益之介 的英文怎麼說

In this part, the writer introduces the inevitability causality theory, chanciness causality theory and some new views of current scholars. in the writer ’ s view, the controversy between the inevitability of criminal law causality and chanciness of criminal law causality will not beneficial to the criminal causation problems

該部分介紹了我國的必然因果關系說、必然偶然因果關系說以及當前學者們的一些新觀點，認為因果關系的必然性與偶然性之爭無益於刑法因果關系的認定，亟待尋找新的視角。

After generalizing the characteristic of modern equipment, the mission of equipment management and general situation of chinese equipment management, basied on two forms of equipment management - - - - - - practicality & value, the author combined quantitative & qualitative methods with example to analyze and discuss questions, especially the reasonable update & depreciation, accordingly achieving the optimization of the technical efficiency & economic benefit 0 one of emphases of the thesis is methods application of equipment reasonable update, that is starting with economic benefit to looking for reasonable using fixed number of year. the thesis used inferior - converted numeric method and rate equation which based on the theory square and combined with harbor loading machines & tugboat ' s actual facts, calculated the economic life of the same machine in order to make sure harbor machines " reasonable using fixed number of year. at the same time, the author made use of midpoint value regress method and stochastic trapeziform forecast method to calculate and analyze and gain the reasonable conclusion o the other emphases is questions of harbor equipment

本文概括介紹了現代設備的特點、設備管理的任務以及我國設備管理發展的概況后，作者從設備經濟管理的兩種形態? ?實物形態和價值形態出發，採取定量與定性相結合，以定量為主，結合實例進行分析與論述，對港口設備的合理更新與折舊問題進行了著重研究，從而實現設備的技術效能和經濟效益的最優化。本文研究的重點之一是設備合理更新的方法應用，即從經濟效益出發，來尋求設備的合理使用年限。本文結合港口裝卸機械和港作拖輪的實際，運用以正方形理論為基礎的低劣化數值法和費用方程兩種方法，計算了同一種機械設備的經濟壽命，從而確定港機合理的使用年限，同時，運用了中點值回歸法和隨機梯形預測法進行計算和分析，得到了合理的結論。

Chapter 4 brings forward the selection and control to owner theory. chapter 5 concerns the applied analysis. it analyses the actuality of corporate governance in stated - owned enterprises and set forth a few innovative suggestions of policy over deepening the reform

第2章介紹了公司治理結構的傳統理論，包括佔主流地位的代理理論及與之相應的公司治理結構理論和影響較大的利益相關者治理理論。

And the setting standard of bus lane is also studied, which includes the standard of bus speed, the standard of bus flow rate, the standard of road condition. moreover the bus signal priority and the pre - signals are introduced and the bus priority network is planned by using the planning method of urban mass transit network. finally the methods of benefit assessment of bus lane, bus approach lane and bus transport priority network are studied, which takes the travel time of each person as standard

系統地討論了公交專用道、公交專用進口道、公交停靠站的設計方法和它們之間的關系；研究了公交專用道的設置標準，其中包括：車速標準、公交車流量標準和道路條件標準；對公交優先信號、公交預先信號進行了介紹；應用軌道交通線網規劃的方法對公交優先通行網路進行規劃；以人均出行時耗為指標對公交專用道、公交專用進口道、公交優先通行網路的效益評價方法進行了研究，並且建立了數學模型。

Secondly, why mortgage becomes a kind of prevailing way of purchasing the house lies in its rationed financing mechanism, making each side that participates in the mortgage benefit a great deal - solving the problem of the mortgagor who is short of funds ; reclaiming funds earlier and scattering the risk of investment ; gaining profits as well as opening up the market of investment

其次，介紹了樓花按揭之所以成為一種流行的購樓方式，在於其融資機制合理，使參與的各方都受益匪淺。解決了購房者資金的不足；開發商可以及早回籠資金，分散投資風險；銀行獲得豐厚利潤，並且開拓了投資市場。

In this article, firstly the background of the textile trade conflicts within sino - us or sino - euro are introduced, thus learn that how to discern and dodge the foreign trade risks, how to choose the appropriate investment projects have already become one of the most important questions for exporting companies on foreign trade affairs well - known as high investment and high risk. so the main text makes a risk analysis qualitatively and quantitatively on a textile - exporting trading company from three angles of statistic 、 game theory and portfolio theory, which is the main content that we studied. firstly, the statistic article adopts data of the transaction closing price of the textile clothing index in shenzhen stock exchange at the end of each quarter as well as several other kinds of data reflecting the macro - economic changes, performs an empirical analysis of these data according to the theory of co - integration test 、 granger cause test and impulse response function of time series in economitric, and learn that the impact to ti is more obvious by the economic index reflecting local commodity price level and economic prosperity degree home and abroad, as well as the impact degree and the time lag degree, and knows the macro - economic risks faced by textile business enterprises ; after that by the game theory angle we analyze exactly the managing risks faced by one textile export corporation named beauty. from the game expansion chart the system arrangement between censor ways by exportation goal countries and exporting strategies by the exporting enterprises has been analyzed. involving the benefit assignment between them both the limited rounds and infinite rounds negotiations of cooperation games have been studied, and then country responsibility and the enterprise managing risks on foreign trade affairs and so on have been analyzed exactly ; in order to realize the investment multiplication in the certain degree to disperse the risk, the

本文首先介紹了中美、中歐紡織品貿易爭端的來龍去脈，由此可知在涉外貿易這種以高投入、高風險著稱的行業里，如何甄別和規避外貿風險、如何選擇合適的投資項目已經成為外貿企業的首要問題。因此，正文分別從統計學、博弈論和投資組合三種角度對涉外紡織品貿易公司風險進行了定性和定量的分析，這也是本文的主要研究內容。首先，統計學篇選取了深圳證券交易所行業分類指數?紡織服裝指數（ ti ）每一季度末的交易收盤價和若干種反映宏觀經濟變化的指標，利用計量經濟學中時間序列的協整檢驗、 granger因果檢驗和脈沖反應函數等理論做實證分析，從而得知反映國內物價水平和國內外經濟景氣程度的經濟指標對紡織板塊上市值的沖擊比較明顯，且可知沖擊程度和時滯度，進而分析出涉外紡織企業所面臨的宏觀經濟風險;接著，從博弈論的角度具體分析一家紡織品出口公司（ beauty ）的外貿活動所面臨的各種經營風險，該篇從博弈擴展圖入手，分析了出口目的國審查方式與本企業出口策略之間的制度安排;並圍繞雙方的利益分配，研究了有限回合和無限回合合作談判博弈，然後具體論述了國家責任和企業涉外經營風險等問題;在一定程度上為了實現投資多元化來分散風險的目的，投資組合篇從經典的markowitz模型著手，在一些特定條件的限制下，給出了一個相應的投資組合模型。

Accounting for contingencies is one important part of uncertainty accounting ， contingencies widespread exist in enterprises ， as a special economic event ， with developments of economic ， financial relations is complex ， the contents of contingencies unceasing extend ， contingencies plays a more and more important role in financial accounting information and operation policy because theoretical and practical research of contingencies is late ， special data is little ， few pay a ~ ention to treatment of contingencies new accounting law points out that enterprises must explain contingencies arising from guarantees provided for the debit of other enterprises and pending litigation this is the first time that the law requests accounting treatment of contingencies accounting standard for business enterprises ： contingencies prescribes the recognition and measurement of contingencies and the disclosure of relevant information ， the standard is the first standard of contingencies ， improves the accounting treatment for contingencies and the disclosure of relevant information the standard will help us improve the quality of information disclosure the article is divided into five parts to discuss the first part is a general introduction of contingencies ， including the history, the classification ， the framework and so on ， all of which would help readers understand the basic concepts in the article the second part introduces recognition of contingencies ， including recognition condition and accounting of some contingencies etc the third part introduces measurement of contingencies ， including measurement principle and selection of measurement attributes the forth part introduces disclosure of contingencies ， including disclosure of contingent asset ， contingent liability etc the fifth part selects some enterprises financial report to analyse ， points out some problems of contingent disclosure ， gives some suggestions about disclosure of contingencies

對于規范我國企業或有事項的會計核算和相關信息的披露問題，提高會計信息披露質量，保護投資者利益，具有重要的現實意義。本文試就或有事項的確認、計量以及信息披露略談一下自己的認識，對準則可能存在的不足之處提出意見和建議，並採用實證方法對上市公司或有事項的披露狀況進行了分析。本文共分五章進行論述，第一章是對或有事項的概括性介紹，包括或有事項的涵義、特徵、或有事項會計的產生、或有事項的分類以及或有事項會計的基本框架等，有助於讀者了解本文的一些基本概念；第二部分介紹了或有事項的確認，介紹了或有事項的確認條件和幾種具體或有事項的會計處理；第三部分介紹了或有事項的計量，包括或有事項的計量原則和計量屬性的選擇等問題；第四部分介紹了或有事項的披露，包括或有資產、或有負債、預計負債等的披露；第五部分選取了部分上市公司的年報進行實證分析，指出了我國上市公司在或有事項披露方面存在的問題，並提出了完善我國上市公司或有事項信息披露的建議。

( 2 ) providing commonwealth via voluntary activities, which makes npo differs from government and corporations for profit. the government is the organization which provides commonwealth by force, and corporations provide self - interest via voluntary. ( 3 ) non - power adhered, which means that npo is the social intermediate organization that transcending government and corporations for profit, and differs from market intermediate organization as well

本定義突出了非營利組織以下三個基本特徵： （ 1 ）非營利性，這是非營利組織區別于其它組織的一個重要特徵，例如能夠分配盈餘的生產型合作社不屬于非營利組織； （ 2 ）以志願提供公益，這使得非營利組織不同於以強制提供公益的政府組織和以志願提供私益的市場（企業）組織； （ 3 ）非權力依附性，即非營利組織是超越于政府與企業之外的社會中介組織，它不同於「市場中介性」 ，市場中介組織不同於非營利組織。

Chan further faced one count of offering five per cent of the contract sum of renovation projects to two senior executives of dtz debenham tie leung project services limited as rewards for the latter introducing those projects managed by dtz to well bright

陳另被控一項罪名，指他涉嫌向戴德梁行建築顧問有限公司戴德梁行的兩名高層人員提供利益，作為他們向軒介紹由戴德梁行管理的翻新工程項目的報酬。有關涉嫌利益是以翻新工程項目的合約款額的百分之五計算。

A new type of joint technique between short _ net copper pipe and soft _ cable connection board, castfusion welding, is introduced. the practice of more than ten years shows that this fusion welding connection has the superiority of higher reliability, simpler processing method, better economy benefit compared to the taper cone face - contacted connection

介紹了電石爐短網銅管與軟纜接線板之間的一種新型連接技術? ?澆鑄熔焊技術.經過10多年的運行，實踐證明短網銅管與鑄銅軟纜接線板的澆鑄熔焊連接，與傳統工藝採用的圓錐面接觸連接相比較，具有加工工藝簡單、運行可靠性高、經濟效益好等優點

Because the regulations of protecting the media consumer interests and rights intersperse among all sorts of civil laws, few people in our country made conclusions about them

由於保護媒介消費者利益和權利的民事法律規范散佈於各種各樣的法律法規之中，國內鮮有人對其進行歸納和列舉。

The government revised the regulation on january 13, 2004 to open npo to establish non - profit employment service agencies. that will help employers recruit foreign workers, reduce brokerage, and effectively eliminate fraudulent brokerage

4已於93年1月13日修正相關法規，開放公益團體成立非營利性就業服務機構，協助僱主引進外籍勞工，使外籍勞工引進管道更加多元化，期能降低外籍勞工仲介費，及杜絕弊端之發生。

The paper introduced the welding repair process for the sealing surface of high - pressure valve board. it greatly improved the inlet high - pressure valves service life and obtained better economy benefits.

介紹了高壓閥閥板密封面焊接修復的過程，經實際使用證明，該工藝方法行之有效，提高了進口高壓閥的使用壽命，取得了較好的經濟效益。

This article is mainly a discussion on the spiritual damage compensation for close relatives of victim under the situations of damage to right of life, damage to the right of health and damage to the right of personality of the dead, which is based on an introduction and comparison of the concerned foreign legal regulations and academic theories and in combination with the legal practice in china wherefore the author put forwards his own ideas as following : first, under the condition that there is a distance of time between inj ury and death, the close relatives of the dead shall inherit the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation of the dead for the suffering before his death, in addition to their own intrinsic right of claim for spiritual damage compensation ; the second, under the condition that the inflictor has caused the disablement of the sufferer or serious damage to his health, the close relative in a limited cycle of the sufferer should be granted with the right of claim for spiritual damage compensation, which is confirmed in law and becomes a practice in foreign countries ; the third, since the aim of the law to protect the personality of the dead from infringement is to protect the benefits of the close relatives of the dead and to maintain public benefits, is constituted on the personality of the dead the close relative of the dead may initial legal proceeding for spiritual damage compensation

本文重點探討的就是公民生命權受到侵害、健康權受到侵害、 「死者人格」受到侵害這三種情形下的受害人近親屬的精神損害賠償請求權問題。探討以介紹和比較國外相關法律規定和學術理論為前提，結合我國的實際情況，從理論與實踐相結合的角度對以上各問題分別進行了分析，並提出了作者自己的一些見解：第一、在公民從受傷害到死亡有一段時間距離的情形下，死者的近親屬除依法享有其固有的精神損害賠償請求權以外，還可以繼承死者生前就其所受之精神損害而享有的精神損害賠償請求權；第二、在加害人的行為已造成直接受害人殘疾，或者是造成其健康嚴重受損的其他後果的情形下，我國應在借鑒國外已有立法和判例的基礎上，賦予一定范圍內的受害人近親屬以精神損害賠償請求權；第三、法律保護死者人格不受侵害的目的是為了保護死者近親屬的利益和維護公共利益，一般情形下，只要死者近親屬能證明其訴訟主體的合法性，能夠證實侵害「死者人格」的行為已構成侵權，即可推定死者近親屬因此而遭受了精神痛苦? ?無須舉證的「名義上的精神損害」 ，死者近親屬即可提起精神損害賠償之訴。最後，本文認為，加強對受害人近親屬的權利和利益保護問題的研究，既有一定的必要性，同時又具有十分重要的現實意義。

The results indicate that after the beam has propagated for a minimal distance in gain media the modulation begin to increase and after the beam has propagated for a maximal distance in loss media the modulation stop increasing

研究表明，對于增益介質，當光束傳輸到某個最小距離之後，小尺度調制才會增長；而對于損耗介質，當光束傳輸到某個最大距離之後，小尺度調制就停止增長。

Dased upon the introduction of correlative theories, articles and viewpoints, this paper construes status in quo of current professional manager market of china and hebei province, and finds out the key problems ; this paper refers to the background and main issues of professional managers " selection, and the structure of managerial talents ; according to the presentation of dynamic standpoints in identifying the abilities of professional managers and the concept of degree of informational asymmetry, we obtain the conclusion that to some extent the talents of professional managers are identified ; then, we give models of factor analysis of anticipant costs and incomes in the process that study on the selection of manager ; based upon the character of informational incompleteness about managerial capability, this paper discusses predominance and inferior position about choosing in and out of the corporation and the problems of arrangement in pairs or groups for two modes ; finally, we put forward the measures and suggestions to settle the problems

本文在介紹相關理論和與論題相關的文章及觀點的基礎上，分析了中國及河北省當前職業經理人市場現狀，找出問題的關鍵；分析了職業經理人選聘的背景、存在的主要問題，以及職業經理人才能的結構；通過對職業經理人才能識別的動態性觀點和信息不對稱程度的引進，說明了在一定程度上職業經理人才能是可識別的；在此基礎上，論文引入了期望成本收益分析模型，對職業經理人的選擇進行較為系統的研究；基於職業經理人能力的不完全信息性質，指出企業內部選擇方式和外部選擇方式的優劣勢，討論了兩種方式的搭配問題；最後提出了解決措施和建議。本文的創新之處在於提出了期望成本收益分析模型，從企業和個人兩方面分析了職業經理人選聘過程。

The historical five - year peb and for selected stocks in the industry between 1991 and 1995 was about 10 to 100

從1991到1995年之間，這行業內某些股票的5年本益比歷史波動大約是介於10至100 。

Xing su ( microelectronics and solid state electronics ) directed by prof. lin chenlu the fast development of information technology requires integrated circuit to be greater integrated, faster functioned, and lower power - consumed, that lead to continuous shrinkage of mos and dram feature size. and under this trend the thickness of mos gate dielectrics ( sio2 ) would soon scale down to its physical limit

日益增長的信息技術對更高集成度、高速、低功耗集成電路的需求，驅使晶體管的尺寸越來越小，隨之而來的問題是作為mos柵氧化物和dram電容介質的sio _ 2迅速減薄，直逼其物理極限。

A service that benefits many applications interfacing with it

） ，這項服務使很多與之介面的應用程序從中獲益。

These factors interact with each other and shape the international arms transfer system dominated by a handful of industrialized states, the author examines the case of france, the third - largest arms suppliers in the world behind the us and russia, and underlines the economic motivations, rather than military strategic reasons, that drive france to export high - tech arms worldwide

本文嘗試分析國際軍售之數項特色，如：它是介於商務貿易和軍事安全的國際交易行為；敏感高科技武器常可加強軍售國軍購國政治關系；國際軍售市場壟斷封閉又高度競爭，常具經濟利益之連鎖效應。