作圖，發現產量性狀的遺傳非常復雜，可以從4個方面說明：加性效應除不孕小穗數外，各性狀均檢測到了表現加性效應的qtls 。其中，在各環境聯合分析下，檢測到了10個千粒重qtls ，各qtls的加性效應值和對群體變異的貢獻率也存在很大差異，說明不同的qtls不是等效的。
  11. It is found that cyclic loading at high differential stress level will lead to the decrease of felicity ratio, and the value max can be decreased by some crack systems in specimen. there is still a lot of ae during unloading at high differential stress level, which implies that the deformation is dominated by fracturing at low differential stress level, and the deformation by frictional sliding increases greatly at high differential stress level

    關于應力方式對巖石破裂的影響，發現較高差應力水平下的多次循環加卸載會使felicity比減小；某些構造能使巖石產生felicity效應的應力門檻值_ （ max ）降低；由高差應力水平下卸載時仍有大量聲發射產生推測：在低差應力水平下，破裂以裂紋尖端的突然擴展為主；在高差應力水平下，沿已有的裂紋面的滑動破裂大量增加。
  12. The bigger the diameter, the high the heat efficiency, but the weak the temperature increasing ability, length has less effect on the heat efficiency, tilt angle has less effect on the flow field and temperature field while it is larger than 30 degree, vacuum degree and emissivity have great effect on the flow field and temperature field while there is a great temperature difference between the liquid in the tube and the surroundings, the furring has less effect on the heat transfer but should be cleaned up in 3 - 5 years because of poor water quality, the higher the solar flux or the more the temperature difference between the liquid and the surrounding, the more the heat loss and the lower the heat efficiency

    分析了各種因素對太陽能真空集熱管流場和溫度場的影響。直徑越大，熱效率越高，但升溫能力弱；長度對熱效率影響不大；傾斜角度大於30后，自然對流已經能夠充分進行，考慮以能夠吸收到最大太陽輻射為主；真空度和發射率對熱效率和溫度場影響很大，尤其是在介質溫度與環境溫度差異比較大時；水垢對傳熱影響較小但由於水質的問題應該被3 5年清洗一次；太陽輻射強度越大，介質溫度與環境溫度差異越大，熱損失越大，效率越低； 4
  13. After 1989, the increase of demand slowed down and facing the complexion of low degree of industrial concentration of product market and financial strain of medi um and small - sized enterprises caused by the circulating trap of " credit squeeze - - - bad loan ", the advantageous enterprises " " wallow in money ", specifically, those listed companies that could finance from the stock market, began to take predatory pricing strategy in succession and tried to enlarge market share and obtain high return by squeezing medium and small - sized enterprises out of the market after 1998, the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks in product and credit markets, overcapacity, the difficulty of retreating of loss - incurring enterprises in some industries from the market for institutional reasons and over - competition in some industries, led to the incessant decrease of enterprises " global income, persistent increase of rate of debts and constant rise of ratio of bad assets of banks, which further intensified the vicious circle of deflation and " credit grudging " of banks

    如在改革開放初期，在產品市場需求旺盛和信貸市場預算軟約束的情況下，各類企業的最優決策就是採用高負債、高擴張的「負債的有限責任效應」策略來搶占市場並獲得高回報； 1989年以後，需求增速開始放緩，面臨產品市場產業集中度較低和信貸市場「信貸緊縮-不良貸款」循環陷阱導致的中小企業資金緊張的局面， 「錢袋鼓鼓」的優勢企業（尤其是那些可以通過股票市場融通資金的上市公司）紛紛採用掠奪性定價策略，試圖通過把中小企業擠出市場來擴大市場份額並獲得高收益； 1998年以後，產品市場和信貸市場形成了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」惡性循環的狀況。產品市場上部分行業生產能力嚴重過剩，且由於體制等原因導致虧損企業無法退出，因此這些行業中出現了過度競爭的現象，企業總體收益的不斷下滑、負債率不斷提高以及銀行不良資產率的持續上升，又進一步加強了通貨緊縮和銀行「惜貸」的惡性循環。
  14. The problem is that quantum effects are most prominent at small size scales, whereas general relativistic effects require large masses, so it takes extraordinary circumstances to combine both conditions

    問題在於，量子效應在小尺度最為明顯，而廣義相對論的效應卻需要大質量才看得出來，因此兩種狀況的交集，必然是個非常特殊的環境。
  15. 1. speech enhancement method based on masking properties of the human auditory system is described. in this paper, a threshold is got through simulating the frequency of human auditory in order to reduce the musical residual noise and the background noise

    在閾值法除噪中閾值確定是極為重要的環節，本文模擬人耳聽覺掩蔽效應來確定閾值大小，以有效的掩蔽殘留的音樂噪聲和最大限度的保留語音。
  16. The latter part of chapter five, focusing on the study of fit between learning strategies, job characteristics, task environment and learner ' s characteristics, expands the roles organization should assume in order to facilitate individual learning, and analyzes the relation between the roles played by the human resources departments and individuals learning effectiveness

    在第五章的後半部分，著重研究學習策略與工作性質、任務環境以及不同特徵學習主體之間匹配關系，闡述了組織在個體學習中應承擔的角色，分析了人力資源部的角色以及作用的大小同員工學習效果之間的關系。
  17. So, it is of great importance to study multi - tooth meshing effect of three - ring gear reducer to disclose the essence of high loading capacity of three - ring gear reducer, increase loading capacity, minimize design parameters and reduce manufacturing cost

    因此，考慮三環傳動中的多齒嚙合效應對于揭示三環減速器大承載能力的本質、提高三環減速器的承載能力、縮小設計尺寸、降低製造成本具有重要的意義。
  18. How to efficiently resolve the problem of metabolism disorder of reactive oxygen species ( ros ) caused by oxidative stress induced by salt stress is one of mechanisms of halophytes survival under salt conditions, and also indicates the capacity of salt resistance

    如何有效地解決鹽脅迫（ saltstress ）和光氧化脅迫（ photooxidativestress ）引起的體內活性氧（ reactiveoxygenspecies ， ros ）代謝的紊亂問題，是鹽生植物適應鹽漬環境、完成生長發育的重要機制之一，也是其抗鹽性大小的重要標志。
  19. On the basis of frequent field - studies, in the light of the basic theories of ecological design, it tells the benefits and necessity of ecological design for city squares, and demonstrates the basic aims ( aim of function, aim of image, aim of environment ) ; according to the weather and vegetation characteristics of subtropical zone, it tells the cardinal principles ( humality, sustainable development, characteristics distinguishing, integral harmony, public participation ) for the design ; with regard to the architecture enclosing, the space organizing, the boundary effects of city squares, and their size and color, this dissertation also analyzes the space and environment of city squares, and especially discusses the ideas of how to decide the size of a square regarding the problem of building big city squares blindly ; and summarizes the key points of ecological plan and design for the component factors of the space and environment of city squares, and the problem of greening of squares is paid much attention

    在多次實地考察的基礎上，本文從生態設計的基本理論出發，指出了城市廣場生態設計的意義及必要性，明確了設汁的基本目標（功能目標、形象目標、環境目標） ；結合亞熱帶區域的地理氣候與植被特徵，提出了亞熱帶區域城市廣場生態設計的基本原則（人性化、可持續發展、突出特色、整體協調、公眾參與） ；分別從尺度、色彩、與周邊建築的圍合、空間組織、邊界效應及內部交通等方面對廣場的空間環境進行了分析，其中針對當今我國廣場建設中「盲目求大」的現象，重點分析了如何把握廣場的尺度問題；總結了廣場的綠化、地面鋪裝、建築小品、水體等空間環境構成要素的生態設計要點，其中著重討論了當今廣場建設中頗為嚴重的綠化問題。
  20. One of the most important challenges arising from the goal of sustainable tourism development is urban destination tourism planning. the most desirable framework for this intervention depends upon the nature of urban tourism itself as well as political and administrative frameworks. in addition to market planning, the spatial implications of urban tourism also need to be addressed

    旅遊可持續發展所引起的一個很重要的挑戰就是旅遊目的地規劃，為了保護旅遊業所依賴的旅遊環境，為了減輕和緩和旅遊發展所帶來的社會、文化等負面影響，為了使旅遊目的地的經濟效益最大化和負面效應最小化，最有效的干涉方式就是旅遊自身空間組織合理及其空間布局優化。
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