直系同源 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhíxìtóngyuán]
直系同源 英文
orthologous
  • 直 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （成直線的; 硬挺的） straight; stiff 2 （跟地面垂直的; 從上到下的; 從前到后的） erect; v...
  • 系 : 系動詞（打結; 扣） tie; fasten; do up; button up
  • 源 : 名詞1. （水流起頭的地方） source （of a river）; fountainhead 2. （來源） source; cause 3. （姓氏） a surname
  • 直系 : direct line直系繼承人 heir of line; heir of one s body; 直系親屬 lineal relative [relation; depen...
  1. The various colours significant of various degrees of vitality white, yellow, crimson, vermilion, cinnabar : their degrees of brilliancy : their magnitudes revealed up to and including the 7th : their positions : the waggoner s star : walsingham way : the chariot of david : the annular cinctures of saturn : the condensation of spiral nebulae into suns : the interdependent gyrations of double suns : the independent synchronous discoveries of galileo, simon marius, piazzi, le verrier, herschel, galle : the systematisations attempted by bode and kepler of cubes of distances and squares of times of revolution : the almost infinite compressibility of hirsute comets and their vast elliptical egressive and reentrant orbits from perihelion to aphelion : the sidereal origin of meteoric stones : the libyan floods on mars about the period of the birth of the younger astroscopist : the annual recurrence of meteoric showers about the period of the feast of s. lawrence martyr, 10 august : the monthly recurrence known as the new moon with the old moon in her arms : the posited influence of celestial on human bodies : the appearance of a star 1st magnitude of exceeding brilliancy dominating by night and day a new luminous sun generated by the collision and amalgamation in incandescence of two nonluminous exsuns about the period of the birth of william shakespeare over delta in the recumbent neversetting constellation of cassiopeia and of a star 2nd magnitude of similar origin but lesser brilliancy which had appeared in and disappeared from the constellation of the corona septentrionalis about the period of the birth of leopold bloom and of other stars of presumably similar origin which had effectively or presumably appeared in and disappeared from the constellation of andromeda about the period of the birth of stephen dedalus, and in and from the constellation of auriga some years after the birth and death of rudolph bloom, junior, and in and from other constellations some years before or after the birth or death of other persons : the attendant phenomena of eclipses, solar and lunar, from immersion to emersion, abatement of wind, transit of shadow, taciturnity of winged creatures, emergence of nocturnal or crepuscular animals, persistence of infernal light, obscurity of terrestrial waters, pallor of human beings

    顯示出不同程度之生命力的繽紛色彩白淺黃深紅朱紅銀朱諸星之亮度一直包括到七等星以等級標志的諸星之大小諸星的位置御夫座沃爾辛厄姆路172大衛的戰車173土星光環螺旋星雲凝固后形成有衛星的恆星群兩重大陽相互依存的旋轉運動伽利略西蒙馬里烏斯174皮亞175勒威耶赫歇耳加勒176等人各自獨立地同時所做的發現波得和開普勒所嘗試的距離的立方與回轉次數的平方的體系化177多毛的眾彗星178那幾殆無限的被壓縮性，以及自近日點至遠日點那廣漠的遠心的重返大氣層的橢圓軌道隕石的恆星之起源年紀較輕的天體觀測者誕生的那個時期火星上所出現的「暗波」現象179每年在聖勞倫斯節殉教者，八月十日前後降落的隕石雨每月都發生的所謂「新月抱舊月」現象180關于天體對人體的影響的假定威廉莎士比亞出生的時期，在斜倚卻永不沒落的仙后座那三角形上端，一顆不分晝夜散發著極亮光彩的星辰一等星出現了181這是兩個無光死滅了的太陽因相撞並汞合為白熱體而形成的燦爛的新太陽大約在利奧波德布盧姆出生時，出現在七星花冠星座里而後又消失了的一顆同一起源亮度卻稍遜的星宿二等星182還有約於斯蒂芬迪達勒斯出生時，出現在仙女座中之後又消失，小魯道爾夫布盧姆出生與夭折數年後出現于御夫座后又消失，以及另外一些人出生或去世前前後後出現在許許多多其他星座中而又消失了的假定是同一起源的實際存在或假定存在的星斗183 。
  2. In reference to the practical changes in the deregulated markets of the advanced countries in the area of europe, america and asia and the countermeasures of the countries, combing with the problems encountered in the marketing and sales practice of the panzhihua brach of sinopec, the paper applies the swot analysis method, rationally analyzes the outside environment and inside conditions. according to the characterizes of gasoline resources, and the market situation after it transformed from the monopolistic style of planning economy to the monopolistic competition style, the paper also analyze the strengths and weakness of the industry brought by the forthcoming event of the permission of the wholesales market of gasoline. based on the above analysis, the paper posits the marketing strategic objectives and measures as follows : ensuring the management of suppliers, adding the retail and direct sales network, improving operating qualities, making the customer relationship management and realizing the multi - benefits of company and customers

    本文在營銷理論的基礎上，通過親身經歷，調查了解，深入研究了成品油在國際、國內市場中過去、現在的市場狀況和發展歷程，參考國際上歐美及亞洲發達國家先期放開成品油管制後市場的實際變化和應對措施，以及結合中石化攀枝花公司營銷工作中存在的問題，理性分析營銷外部環境和內部條件，運用swot分析法，根據成品油能源特點，就成品油市場從計劃經濟的壟斷形式轉向目前國際國內市場競爭的壟斷性競爭的形式后，對成品油批發市場即將準入后的優劣、利弊進行了分析和研究，提出了「作好供應商管理，增加零售和直銷網路、提高經營質量，充分做好客戶關系管理，實現公司和客戶共同成長」的營銷戰略目標和戰略措施。
  3. Beginning with the connotation of chinese, the authors analyses the relationship between speech form and speech content, illustrates the ever - changing form should follow its basic rules. comparing with content, the author thinks speech form has the feature of direct perception, the stability and limitation. thus, chinese teaching based on the form is not only in accord with the law of individual perception and psychological development, beneficial to develop the students " perception structure, but also it " s an important principle, the center of chinese teaching, the main foundations to train the students " language ability

    本文澄清了人們對語文學科的幾個基本概念的曲解和誤會，從語文的內涵入手，科學地界定言語形式和言語內容的概念與關系，並從學習個體認知學習的心理發展規律和語文教學自身的內在規律方面尋找理論依據，闡述了言語形式雖是「千變萬化」的，但有其基本規律可循，且此基本規律是「千篇一律」的，與內容相比，具有相對的直觀性、穩定性和有限性，所以，語文教學以言語形式為主，既符合學習個體認知學習的心理發展規律，有助於學生良好的認知結構的構建，遷移學習能力的形成及認知能力的發展；同時，以言語形式為主，又是語文教學的一條重要的客觀規律，它是語文教學規律性運轉的「軸心」 ，是培養學生言語能力的「抓手」 、語感能力形成的源泉、弘揚人文性的依託。
  4. At the surface of the pollen grains there are three types of aperturates, including three porates type, three colpates type and three porate - colpates type ; and four types of sculpture, namely, reticulate, striate, striate - reticulate and verrucate. the upper epidermal cells of the leaves of 12 species plants are detected with hpias - 1000 image analytic system through the treatment of binarization, and the experimental methods are proved stable. the results indicated that the waviness of the anticlinal walls ( sfc ) and the ratio of the feret ' s diameter ( slf ) of the epidermal cells of the middle lamina in the third node of leaves starting from the lowerest part of the stem have a relative constant range and could distinguish from each other. oieanolic acid, l, 5, 8 - trihydroxy - 3 - methoxyxanthone and swertiamarin are separately detected on the tlc, and the different chromatogram of various plants can be considered as characters of identification. the contents of oleanolic acid in 12 species of plants are determinated by hplc, but among the different plants and botanical organs their contents are different, and the highest content in flowers

    本文對川鄂產獐牙菜屬藥用植物資源進行了野外調查、標本採集和鑒定，對12種乾燥藥材的性狀進行了描述，提供了可以鑒別的特徵。通過掃描電子顯微鏡觀察的12種本屬藥用植物的花粉粒均為單粒花粉，萌發孔有3孔型， 3溝型和3孔溝型三種類型；表面紋飾包括網狀紋，條狀?網狀紋，條狀紋和瘤狀紋四種類型。用hpias ? 1000高清晰度彩色病理圖文分析系統對葉片上表皮細胞作圖像分析，並進行方法學研究，結果表明，同種植物莖上第3節葉片中段主脈和第1側脈之間葉上表皮細胞垂周壁彎曲程度sfc值和細胞縱、橫向直徑的比值slf值，種間有顯著差異，每種都有相對恆定范圍值。
  5. The percentage of polymorphic sites, degree of genetic polymorphism and genetic distance were compared and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by neighbor - joining method. the partial mitochondrial 16s rrna gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) and the pcr products were directly sequenced after purified. these sequences, together with the homologous sequences of another trichiuridae species lepidopus caudatus obtained from genbank were used to analyze nucleotide difference and to establish a upgma phylogenetic tree by means of biological informatics

    汝us價ay1830 ）各12個個體進行rapd分析，對比多態位點比例、遺傳多態度以及遺傳距離，並構建neighbor - join噸系統樹;通過pcr擴增出線粒體165rrna基因，純化后直接測序，利用生物信息學方法進行序列分析和核昔酸變異比較，結合ge紅bar止中大西洋叉尾帶魚（ lepid （護腳caud玫tuseuphrasen1788 ）同源序列構建u甲cm叭系統樹。
  6. River system is an open system integrating various elements such as economy, society and entironment, in which substance and energy have direct or indirect exchanges through the activities concerned with water and thus there is evolution in different ways

    摘要河流系統是一個經濟社會、自然資源、生態環境相互耦合的開放系統，它通過水事活動直接或間接地與外界進行物質與能量交換，促使系統形成不同時空演化格局。
  7. Find the law of the influence from the injection pressure to the filling time and the cavity pressure and make certain of the best filling time, injection time and injection pressure. though the analysis of the flowing velocity and pressure spread of the key position element in the injection parts in different gate position, we forecast the injection parts quality and the possibility injection flaw and its position, optimize the gate position. in this paper, though the research of analogue of the runner system of metal - powder injection molding and the process of injection molding, we get the law of how the injection parameter influence the injection process

    在相同的注射條件下，通過分析喂料在不同直徑和長度流道中的流動規律，得到了喂料在流道中的速度場、壓力場和溫度場，找到了流道長徑比的合理取值范圍，並得出通過改變流道設計可實現對現有設備資源充分利用的結論；給出了不同注射壓力下，型腔壓力與充模時間關系曲線和喂料熔體平均充填速度與充模時間關系的曲線，得到了注射壓力對充填時間和型腔壓力的影響規律，確定了最佳的充模時間、注射時間和注射壓力；通過分析採用不同位置澆口注射時注射件關鍵位置單元的流動速度和壓力分佈，預測了注射件的成形質量，或可能產生的注射缺陷及位置，優化了澆口設置。
  8. Our aircraft made an emergency landing at an airfield on china s hainan island. we have been in contact with the chinese government about this incident since saturday night

    自星期六晚上以來，我們一直就這一事件同中國政府進行聯系。我們從自己的消息來源了解到，美國海軍飛機安全降落。
  9. The analysis of the large - scale synoptic situation shows that strong precipitation is closely related to the explosion of monsoon and the intensification of cross - equatorial flow which bring a lot of vapor and meet with cold masses at the eastern of northwest district on 8th, june causing extremely heavy rainfall ; that subtropical high - level jet at 200hpa, subtropical high at 500hpa and low - level jet at 850hpa are the weather backgrounds favorable to strong precipitation ; that the pattern of eastern highs and western lows and the establishment of a low - level jet and the coupling between upper - and low - level patterns that determine that the rain occurred in the east of the northwest china ( on average, this is the rainy season for the south of china, but not for the northwest china ) ; that water vapor comes from southerly and easterly flow which converge at the eastern of northwest district with convergence mainly in lower levels and pbl ; that the high value of the whole - level apparent heat source < q1 > is near the area of large rainfall in the direction of northeasterly - southwesterly agreeable to shear line very well and the condensation latent heat releasing is main heat source with vertical advection item playing key role in q1 and q2 ; that there is a vertical secondary circulation crossing low - lever jet whose ascending branch is at the area of large rainfall ; that the construction of convection instability and conditional symmetry instability results that there is not only deep thermal instability, but also moisture influx and triggering mechanism of thermal instability causing strong torrential rain

    作為對比，本文還對2002年6月24 - 25日發生在北京地區的強地形雨進行了分析，並討論陜南、北京地區兩地暴雨的異同點以及地形作用的共性和個性，為兩地暴雨預報提供有益的參考，得出了一些很有意義的結果： 1大尺度環流背景分析表明： （ 1 ） 「 02 . 6 」強降水與6月上旬越赤道氣流和季風爆發密切相關，攜帶大量水汽的偏南氣流與冷空氣於6月8日交匯在西北地區東部，導致了這次強降水的發生； （ 2 ） 200hpa的副熱帶西風急流、 500hpa副高以及850hpa的低空急流的配置非常有利於本文分析之陜西強降水的發展與維持。大尺度形勢分析表明，東高西低形勢場、低空急流的建立和高低空形勢的配置決定了這場降雨出現在西北地區東部。與暴雨區相聯系，存在一支橫越低空急流的經向垂直環流，暴雨區處于該垂直環流的上升支； （ 3 ）偏南和偏東氣流水汽通道在西北地區東部交匯，水汽的輻合積聚主要在對流層低層和行星邊界層內完成； （ 4 ）整層的視熱源< q _ 1 >高值區在暴雨區附近呈東北-西南向分佈，與切變線走向非常一致，降水產生的凝結潛熱釋放是強降水區大氣的主要熱源。
  10. The research shows that students misunderstand the relation between force and motion. gravity and action / reaction ; that in dc circuit, students of different age groups have the belief of " consumption of current ", " clashing currents " and " the battery as a constant current generator " ; that in understanding the concepts of electricity students lack th e knowledge of relating the micro with the macro ; and that students have serious difficulties in understanding the propagation of mechanics wave, the speed of wave and superposition, and do not make a distinction between the initial conditions and the medium properties of the system

    具體表現在：學生對力和運動的關系、重力和平衡、作用力與反作用力存在一些誤解；對直流電路，不同年齡的學生不同程度地存在電流消耗、碰撞電流、恆定電流源等觀念，而且對電學概念的理解缺乏宏觀與微觀的聯系；學生在機械波的傳播、波速、波的疊加上存在嚴重的困難，對于機械波的傳播學生不能區分初始條件和媒質特性，並錯誤地將動力學某些觀念與機械波進行類比。
  11. The main contents are as follows : 1. the theoretical frameworks of the local fiscal expenditure structures are the core contents of the thesis, and its main points are as follows : ( 1 ) die local fiscal expenditure structures are the interrelationship between the different factors under the economic and finance systems ; ( 2 ) the essence of the optimization of the local fiscal expenditure structures is mat the different factors among the local fiscal expenditure structures are suited to the common social needs and the distribution of mem are reasonable and appropriate ; ( 3 ) the efficiency of the local fiscal expenditures are determined by the reasonability of themselves and its effect on the economic variables ; ( 4 ) in addition to adjust the structures, the efficient expenditure management mechanism is needed in order to maintain the optimization processes

    通過研究指明： （ 1 ）地方財政支出結構是指在一定的經濟體制和財政體制下，在地方財政資源的分配過程中，地方財政支出的諸要素相互聯系、相互作用的內在關系和空間表現。 （ 2 ）地方財政支出結構優化的本質是在財政配置資源量占社會資源總量合理的前提下，財政資源內部各構成要素符合社會共同需要的目的，並且分配比例協調合理的狀態。 （ 3 ）地方財政支出結構是否合理，直接關繫到支出本身的效率，而既定的支出效率取決于這種結構對經濟變量的影響，即地方財政支出結構的效應。
  12. The discuss starts from the " positive externalities " of tech - research and development, pointing out that the products of tech - research and development somewhat has the property of " public good ". without < wp = 8 > government ' s interfere, the intensity of tech - research and development by private section ca n ' t meet the need of " pareto optism " because of the " positive externalities ", as a result, the items of venture capital are insufficient and the development of venture captal will be pull back. rational policies of government expediture can internalize the " positive externalities " - transforming them to more revenue or less cost of the tech - research and development private suppliers. be feared of the high risk at the beginning of venture capital, the private section ca n ' t provide enough capital, the " capital gap " should be fetched up by government with equity capital, creditor ' s right capital, subcidy, at the same time, some other means, such as government purchase, credit guarantee, capital insurance, tax expenditure can promte private capital, is also important. in this part, the function of the above means, the establishment and enforcment of them are breafly discussed. because tax policies play a critical role in fiscal policy, r - y chart is used to analyse the relation between tax and venture capital, at last, a conclution is drawn : tax expenditure can promote venture capital

    這部分論述從科技研發成果的「外溢性」入手，指出科技研發成果在不同程度上具有「公共品」性質，這種外溢性使得在純市場條件下，私人部門研發活動強度達不到社會資源配置最優的要求，也使風險投資項目來源不足， < wp = 6 >阻礙風險投資的發展。合理的政府財政支出政策可以使「外溢性」內部化。之後，論述了風險投資資本來源與政府財政支出政策的關系，由於風險投資尤其是其初期的高風險性，民間風險資本不足，應由政府以股權及債權投資、補助等財政直接支出方式彌補資本缺口，運用政府采購、財政擔保、保險、貼息、稅收優惠等間接支出方式，鼓勵民間資本進入風險投資領域也同樣重要。
  13. The system uses the permanent magnet synchronous machine as the driver motor based on the idea of polygonal flux linkage locus and the permanent magnet brush - less motor is as the momentum balance motor by means of speed and current loop in order to track driver motor precisely and rapidly. the harmonious control of driver motor and balance motor is realized by making full use of the dsp hardware resource and complicated programmable logic device. the software design is composed of c and assembly language to realize motor control arithmetic of polygonal flux linkage locus

    衛星天線伺服控制系統以正弦波永磁同步電機作為驅動電機，採用多邊形磁鏈軌跡法（電壓空間矢量法）的控制策略；動量平衡電機採用永磁無刷直流電機，通過電流環、速度環達到快速、精確跟蹤驅動電機的目的，確保了衛星姿態恆定；設計方案中充分利用了dsp硬體資源和復雜邏輯陣列實現了驅動電機和平衡電機的協調控制，並通過c語言和匯編語言的混合編程實現了電機的多邊形磁鏈軌跡控制演算法。
  14. The study paid attention to the change of teacher ' s sense of teaching efficacy teaching motivation and occupational stress under such realistic background. by analysis and explanation of investigation data, the study concludes the results as follows : 1 after implement of curricular reform, general teaching efficacy of teachers who have joined curricular reform compared to their past or to of what teachers who have n ' t joined curricular reform goes up significantly, while personal teaching efficacy ( significantly ) declines ; 2 after implement of curricular reform, intrinsic motivation of teachers who have joined curricular reform compared to their past ( significantly ) presents descending trend, while their outer motivation ( significantly ) rises apparently. so that their intrinsic motivation and outer motivation are significantly much higher than of what teachers who have n ' t joined curricular reform ; 3 after implement of curricular reform, occupational role and personal stress of teachers who have joined curricular reform compared to their past or to of what teachers who have n ' t joined curricular reform goes up significantly, while their relaxation of personal resource significantly declines, but have no remarkable difference at other aspects ; 4 the sense of teaching efficacy teaching motivation and occupational stress of teachers which belong to different characteristic and category exists remarkable difference before and after new curricular reform ; 5 teachers " sense of teaching efficacy teaching motivation and occupational stress tie together tightly, while the interaction of teaching motivation and occupational stress is prominence, occupational stress directly influences teaching motivation, and indirectly influences the sense of teaching efficacy

    通過對調查數據予以分析和說明，本研究得到如下結論： （ 1 ）課程改革以後，參與課改的教師無論與自身縱向相比，還是與未參加課改的教師橫向相比，其一般教育效能感顯著上升，而教師的個人教學效能感則（顯著）下降； （ 2 ）課程改革以後，參與課改的教師與自身縱向相比其內部動機有較為顯著的下降趨勢，外部動機則有顯著地上升趨勢；其內部動機和外部動機都（顯著）高於未參加課改的教師； （ 3 ）課程改革以後，參與課改的教師無論是與自身縱向相比，還是與未參與課改的教師橫向相比，其「職業任務」和「個體緊張反應」方面均呈現（非常）顯著地上升趨勢，而在「個體應對資源」方面除休閑是顯著降低外，其餘無顯著的差異； （ 4 ）不同特徵和類別教師的「教學效能感」 、 「教學動機」和「職業緊張應對」在課改前後的變化狀況上存在（顯著）差異； （ 5 ）教師教學效能感、教學動機和職業緊張應對密切聯系，教學動機與教學效能感相互作用顯著；而職業緊張應對直接顯著影響教學動機，間接影響教學效能感。
  15. Firstly this paper summarized relational literatures on the way of basic theory, study method and conception ; secondly this paper analysed the actuality of allocation for higher schools " s s & t resource according to year 1995 - 2000 < usts > and < ' 00 national r & d resource check data >. then this paper evaluated the allocation actuality by the method of ahp and dea on the directly in - output efficiency and relatively efficiency according t o above analysing. finally this paper optimized the allocation structure by the method of sd. and brought forward the standard of optimizing allocation according to the speciality of s & t resource, and that this paper relevant countermeasures, and offered the decision - making gist for government department

    本論文首先對相關文獻從基礎理論、研究方法和概念方面進行了綜述；其次依據1995 - 2000年教育部每年的《高等學校科技統計資料匯編》 ，以及《 2000年全國r & d清查數據》 ，對河北省高校科技資源配置的現狀，從規模、結構方面，重點對人力資源、財力資源，分別運用層次分析、 dea等方法，從直接投入產出效率和相對效率角度，對配置現狀進行了分析評價；最後根據科技資源配置的特點和基礎理論提出了優化配置的標準，同時運用系統動力學方法對配置結構進行了優化，而且提出了相應的對策，為決策部門提供了可以參考的決策依據。
  16. In the case of repetition mode of the pulse power supply, fast charging circuit is designed to enhance the stabilize and charging efficiency of the dc power supply

    為滿足脈沖電源重復頻率運行時直流電源的穩壓性問題，設計了晶閘管快速充電自停自補單元，同時也提高了整個電源系統的效率。
  17. With the rapidly development of minefield and the rapidly increase of coal output, the excavation scope and depth will extremely rise, the excavation work is under the overlying by the thin rock strata, and under the thick loose bed, the population in mine field will be more and more, the relevant basic industries will also develop rapidly. the mines will discharge more water from the underground, and the production and living will also consume more water. so the original water resource balance system in the minefield will be broken, the ecological environment formed by the nature will be destroyed in some degree

    隨著礦區迅速發展而煤炭產量的快速增長，既定在薄基巖厚鬆散層下的神東煤田開采范圍和深度勢必急劇增大，相應的人口也增加，與其相匹配的其它基礎工業一併迅猛發展，導致礦井外排水和生產生活用水直線猛增，這一系列生產和生活巨量用水必然會打破礦區原始的水資源平衡體系，不同程度的破壞自然形成的脆弱的生態環境。
  18. The dc distributor shelf play a important role in transformer substation, power plant, big and middle plants etc. it supply mainly to the controled, protected and communicate equipment, automechanism, manipulaor and adjusted machine. the same time it may as accident lighting power supply, so its performance and reliability affect directly the running safely of whole power supplying system

    直流電源屏作為供電電源在變電站、發電廠、大中型廠礦企業等供電系統中佔有很重要的地位，主要用於向控制、保護、通信設備、自動裝置操作機械和調節機械的傳動機構供電，同時還可以作為獨立的事故照明電源，所以其性能及可靠性直接影響到整個供電系統的正常安全運行。
  19. Because the dc voltager - stabilized power supply is made of simulate component, its hardware is very complex, and it has other shortcomings, and so on, base on these reasons, we put forward the research : fuzzy control the de - stabilized power supply by single chip micro - comupter

    電站系統主要由直流電源、直流電動機、同步發電機、主配電盤和負載五部分組成。直流電源供電給直流電動機，同時給電動機的勵磁電路供電，通過手動調節實現調磁調速。
  20. In the author ' s opinion the third party has the right to refuse the given benefit, to claim of payment, and to request for protection. besides, it has efficacy to the detors and the creditors. in the end, the article 64 of existing chinese contract law is similar with germany law regulation concerned, but it does not entrust any legal status of the third party

    而後進一步分析了第三人利益合同產生、存在的基礎，以及其在兩大法系的確立過程；其次，筆者結合各國實踐，對第三人利益合同的涵義、特徵、構成要件、基礎關系以及主要類型分別進行分析，並將其同民法理論中的一些相似制度進行比較；再者，從更深的層次論述了第三人利益合同的效力，探討了受益第三人的權利根源問題，提出受益人的權利直接來源於當事人之間的合同，其包括履行合同請求權、給付受領權、保護請求權以及拒絕權等。
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