相位對比系統 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiāngwèiduìbǐxìtǒng]
相位對比系統 英文
phase-comparison system
  • 相 : 相Ⅰ名詞1 （相貌; 外貌） looks; appearance 2 （坐、立等的姿態） bearing; posture 3 [物理學] （相位...
  • 位 : Ⅰ名詞1 （所在或所佔的地方） place; location 2 （職位; 地位） position; post; status 3 （特指皇帝...
  • 對 : Ⅰ動詞1 （回答） answer; reply 2 （對待; 對付） treat; cope with; counter 3 （朝; 向; 面對） be tr...
  • 比 : Ⅰ動詞1 （比較; 較量高下、 長短、距離、好壞等） compare; compete; contrast; match; emulate 2 （比...
  • 系 : 系動詞（打結; 扣） tie; fasten; do up; button up
  • 統 : Ⅰ名詞1 （事物間連續的關系） interconnected system 2 （衣服等的筒狀部分） any tube shaped part of ...
  • 相位 : phase position; phase
  • 系統 : 1. （按一定關系組成的同類事物） system 2. （有條理的;有系統的） systematic
  1. In this paper, ackerman steering linkage of double - wishbone suspension is taken as the study object, choosing the splitting joint and steering lever joint to carry out the design of optimization the mathematics models are established based on the multi - body system dynamics, applying its analysis method of kinematics to study the mechanism kinetic principles owing to more spatial factors considered, and calling off many hypotheses affecting the accuracy, compared with the traditional methods, the models are better to reflect the realistic motion principles, the results are more exact and applicable moreover, the force analysis is applied to the conduct mechanism the analysis method of dynamics in the multi - body dynamics is applied to study the forces applied on every component, working out the constraint reaction force of up and down ball joints, and developing the current computation program in the end, produce the upper wishbone geometry model in the ansys software package, meshing and carrying out the fea, testifying if the intensity of the wishbone meet with the requirements

    本文以雙橫臂獨立懸架的轉向傳動機構作為研究對象，選擇對斷開點和節臂球銷的位置進行優化設計，在此基礎上建立了基於多體系統動力學的導向機構和轉向傳動機構的數學模型，運用該學科的運動學分析方法研究機構的運動規律，編制了通用優化設計軟體。由於考慮了更多的空間因素，取消許多影響準確性的假設，因此建立的數學模型與傳統的方法相比更能反映實際運動規律，得到的優化結果也更加精確實用。此外，本文還針對導向機構進行受力分析，在建立該機構的空間動力學模型后，運用多體動力學中的動力學分析方法研究各個桿件的受力，計算出上下球鉸的約束反力，並開發出了相應的通用計算程序。
  2. The findings of this thesis reflect that the object - oriented method is an effective means used in developing finite element analysis software, compared with traditional method it possesses the advantages of being more structured, easy to be compiled, maintained and extended and the program code can be much more reused. the oop method not only improve the functions of finite element software but also realize the congruity between the computing model and physical model in the real world, and promote the integrity technique of cad / cae

    本文結果表明，面向對象方法是一種強有力的工具，採用面向對象方法開發大型有限元分析軟體是一種非常有效的方法，與傳統的有限元程序相比，面向對象有限元程序更加結構化、更易於編寫、更易於維護和擴充，程序代碼的可重用成分更大，它不僅能提高有限元軟體的功能，而且能實現數據模型與計算機模型以及現實世界物理模型之間的一致性，方便太原理工大學碩士學位論文cad / cae系統的集成。
  3. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  4. This paper is to analyze the fact that the scale of coastal ports is becoming larger and larger and that the increase of coal transportation has already demand the better equipments in coal harbors and shipping quality, to forecast the consumption of coal transportation in the future and to point out the developing trend of coal transportation. the paper uses the method of determining the nature and quantity. the sea coal quantity is forecast by using the detailed transportation in different coastal harbors it evaluates the capacity of different harbors by contrasting true transportation with the deigned capacity

    本項研究採用了定量和定性相結合的方法：煤炭運輸的未來需求主要是應用現有港口吞吐量數據進行預測；對現在港口設施的利用情況以及港口的煤炭通過能力也根據碼頭泊位與實際通過量的對比作以定量分析，文中還大量的運用了系統方法和原理，對我國煤炭運輸的現狀及其市場的發展進行了詳細闡述，最終提出了解決現有不足的對策。
  5. 1. 3 under inquiring, inspecting, contrasting and analysing the information of soil basis ( series ) classification, the soil taxonomy of hubei province is established. and the soil for hubei province are divided into 10 soil orders, 16 suborders, 35 great groups and 54 subgroups, contrasted with international soil systematics such as the american soil taxonomy, the fao world soil map legend unit and the world soil resource reference basis, any sort of soil in hubei province has each own apprepriated places. this conveniently joins the soil taxonomy and the achievements in soil research in hubei with the international convention and realizes the international communication and application

    3通過全省土壤基層分類（土系）信息的查詢檢索和分析比較，擬定了湖北省土壤系統分類，將全省土壤劃分為10個土綱、 16個亞綱、 35個土類、 54個亞類，並與美國土壤系統分類、 fao世界土壤圖例單元和世界土壤資源參比基礎等國際土壤分類系統進行對比，確定其相應位置，便於湖北省土壤分類和土壤研究成果與國際接軌，實現我國土壤信息在國際上交流和應用。
  6. Secondly, in phase unwrapping to overcome the spread of wrong point, changing the patch of unwrapping phase is done to improve the correctness of it. then, the relation between the unwrapping phase and the height of reconstructed object is discussed detailedly. the data processing, algorithm analysis and reconstructing object are done for the collecting fringe image which are all based on matlab language, in all these achievements, the improvement and innovation aspect are following : a ) in order to stabilize the interference fringe, a new equivalent shifting object method is presented by using fringe stabilizing device to stabilize the interference fringe though moving object and ccd camera which fixed on a precise moving platform together, the experimental result shows the fringe drift is less than a / 20 in five minutes, and the equivalent phase shifting precision is x / 100

    論文在全面闡述了光學三維輪廓位相測量術的發展、應用現狀、研究熱點及未來發展趨勢的基礎上，簡要介紹了傅立葉變換和相移位相輪廓測量術的基本原理，對兩種測量方法存在的問題及誤差進行詳細分析和比較；針對位相解包裹錯誤點的傳播問題，作者通過改變解包裹路徑來提高位相解包裹的正確性；分析討論從解包裹位相（ x ， y ）到再現物體的高度h （ x ， y ）物理量之間的關系，研究相應的演算法，利用matlab平臺，對實際採集的條紋圖像進行處理和輪廓重構，其中改進及創新工作主要表現在以下兩個方面： （ a ）針對干涉型結構光場干涉條紋出現的漂移抖動對相移的影響，提出了一種用條紋穩定器穩定干涉條紋，用精密移動平臺使物體和ccd攝像頭同步移動實現等效相移的方法，建立了相應的測量系統，系統的條紋穩定可以達到。
  7. Focusing on the tactical index of ew system - bearing accuracy, this article makes deep - through analysis, comparison and study of the theory basis for traditional direction finding method. a 16 - channel monopulse amplitude - comparison direction finding method and new phase - delay estimating method has been proposed to use, through computer ' s analog computation and relative measures in actual engineering practices, the bearing accuracy of traditional method has been increased and the service requirement of the ew weapon system and adaptability of equipment satisfied

    本文圍繞著電子戰武器系統的戰術技術指標?測向精度，對傳統的測向方法的理論基礎進行了深入的分析、比較和研究，提出了採用16通道單脈沖比幅測向體制和新的相位延時估算方法，通過計算機的模擬摸擬計算，以及在實際的工程實現中採取的相關措施，解決了採用傳統的測向方法提高測向精度，滿足電子戰武器系統的戰術技術指標要求和裝備的適裝性。
  8. 1 ) based on the theory and application of gps, the construction and application of the rtk ( real time kinematic ) - gps carrier phase measurement ( so called rtk ) are studied. the differences between messages type 18 / 19 and type 20 / 21 are compared by analysing rtcm sc - 104 messages, and the advantages and disadvantages of using those types are pointed out. 2 ) the various factors, which influence positioning accuracy, are analyzed in this paper

    論文的主要內容和研究成果如下： 1 ）簡要介紹了gps的原理和應用，論述了rtk （ realtimekinematic ） - gps載波相位測量（通常簡稱為rtk ）系統的組成和工作原理，通過對rtcmsc - 104電文的分析，比較了rtk電文type18 19與type20 21的差別，指出分別使用這兩電文實現rtk的利與弊。
  9. The theoretical part mainly refers to studies of optical parametric chirped pulse amplification. we analyze some basic theories of opcpa, such as phase matching, parametric bandwidth, walk - off in space and time, gain property and so on, and compare the basic properties of bbo, lbo and kdp

    理論部分主要是對新興的光參量啁啾脈沖放大技術的相位匹配、參量范圍、時空走離、增益及帶寬特性等基礎理論進行了分析，並對常用的bbo 、 lbo和kdp基礎特性進行了比較分析，這對于光參量啁啾脈沖放大系統的設計具有一定的實際意義。
  10. A reasonable position of driving nozzle helps to achieve the maximum material flow that also depends on other parameters such as backpressure, properties of conveyed material and driving gas. it is observed that, an increase of convergent section angle is harmful to the pneumatic conveying system, and also influences on the mass flow rate of conveyed material, the distribution of static pressures in injector and the pressure drops of conveying pipe. in addition, within a reasonable scope of air mass rate, increasing the driving jet velocity is more advantageous than enlarging the dimension of driving nozzle

    試驗研究發現，氣體噴嘴位置對氣固噴射器的輸送能力影響最大，氣體噴嘴存在某一最佳位置，而這一最佳位置與背壓、輸送物料特性和輸送風特性相關聯；氣固噴射器的收縮角對其輸送能力、內部靜壓分佈和輸送管阻力特性均有適量影響，收縮角增大對整個輸送系統均不利；在適當的輸送風范圍內，提高氣體噴嘴出口速度比擴大氣體噴嘴尺寸更為有利，但氣體噴嘴出口速度過高會增加氣固噴射器和輸送管內的能量損耗，給輸送帶來不利的影響；系統背壓與氣固噴射器的氣體噴嘴出口速度的選取有關。
  11. Analysis of the sequence variation of cytochrome b gene indicated that there is no evidence of insertions or deletions, i. e., they are all of identical length of 1143 bp in all the sequences of cytochrome b gene. further, the sequences can be fully translated into amino acid using chicken mitochondrial codon without nonsense mutations or intervening stop codons. the 1143 bp cytochrome b alignment contained 416 variable sites, of which 306 were parsimony informative sites with the strongest variable in third codon positions and less variable in first and second codon positions

    細胞色素b基因序列變異分析表明： 1 ）雁形目鳥類細胞色素b基因全序列長度一致，無插入和缺失：對照雞線粒體密碼子系統全序列能全部翻譯成氨基酸序列，無無義突變，全序列內部無終止密碼子； 2 ）序列比對后1143加，含416個核著酸變異位點， 306個簡約信息位點，其中處於密碼子第三位的變異最大，第一位和第二位堿基的變異相對較小。
  12. We examin e the generation of bell state in bose - einstein condensates of two interacting species trapped in a double - well configuration analytically and the density of probability for finding the entangled bell state is given. we find that the oscillation amplitude of the probability of density for finding the entangled bell state becomes greater as the ratio of the interspecies interaction strength and the tunneling rate increases, moreover the self - interaction strength of the component a ( b ) has no effect on it. also we use the time - dependent su ( 2 ) gauge transformation to diagonalize the hamilton operator, obtain the berry phase and analytically the time - evolution operator

    此外我們還研究了在雙阱玻色-愛因斯坦凝聚中糾纏態的演化，研究發現隨著組分間相互作用和隨穿率的比值的增加系統演化到bell態的概率變大，而且組分自身內在的相互作用對形成bell態的幾率沒有影響；並且用含時su （ 2 ）規范變換對角化哈密頓量得到了系統的berry位相和時間演化算符，並研究了量子隨穿過程。
  13. It is shown that the fgb and sgb passing through a paraxial abcd system demonstrate similar irradiance profile at the positions of the equal generalized fresnel number. but the fgb and sgb passing through a paraxial abcd optical system having spherically aberrated lens do not demonstrate similar irradiance profile at the positions of the equal generalized fresnel number. the nearly same irradiance profile at the positions of the equal generalized fresnel number can be achieved if the fgb and sgb have the same a / 2 - factor and waist width

    在此基礎上首次對相同m ~ 2因子、四川大學博士學位論文不同束腰寬度的平頂高斯光束和超高斯光束作了比較，發現具有棋同礦因子、不同束腰寬度的平頂高斯光束和超高斯光束在近軸abcd光學系統中傳輸時，在菲涅爾數相同的兩個面上具有相側的光強分佈
  14. Mathematic model of collision avoidance judging based on the information of distance, relative velocity and azimuth angle is made in this paper, it can effectively avoid inveracious alert, and it analyzes the processing method of many kinds information in the system

    本文根據雷達探測系統得到的目標距離、相對速度和方位角等信息，建立了監控系統防碰撞數學模型，與其他模型相比該模型能夠最大限度地避免錯誤警報的發出，並且分析了各種信息在系統中的處理過程。
  15. Overtaking. besides, this thesis also presents fuzzy - based multi - phase intelligent signal control strategy according to the deficiencies of present traffic signal control system and the research of fuzzy traffic signal control, this signal control strategy focuses on the single junction signal control problem, though imitating the ways of traffic police managing the traffic, it has the ability of intelligent phase changing and controlling in the light of the real traffic flow, the simulation result shows : in two - and multi - phase conditions, the average vehicle delay is reduced by 15 % and by 27 % compared with the general fuzzy control method

    此外，本文還根據目前交通信號控制方法的不足以及現有的運用模糊控制技術進行交通信號控制研究上的欠缺，提出了基於模糊控制的多相位智能擬人信號控制策略，該控制策略以單交叉口的信號控制為研究對象，通過模擬交通指揮者實際進行交通控制的特點，使控制系統能實時根據各相位車輛的多少進行信號的智能控制，模擬結果表明：與普通模糊交通信號控制方法相比，在兩相位與多相位的模式中可分別減小平均停車延誤平均15和27 。
  16. First, based on location theories and systems model methods, the location factors were quantified by establishing the location advantage models ( including economic attraction model and spatial aggregation model ) and location feasibility models. the location advantage grades and location feasibility types were set up, according to the result of location models of daxing district. secondly, based on the landscape analysis of the 4 towns chosen form location grades system, the landscape status has been judged by landscape pattern analysis, then the relationship of location typies and landscape pattern has been analyzed

    首先，依據區位理論，運用系統模型方法，將區位因素定量化建立區位優勢度模刑（包括經濟吸引度模型和空間聚集度模型）和區位適宜度模型，對大興區小城鎮體系的區位狀況進行分析並劃分區位優勢度等級，分析其區位適宜狀況，判斷其適宜度類型；其次，對4個典型區位小城鎮進行景觀格局分析，判斷景觀格局的優勢與不足，並分析區位類型與景觀格局的相互關系；第三，建立格局優化模型，綜合考慮經濟、生態和社會三者效益，得出研究區各類景觀的最優比例，並對典型城鎮進行優化格局功能分區。
  17. On basis of fractal theory and the principle of fractional brownian motion, this paper puts emphasis on the following parts : firstly, the determination of fractal non - scale range on calculate fractional dimension is discussed, which adopts method associated artificial cognition with track decision. secondly, primeval data are segmented into blocks to evaluate their sub - fractional dimensions. in this process, the maximal value of sub - fractional dimensions in different directions is prioritized

    本文利用分形幾何理論與分形布朗運動原理，重點研究和分析了以下的幾個問題：分形維數計算時無標度區的確定，使用了人工法與軌跡法相結合的方法；對原始數據進行分塊分別計算其子分形維數，考慮了實際地形特徵的方向性，計算得到的子維數為局部的最大坡度方向上的方向維數；改進了傳統的隨機中點移位（ rmd ）內插技術，使用不同的插值比系數進行插值。
  18. The motion compensation of radar target and an analysis of influence of component imperfection in the realization of the method are presented. to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. monte carlo simulation has been conducted to estimate the root mean square error of the angle estimates and the spatial resolution snr threshold in the cases of both non - fluctuating targets and fluctuating targets

    在此基礎上，提出了針對相位權重角度超分辨法的雷達目標的運動補償方法，分析了雷達系統各部件的不理想性對超分辨性能的影響，用montecarlo方法對無抖動目標和有抖動目標在不同信噪比下的方位估計誤差和方位超分辨的信噪比門限進行了模擬計算，並將結果同波束空間music方法及cramerrao限進行了比較。
  19. Present methods generally based on the statistics of earthquake damage, expert experiences, theory analysis and experimental researches have obvious advantages, disadvantages and certain scopes of application ; ( 2 ) different prediction methods should be adopted against different building conditions, sites, intensity and experiences etc to predict earthquake damage of buildings for prospective accuracy, dependability and availability ; ( 3 ) earthquake damage matrix, which is the foundation of earthquake damage prediction, of 7 kinds of building in the urban areas of zhangzhou city under intensity 6 to 9 has been set up. the damage conditions of different buildings under different intensity are as followings : all kinds of structures are basically intact under intensity 6 ; the reinforced concrete structures are basically intact under intensity 7, but other kinds of structures are destroyed slightly ; the reinforced concrete structures are still basically intact while other kinds of structures are destroyed intermediately under intensity 8 ; the reinforced concrete structures are destroyed slightly, single - story factories and open houses are destroyed intermediately and other kinds of structures are destroyed seriously under intensity 9 ; ( 4 ) the results of earthquake damage predicting of buildings embody the damage when earthquake happens in the future. thus, further identifications and reinforcements should be considered to buildings that will be destroyed intermediately or more under the earthquake with 10 % exceeding probability in future 50 years ; ( 5 ) the direct economic losses caused by damage of buildings resting with the area, structural type, intensity and damage of all kinds of buildings are the main part of the losses of the city in an earthquake ; ( 6 ) the direct economic losses increased progressively toward high intensity by 2 or 3 times

    基於上述研究，得出的主要結論有：建築物震害預測是一個模糊的、系統的、復雜的問題，現有的方法很多一般都是以震害統計規律、專家經驗、理論分析和試驗研究為依據，有其自身的優缺點和一定的適用范圍；應針對不同的建築物條件、場地條件、地震強度和已有經驗等，採用不同的預測方法進行建築物震害預測，以使預測結果達到預期的精確性、可靠性和可操作性；建立了漳州市區7類建築物在6度9度地震作用下的震害矩陣，成為指導抗震防災的重要依據，各類結構的震害情況表現為： 6度地震作用下各類建築物基本完好； 7度地震作用下除鋼筋混凝土結構基本完好外其餘以建築輕微破壞為主； 8度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構仍以基本完好為主而其餘建築以中等破壞為主； 9度地震作用下鋼筋混凝土結構以輕微破壞為主，單層工業廠房和空曠房屋以中等破壞為主，其餘建築以嚴重破壞為主；建築物的震害預測結果體現了未來地震來臨時的震害程度，在編制漳州市區抗震防災規劃時，對于遭遇50年超越概率10的地震影響發生中等以上破壞的建築物應考慮進行抗震鑒定和加固；由建築物的破壞所造成的直接經濟損失是城市地震經濟損失的主要部分，重慶大學碩士學位論文中文摘要其主要與建築物總面積、結構類型、地震烈度和各類建築物的震害程度有關;不同烈度造成的直接經濟損失按2一3倍向高烈度方向遞增，漳州市區直接經濟損失由6度至9度的比例關系為1 : 2 . 8 : 8 . 6 : 22 . 8 ;遭遇基本地震設防烈度（ 7度）時，漳州市區直接經濟損失約4 . 5億元，無家可歸人員約40000人，且以磚木結構和多層磚混結構的震害損失最大;地震造成的人員傷亡主要與建築物倒塌及嚴重破壞的程度和總面積以及震時的建築物室內人數密切相關，地震時無家可歸人員主要與住宅倒塌、嚴重破壞及中等破壞的程度和總面積以及城市人均居住面積密切相關。
  20. Because of the changes of the surroundings, the camera ' s focusing plane will offset in different degree. in order to ensure the imaging quality of the space camera in complicated environment, the camera ' s focusing plane needs be modulated. so it is necessary to devise a system to adjust the place of the space camera ' s focusing plane. in this paper, auto - focusing mechanism the space camera been reach on

    由於環境條件的變化，相機的焦面將產生不同程度的偏移，即離焦，為保證相機在比較復雜的環境條件下的成像質量，需對相機變化的像面加以校正，因此設計一套調整空間相機像面位置的系統，即調焦系統是十分必要的。
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