生物微型化 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [shēngwùwéixínghuà]
生物微型化
英文
biomicrominiaturization-
After analyzing purple soil sampled from neijiang, leshan ofsichuan provinec and yuanmou of yunnan province, the contrast results of microbe quantity feature between surface and subsurface purple soil were obtained as follows. the content of soil organic matter, total and available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium of surface was higher than subsurface, not relating to the type of purple soil and soil utilization way. the quantity of microbe _ bacteria, actinomyces and mould in surface purple soil was higher than subsurface, which indicated that the organic matter and airy condition in surface soil was more suitable for microbes growing. there was the same tendency in profile change of microbe quantity in purple soil located in temperate _ humid climate of sichuan basin in contrast with dry _ hot climate of yuanmou, yunnan. the nutrient situation of purple soil in sichuan basin shown that state of surface was better than subsurface, while in yuanmou of yunnan the state was on the contrary due to the degradation of surface soil
實驗室對四川內江、樂山和雲南元謀不同類型紫色土表層和亞表層微生物數量特性的比較分析表明：土壤有機質、氮磷鉀全量及其速效量均表現為表層高於亞表層，與紫色土類型和利用方式無關；三大類土壤微生物細菌、放線菌和黴菌數量均表現出表層高於亞表層，表明紫色土表層的有機質和通氣性優于亞表層，適宜於這三大類微生物生長；溫濕氣候條件下的四川盆地和乾熱氣候條件下的雲南元謀其紫色土微生物數量的剖面變化具有相同的趨勢，唯土壤營養狀況在四川盆地紫色土中表現為表層優于亞表層，而在雲南元謀紫色土中由於表層土壤的退化作用表現為亞表層優于表層的相反情況。They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem
本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同土地利用方式巖溶土壤肥力為重點，對不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找出巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控管理提供依據。The study investigated aboveground growths of caragana korshinskii and artemisia ordosica planted in four modes, revealing that in different planting modes their densities, heights and canopy width and biomasses remained unchanged or tended to decrease slightly ; the young shoots of a. ordosica annually grew in a s - shaped cure and the young shoots of c. korshinskii grew fast in spring and grew slowly or cease to grow from july on ; the biomasses and leaf area indexes of c. korshinskii and a. ordosica annually varied in a double peak curve and there were 8 annual plants that invaded in the four planting modes and formed higher coverage ; the quadrat with only a. ordoska appeared to have obviously lower coverage and biomass that the other three quadrats
摘要對騰格里沙漠東南緣2種人工植被檸條和油篙在4種配置方式下地上部分的生長動態進行了研究，結果表明：不同配置方式下它們的密度、高度、冠幅和生物量基本不變或略微呈下降趨勢；油篙新梢的年生長動態呈s型曲線，檸條新梢春季生長速度較快， 7月份以後生長速度緩慢或基本停止生長；檸條、油篙地上生物量和葉面積指數的年變化均表現為雙峰型， 4種配置方式下共有8種1年生植物人侵，並具有較高的植被蓋度；同其它3個樣地相比，純油篙樣地1年生植物的密度、蓋度和生物量明顯偏低。Objective in order to understand the microbial and paracitical infection status of experimental miniature pigs and prepare spf purification program of those animals, a microbiological and parasitological study was carried out on three chinese miniature gip species : beijing wuzhishan miniature pig, guangxi barns miniature pig and guizhou xiangzhu miniature pig
摘要目的為開展實驗用小型豬spf凈化工作，對北京五指山小型豬、廣西巴馬小型豬和貴州香豬進行微生物、寄生蟲檢測，以了解3個種群小型豬的微生物感染狀況。D - amino acids as unnatural chiral products are important intermediates in the synthesis of products, such as - lactam semisynthetic antibiotics, antiviral agents, artificial sweeteners, pesticide, peptide hormones, and pyrethroids, etc. though bioconversion of d - amino acids using microbial cells has been realized in industrialization for decades, some limited factors hinder the development of d - amino acid production, and ultimately result in shortage of the raw material in the related industrial fields
目前，用微生物菌體轉化生產d -型氨基酸的工藝路線已經產業化，但天然菌體轉化工藝存在一些限制因素，阻礙了d -型氨基酸的擴大生產，導致產品短缺。因此，利用基因工程菌生物轉化d -型氨基酸已成為世界氨基酸產業的新潮流。The paper divided turbidite fan in deep water from long source into braided channel microfacies, inter - braided channel microfacies, medium fan over - belt microfacies, and external fan subfacies, and divided slump turbidite which related with delta into medium fan subfacies and external fan subfacies, and summed up 15 kinds of marking of subfacies and microfacies classification. at the same time, it formed a series of effective technology of analyzing turbidite source at the base of studying region geological which combined with analyzing the content change of terrigenous debris, with the found of logging facies, and with the ancient terrestrial magnetism test and other technology means under the guidance of three - dimensional model of turbidite which has been founded already and the flat surface feature of microfacies
將遠源深水濁積扇劃分為辮狀水道微相、辮狀水道間微相、中扇過渡帶微相和外扇亞相；將與三角洲有關的滑塌濁積扇劃分為中扇和外扇兩個亞相，並總結了濁積巖沉積劃分各種亞相、微相類型的十四種標志，分別為:巖石類型、層理類型、砂巖單層厚度、粒度結構特徵（粒度中值、分選性、概率曲線） 、生物化石、儲層物性（孔隙度、滲透率） 、泥巖隔層特徵（泥巖單層厚度、層數、顏色） 、鮑瑪層序組合和自然電位曲線特徵。In this paper, we selected a widely used organophosphorous pesticide - - monocrotophos, used goldfish as model animal, and chose the vitellogenin induction of male fish as the main indicator, - gtp of sertoli cell in testes, the changes of microstructures of testis and ultrastructures of pituitary and testis as assistant indicators, we finally built up a screening system to effectively detect the environmental estrogen effect of organophosphorous pesticides, and reported that the monocrotophos had the activity of environmental estrogen for the first time in the world
因此，本文選擇國內廣泛使用的有機磷農藥? ?久效磷，以金魚為模型生物，以雄性金魚卵黃原蛋白產生、精巢支持細胞- gtp酶活性，並輔以生殖軸線器官? ?垂體和精巢超微結構的變化，在國內首先建立了有機磷農藥環境雌激素效應的篩選體系，並首次確認久效磷具有環境雌激素活性。The outstanding features of this paper lied in the following aspects : it tried to master the guiding ideology of the reform in science complex ; it tried to find out the optimum biology teaching method : it suggested that the teaching of declarative knowledge should reflect the social meaning and advanced merits ; it proposed applying multiple teaching methods to raise the class teaching efficiency ; it maked reasonable use of all initiative new teaching models, realized the combination of " ability clue " and " knowledge clue ", and endowed the students with the ability to analyze systematically and think in whole. in the period of the revision for the entrance exam, not only the basic knowledge should be consolidated, but their comprehensive ability should be cultivated through the building of subject structure
本文的突出特點是不僅在宏觀方面力求把握理綜改革的指導思想，而且在微觀方面力爭找準優化生物學課堂教學的切入點：主張陳述性知識的教學要充分體現先進性和社會性；倡導在課堂教學中採取多元化的教學方法和手段，提高課堂教學效率：合理運用各類創新型教學模式，實施構建「能力主線」 ，並和「知識主線」相結合，培養學生的系統分析和整合的思維能力。在迎考復習階段，不但要夯實基礎，還要通過學科知識結構的構建培養學生的綜合能力。The results showed that quantity of bacterium and four bacterial physiology groups was positively correlated with quality of illumination ; their quantity showed a reduced tendency with the reducing of the illumination condition, but quantity of fungi was negatively correlated, it was increased gradually with the reducing of the illumination condition ; rhizosphere soil of kentucky bluegrass turned into fungi type from bacterium type ; the rhizosphere effect of various bacterial physiological group of kentucky bluegrass is obvious under different quality of illumination
結果表明，草地早熟禾根際細菌及四類細菌生理群數量與光照條件呈正相關，隨著光照條件的減弱，其數量呈降低趨勢；根際放線菌數量隨光照的減弱呈先下降後上升的趨勢；而真菌數量與光照條件呈負相關，隨著光照條件的減弱，根際真菌的數量逐漸增加；草地早熟禾根際土壤由「細菌型」向「真菌型」轉化；不同光照條件下，根際各微生物類群都表現出明顯的根際效應。Also, the author ’ s design strategy and creativity has been given in this paper. specifically, it includes : based on the feasibility analysis of the fit selection of control parameters in the aeration process, the aeration process of wastewater treatment of the joint - constructional complete - mixed activated sludge process has been aimed at in this paper. then, the state equations of the aeration process have been proposed in this paper, which is on the base of dissolved oxygen concentration ( do ) and discharge quantity of sludge ( qw ) as control variables, the concentration of bod and sludge as state variables. based on the present study on optimization control of wastewater treatment, the multivariable optimal control model with restriction factor has been presented in the paper with introducing modern control theory and system analysis into the field of activated sludge wastewater treatment,
具體包括:以完全混合、表面曝氣合建式活性污泥工藝的污水處理曝氣過程為研究對象，在闡述了曝氣過程式控制制參數選取可行性的基礎上，建立了以溶解氧濃度do和活性污泥排放量qw為控制變量，以曝氣池中有機物濃度s和微生物濃度x為狀態變量的活性污泥曝氣過程的基本狀態方程;運用現代控制理論的觀點和污水處理理論，在現有關于污水處理最優控制問題研究的基礎上，建立了有約束條件多變量能耗最小數學模型，該數學模型是以有機物排放總量和狀態變量的末值條件作為約束條件，曝氣過程的能耗最小作為目標泛函;採用增廣拉格朗日乘子法對最優控制問題進行轉化，並對應用極大值原理求解能耗最小這一最優控制問題進行了詳細的解析;引入約束運算元，應用具有控制約束的共軛梯度演算法對能耗最小這一最優控制問題進行求解，並進行模擬實驗驗證。In the present work, the investigation on the biosensor chip with chemiluminescence detection and novel chemiluminescence systems is reported in part i and ii, respectively
本工作的主要內容是基於微流控技術的化學發光生物傳感器晶元以及新型化學發光體系的研究，全文由二部分組成。These units mainly consist of clay and nannofossil clay
以微型浮游生物化石粘土為主。In the third chapter, the experiments of the anaerobic continuous fermentation of glycerol by klebsiella are explained. on the base of the experiments, dynamic models for the reaction of the microorganism are builded. at the same time, a certain dynamic models based on enzyme catalyzing and gene controlling is listed
第三章數學模型的建立，介紹肺炎桿菌將甘油發酵生產1 ， 3 ?丙二醇的實驗過程和在實驗的基礎上建立微生物反應動力學模型的過程，並進一步給出了幾個酶催化反應和基因調控動力學模型。The change trend of enzyme and microbe in the fermented grains during the fermentation was made clear
初步弄清了老白乾香型白酒酒醅發酵過程中主要微生物和酶活力的變化趨勢。In this study, systems of rapid propagation of the cultivars such as d. zingiberensis, d. panthaica and d. composite were setup to find the best way to meet the need of producing, and to establish the base of introduction, breeding and cultivar improvement of foreign dioscorea with high diosgenin ; in addition, there are two strategies to obtain polyploids combining with chromosome engineering : screeding natural mutations and mutation breeding were carred out on d. zmgiberensis. exploratively studies were done on rapid propagation of the three dioscorea plants. the result showed : explants of d. pathaica obtained the appreciate propagation efficency on ms + ba1. 0mg / l + naa0. 1mg / l, ms basic medium containing 6. 0mg - 1 ba, l. 0mg - 1 kt and sucrose at 30gl - 1 or 60g1 - 1 was the appreciate medium for microtuberization
三種薯蕷屬植物離體再生體系培養條件的探索試驗結果表明：黃山藥外植體適宜的增殖培養基為ms + ba1 . 0mg / l + naa0 . 1mg / l ，微型塊莖誘導為ms + ba6 . 0mg / l + kt1 . 0mg / l + 3蔗糖，高濃度的蔗糖含量（ 6 ）能提高微型薯蕷的誘導率，但對其誘導起關鍵作用的還是ba的濃度；菊葉薯蕷增殖效果較好的培養基為ms + ba1 . 0mg / l ，以ms培養基為誘導微型薯蕷的最佳選擇，誘導率可達50 ；盾葉薯蕷最適宜的增殖培養基為ms + ba2 . 0mg / l ，在誘導微型薯蕷的實驗中發現，當ba濃度為6 . 0mg / l和8 . 0mg / l時， 15d左右節間處膨大形成綠色圓球狀小塊，但繼續培養其上則開始分化芽。Dna electrochemical biosensors have received much attention due to the high sensitivity, specific, rapid response, easy handling, compatibility with miniaturization technology, and low cost
Dna電化學生物傳感器具有dna雜交反應高度的特異性，又具有電化學傳感器靈敏度高、響應快、操作簡便、微型化、價格低廉等顯著優點，成為近年國內外研究熱點。How to obtain the useful biochdrical informaton on this scale is the new tren in the research fie1d of analytical chehascy therefore, single molecule detection, sing1e cell detection, dna ~ and the shaple dna analysis were one of the main research direeons ofanalytcal chendscy nove1 molecular probe and ultrasmali biosensor for real tiine and in vivo detection has been the focuses in the research field of analytical chendstry according to the above mentioned advanced direetions, two pnd of inveshgations has been pdrirmed in thes thesis
人們對生命現象的觀察和研究已經深入到納米尺度和單細胞，單分子的水平，如何在這樣一個尺度范圍內獲取有用的生物化學信息對分析化學的各個研究領域均提出了新的要求。單分子、單細胞檢測、生物晶元的開發以及納米技術的應用漸漸成為現代分析化學研究的主流領域之一。可進行實時、在線、原位、活體檢測的分子探針和超微型生物傳感器成為人們研究的熱點和重點。This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory
本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。Microorganism groups in biological p and n removal process
新型雙泥生物反硝化除磷脫氮系統中微生物的組成Electric - control biochip based on linear - arrayed electrode ( leec biochip ), as one kind of jitas ( micro total analysis systems ), can control electrically microfluid and biochemical molecules and, is a integrative platform for biochemical analysis, which is integrated multiple functions such as injection, separation, detection and automatic operation etc. anew method of electric - control for operating microfluid and biochemical molecules accurately has been represented in many recent scientific researches. arrayed electrodes integrated on microchip, as a good method to generate electric field, have been used widely
基於線性陣列電極的電控生物晶元（ electric - controlbiochipbasedonlinear - arrayedelectrode ， leecbiochip ）屬于微全分析系統的一種，可對多種微流體及生物分子電控操作，是一種集進樣、分離、檢測、智能操控等功能於一體的生化分析平臺，具有微型化、集成化、便攜化及操作自動化的特點。分享友人