相對生物效用 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [xiāngduìshēngxiàoyòng]
相對生物效用 英文
relative biological effectiveness
  • : 相Ⅰ名詞1 (相貌; 外貌) looks; appearance 2 (坐、立等的姿態) bearing; posture 3 [物理學] (相位...
  • : Ⅰ動詞1 (回答) answer; reply 2 (對待; 對付) treat; cope with; counter 3 (朝; 向; 面對) be tr...
  • : Ⅰ動詞1 (生育; 生殖) give birth to; bear 2 (出生) be born 3 (生長) grow 4 (生存; 活) live;...
  • : 名詞1 (東西) thing; matter; object 2 (指自己以外的人或與己相對的環境) other people; the outsi...
  • : Ⅰ名詞(效果; 功用) effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 (仿效) imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • : Ⅰ動詞1 (使用) use; employ; apply 2 (多用於否定: 需要) need 3 (敬辭: 吃; 喝) eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 相對 : 1. (面對面) opposite; face to face 2. (非絕對的) relative 3. (比較的) relatively; comparatively
  • 生物 : living things; living beings; organisms; bios (pl bioi bioses); biont; thing; life生物材料 biol...
  • 效用 : effectiveness; efficacy; efficiency; utility; usefulness; avail
  1. After analyzing purple soil sampled from neijiang, leshan ofsichuan provinec and yuanmou of yunnan province, the contrast results of microbe quantity feature between surface and subsurface purple soil were obtained as follows. the content of soil organic matter, total and available nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium of surface was higher than subsurface, not relating to the type of purple soil and soil utilization way. the quantity of microbe _ bacteria, actinomyces and mould in surface purple soil was higher than subsurface, which indicated that the organic matter and airy condition in surface soil was more suitable for microbes growing. there was the same tendency in profile change of microbe quantity in purple soil located in temperate _ humid climate of sichuan basin in contrast with dry _ hot climate of yuanmou, yunnan. the nutrient situation of purple soil in sichuan basin shown that state of surface was better than subsurface, while in yuanmou of yunnan the state was on the contrary due to the degradation of surface soil

    實驗室四川內江、樂山和雲南元謀不同類型紫色土表層和亞表層微數量特性的比較分析表明:土壤有機質、氮磷鉀全量及其速量均表現為表層高於亞表層,與紫色土類型和利方式無關;三大類土壤微細菌、放線菌和黴菌數量均表現出表層高於亞表層,表明紫色土表層的有機質和通氣性優于亞表層,適宜於這三大類微長;溫濕氣候條件下的四川盆地和乾熱氣候條件下的雲南元謀其紫色土微數量的剖面變化具有同的趨勢,唯土壤營養狀況在四川盆地紫色土中表現為表層優于亞表層,而在雲南元謀紫色土中由於表層土壤的退化作表現為亞表層優于表層的反情況。
  2. They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem

    本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山(自然保護區) 、黔江武陵山(國家重點退耕還林示範縣,森林覆蓋率50以上)和北碚中梁山(遭人為破壞嚴重)典型巖溶區為象,選擇了幾種重要的利方式,包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡,採野外巖溶態調查和室內試驗測量分析結合的方法,以不同土地利方式巖溶土壤肥力為重點,不同土地利方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析,找出巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因,論文主要從土壤剖面理退化指標(有土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等) ,化學肥力退化指標(有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速p和速k等) ,樣地土壤微指標(細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量)以及樣地土壤種子庫植群落多樣性等4個方面重慶典型巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究,為巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利及結構的調控管理提供依據。
  3. 1. ecological effects of long - term organophasphate pesticides contamination on soil microflora the long - term effects of organophosphate pesticides contamination on soil microflora were investigated in the present study. little difference in total counts of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi was observed between the contaminated and the non - contaminated soil. compared with the control there were a slight decrease in total counts of free - living nitrogen - fixer and denitrifying bacteria and a significant increase in those of ammonifying and ammonia - oxidizing and nitrifying _ bacteria in the methylparathion contaminated soil

    一、甲基硫磷長期污染土壤微態學應研究了有機磷農藥甲基硫磷長期污染土壤微的影響,實驗表明:土壤細菌、放線菌、真菌總的數量影響不大;自固氮菌和反硝化細菌數量減少;氨化細菌、亞硝化細菌、硝化細菌的數量在污染土壤中卻有所增加;與照土壤比,污染土壤呼吸作下降了29 . 93 ;氨化作和硝化作強度得到增強。
  4. On the base of degrading effect of cm, the paper investigated the correlation between microorganisms and nutrient salt in the water body. it showed that the correlation between ammonifying bacteria and nh3 - n was 0. 74 ; the correlations between nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria and no _ ( 3 ) - n were 0. 65, - 0. 53, respectively. the correlation between phosphorus bacteria and po _ ( 4 ) ~ ( 3 ) p was 0. 76

    根據復合微水質的降解果,選擇其使量為2g時,水體中微功能菌群與營養鹽含量的關性進行了研究,其中氨化菌與氨氮,硝化菌與硝氮,磷細菌與磷酸鹽均成正關關系,關性r分別為0 . 74 , 0 . 65 , 0 . 76 。
  5. Abstract : the total quantity of perylene quinonoids in hypocrella bambusae ( b. et br. ) sacc., shiraia bambusicola p. henn and culture substance of ascomycetes hypocreacae ( fr ) tul. sp. were determined with spectrophotometric methods. the relative extraction efficiency were studied when ethanol, acetone and chloroform were used as solvents. among them acetone was the best one

    文摘:分光光度法測定了竹紅菌、竹黃和菌寄菌培養中?醌類化合的總量;同時研究了以無水乙醇、丙酮和氯仿為溶劑提取?醌類化合率,結果發現以丙酮為溶劑最合適。
  6. It was suggested that eric - pcr could substitute for rapd in research related to the genetic identification and genetic diversity in auricularia and other edible and medicinal fungi : 2 to a certain extent, genetic differences among auricularia strains tested in this study did not have necessary relativity with their geographical origins respectively ; 3 in this study, genetic diversity in a. polytricha was higher than that in a. auricula : 4 in this study, a. fuscosuccinea had a higher homology to a. auricula than to a. polytricha ; 5 morphological characteristics validated the results from eric - pcr and provided a potential explanation for the higher similarity coefficient between a. auricular and a. fuscosuccinea ; 6 southern hybridization was employed by choosing a strain from a. auricula as a probe which hybridized with a. auricula and a. fuscosuccinea except a. polytricha, further confirming the veracity of the results from eric - pcr ; 7 in this study, isozyme analysis could not cluster the 7 strains from three auricularia species to different groups efficiently ; 8 2 strains from two auricularia species revealed high conservative degree and the restriction fragment patterns by 4 kinds of restricted enzymes showed no diversity

    本研究中,木耳屬2個種的2個菌株在its區域表現出較高的保守性, 4種限制型內切酶的酶切圖譜沒有顯示出多態性;增加內切酶種類及供試菌株數量,有可能獲得具有多態性的限制性內切酶酶切圖譜; 9本實驗中, its區域的真菌特異性引與真核于擴增果無較大差異,擴增片段長度均為650bp左右; 10根據形態學實驗、 eric - pcr實驗以及southern雜交實驗的結果分析,紫木木耳屬種質資源的遺傳鑒定和遺傳多樣性評價耳極有可能是毛木耳種的一個變種; n .本研究中所的gutc法是一種適於木耳屬菌株基因組洲a快速提取的方法; 12 .傳統的形態學分類法和現代的分子學分類法,兩者的關系是成,互為驗證
  7. Such as when the substrates was benzidine and a - naphthol, the absortion peak was 450nm after catalyticed by dna, and 501nm after catalyticed by pod, if changing substrate to benzidine and pyrocatechol, the absortion peak was 503nm after catalyticed by dna and 603nm after catalyticed by pod. the second difference was the different result after hplc : the result of hplc ( substrates : benzidine and a - naphthol ) showed that the products under the affect of dna and pod had different value on the peak and the area

    然後以聯苯胺與-萘酚為底,以h _ 2o _ 2為氧化劑,進行高色譜分析,分析結果表明dna與過氧化酶作后的產在峰面積和峰高上有不同數值;同時,不同形式的dna該反應都有催化活性,表明只要是來源的dna (非特異性dna )都具有一定程度的催化活性。
  8. Based on the diopter status of myopia and hypermetropia, the paper presented the principle of excimer laser refractive surgery, the change of impacting cornea curvature on the cornea diopter. in this chapter, we also discussed excimer laser - corneal tissue interactions and photoablation. determine the relationship between the fluence of arf excimer laser and the cornea ablation rate, attain the relationship between the energy density and the ablation depth

    研究了激光與組織互作、光蝕作及準分子激光消融角膜的機理;首次定量研究193nm準分子激光高斯光束的切削量與能量密度的關系,計算單個激光脈沖角膜切削量;發現了角膜曲率切削果的影響,首次提出了角膜曲率半徑、切削位置與切削深度的關系;首次定量確定了激光光斑參數及其排列方式術后角膜表面粗糙度的影響,為更精確實現角膜切削和提高切削后角膜表面光潔度、減少手術后角膜渾濁及角膜表面術后不規則提供了理論依據。
  9. Annuals, as a general rule, are very responsive to phosphorus fertilization.

    通常說來,一年磷肥是當有的。
  10. In this study a microbial system for biphenyl biodegradation is set up in order to investigate the effects of surfactants on biodegradation of hydrophobic organic compounds. four strains which can grow on biphenyl as the sole carbon and energy sources are selected out, in which alcaligenes eutrophus dj1 and pseudomonas sms02 are chosen as degradation strains. after studing the bioavailability of three nonionic surfactants ( op - 10, tween - 80, and triton x - 100 ), they are added into the biodegradation system of biphenyl

    為了考察表面活性劑疏水性有機污染降解的影響,本論文選擇聯苯作為模擬研究體系,篩選、馴化得到四株可利聯苯作為碳源長的菌株;考察了聯苯降解菌株三種非離子表面活性劑op - 10 、 tween - 80 、 tritonx - 100的可利性;色譜法測定了非離子表面活性劑聯苯的增溶曲線;較系統地研究了加入非離子表面活性劑聯苯降解速率的影響。
  11. According to the environment features inside and outside caves in guizhou and current development of cave creature study home and abroad, making use of karstology, environment science, ecology, zoology and the theory of human - land relation, and through combining microscale with macroscale, component with system, field investigation with interview, and theory with experiment, the author chooses guiyang, anshun, pingba and honglin, where human activities are frequent and strong, to make a macroscopical investigation on animals and environment, and selects some typical caves in honglin to make a comparison study on environment features inside and outside the caves, biodiversity and present situation of plant society, and adaptability of cave animals to environment, and analyzes theoretically the effects of human activities on the cave animals and evaluates objectively the development potential of cave animal resource

    根據貴州喀斯特洞內外環境和國內外洞穴動研究現狀,運喀斯特學、環境學、態學、動學以及人地關系等關理論,採取點面結合,特殊與一般結合,系統與要素結合,實查與訪問結合,理論與實驗結合的方法,選擇貴陽、安順、平壩、紅林等人類活動強度大的區域進行面上動和環境的調查,選擇紅林地區代表性的洞穴洞內外環境、種多樣性及群落現狀、動環境的適應等進行比研究,理論分析人類活動洞穴動的影響和客觀評判人類活動的洞穴動應與動開發潛力。
  12. Therefore the emergence and development of the culture of science and technology can be traced back to the initial conditions of geography and climate, viewed as the factor of internal fluctuation from the sensitiveness of the random choices of the cognitive subject to the initial conditions. since a culture has a pivotal component as its core, once the culture of science and technology comes into being under nonlinear interactions of the social subsystems, the core component functions in the same manner as order parameter in the self - organization system, immensely attracting, regulating and controlling others under the slaving principle. and thus the analysis provides a nonlinear approach to the needham ' s problem

    于任何思想文化傳統而言,其形成和延續都有其現實的活的根源,因而,于科技文化的產和發展,我們能夠返回到其發的原點? ?即地理氣候等初始條件,從認知主體的隨機性選擇初始狀態的敏感性方面,視其為科技文化產的內漲落因素,考察其科技文化形成的影響;而一種文化之所以稱其為文化,必有其全局控制力的核心因素,科技文化是在社會各子系統非線性的互作下形成,其核心因素所發揮的作就如同序參量在自組織系統中的作那樣,在支配原理的作下起著規范、引導和支配等
  13. With the purpose of better understanding some weak links in this subject, we comprehensively and systematically compared the effects of some typical inhibitors and their different combined ways in inhibiting cd bioavailability in purple soil, further studied the laws and affecting factors of cd ' s transfer and transformation in soil - plant system, revealed the mechanisms inhibitors function, and explored the practicable inhibitor prescriptions and their usage. the results are expected to provide reliable techniques for controlling cd pollution of agricultural soils in chongqing and it is also significant to ameliorate soils polluted by other kinds of heavy metals. comprehensive methods including pot experiment, laboratory culture experiment, kinetic and thermodynamic adsorption - desorption experiment were adopted in this study, and the acidified purple soil was chosen to test, considering that cd is highly active in this soil

    本研究針重慶市農業土壤的污染狀況,選取鎘活性較高的酸化紫色土為供試土壤,採盆栽試驗、培養試驗、化學熱力學與動力學吸附試驗結合的方法,系統研究和比較多種調控劑及其不同組合方式活性的應,並揭示鎘在土壤?植系統中的遷移轉化規律及影響因素,進一步分析調控劑的作機理,探尋具有實際應價值的調控劑配方及合理使的方法,這不僅可以為重慶市農業土壤鎘污染的防治提供可靠的技術保障,而且于其它重金屬污染的治理也有一定的理論意義。
  14. The result of experimentation on coupling effect of water and fertilizers on spring corn in the three gorges reservoir area indicate that water stresslead the effect low of highness and lai, and the most effect is made in shooting stage ; it has a significant positive correlation between the yield of corn and biomass, and hasn ' t none significant positive correlation between the yield of corn and the weight of roots ; the coupling effect of water and n is significant, but the coupling effect of water and k is not significant, the maximum yield of corn condition fitting - water and medium n, corn absorbs n has a threshold value during the growth, and using superfluous n is able to prick up soil drought and crop drought ; water is the leading factor which effects the yield of corn, next is n and k

    摘要三峽庫區春玉米盆栽水肥耦合試驗研究結果表明,水分脅迫導致玉米株高和葉面積指數降低,以拔節期受到影響最大;玉米產量與量呈顯著正關關系,產量與根重無顯著正關關系;水氮耦合應顯著,適宜水分和中氮處理下玉米的產量最高,玉米長發育氮肥的吸收存在一定的閾值,過多施氮肥會加劇土壤乾旱和作乾旱,水和鉀耦合玉米產量影響不顯著;水分是影響玉米產量的主導因素,其次是氮應和鉀應。
  15. In such a phase when the contractual relation is already established, one party is more liable to trust the opposite party, invests actively and prepares for the taking effect and fulfilling of the contract. if one party abandons the trust of the other, makes out conducts which violate the principle of good faith, such as tearing up the contract unilaterally disposing the object of the contract presumptuously, and so on, the other party " s advantage will be damaged very easily

    在合同未階段,由於當事人之間的合同關系已經確立了下來,他們比起在締約階段更有理由方產信賴,從而積極地做出投資,為合同的、履行作準備,倘若此時一方背棄另一方的信賴,做出單方面撕毀協議、擅自處分合同標的等違背誠實信原則的行為,極容易給方造成損害。
  16. To assess the medicinal value of cultural anisodus tanguticus, the contents of four bioactive tropane alkaloids, anisodine, anisodamine, scopolamine and atropine, in cultural and wild materials were determined by the hplc method. the results showed that content of each alkaloid in the aboveground parts of cultural and wild samples was lower than that in roots, and this explained why it was not the whole plant but the root that was used as medicinal materials. the content of each alkaloid in the roots of one - year cultural material was lower than that in the two - year plants. the discrepancy of the total of four alkaloids between one - year and wild plants is not significant. moreover, the total of four alkaloids, and the contents of anisodine, scopolamine, and atropine in two - year plants were higher than those in wild plant. thus there is medicinal value in the cultivated a. tanguticus as well as wild a. tanguticus, especially in the two - year cultural a. tanguticus

    為了評估人工栽培山莨菪的藥價值,採色譜技術人工栽培和野山莨菪的地上部分和根中具有活性的4種托烷類堿:樟柳堿、山莨菪堿、東莨菪堿和阿托品的含量進行了測定.結果表明無論是人工栽培還是野,地上部分中4種堿含量均遠低於根,這解釋了人們為什麼山莨菪的根而不是整株入藥.在栽培植的根中,一年山莨菪中各堿含量均小於二年山莨菪,其根中4種堿總量與野比差異不是很明顯;二年山莨菪根中, 4種堿總量以及樟柳堿、東莨菪堿和阿托品含量均比野的高.這說明人工栽培的山莨菪,尤其是二年山莨菪,同野山莨菪一樣具有一定的藥價值
  17. Tar content in the gas was influenced by the gasification conditions, such as the gasification temperature, residence time of feedstock in the gasifier and the type of feedstock, which can help us to investigate the mechanism of tar production in gasification process. catalytic cracking of tar was performed in a downstream secondary fixed - bed cracker with dolomite, limestone and alumina brick as catalysts. by comparison, thermal cracking of tar was also performed with silica carbide

    在固定床二級催化裂化反應器上,實驗了白雲石、石灰石、高鋁磚等幾種催化劑作下的焦油催化裂化過程以及炭化硅作下的熱裂化過程,並裂化溫度( 650 950 ) 、氣停留時間( 0 . 5 1s )和催化劑類型等過程參數焦油轉化果和熱解煤氣的影響進行了分析,各種催化劑材料的性能進行了比較,力爭開發出可適於工業化質氣化系統的焦油催化裂化技術。
  18. The results indicated that as the intensity of sward cleavage increased, elymus nutans and other plants that had high requirements in soil aeration and resource space presented an increased competitive edge and the species that had low requirements in soil aeration and resource space presented an opposite picture ; low - intensity sward cleavage could help increase species diversity to a certain extent, but the diversity index appeared to decline as a whole as the cleavage intensity increased ; the effects of sward cleavage on functional groups of the vegetations showed in such manner as e. nutans - represented grasses increased in their composition with the intensity of sward cleavage raised, and sedges and forbs decreased in their compositions with the intensity of sward cleavage raised ; sward cleavage showed a significant improving effect on primary productivity of the meadows and was capable of increasing the proportion of quality - grass biomass to the total plant biomass ; sward cleavage could be independently employed as an effective measure to rehabilitate and improve alpine - meadow grasslands and thus played a basic and key role in the technical combination aiming at establishing hay fields characterized by e. nutans

    結果表明:垂穗披堿草等土壤通透性和資源空間要求較高的種,競爭力隨劃破強度的增加而上升,而土壤通透性和資源空間要求較低的種則反;輕度劃破干擾提高種豐富度具有一定的促進作,但多樣性指數則總體上表現為隨劃破強度的增加而呈下降的趨勢;劃破干擾植被功能群的影響表現為以垂穗披堿草為代表的禾草類組分隨干擾強度的增加而顯著上升,莎草類和雜類草組分隨干擾強度的增加而顯著下降;劃破干擾草地初級產力的提升具有顯著的促進作,且可顯著增加植總量中優質牧草的比重;劃破干擾可獨立作為高寒草甸類草地恢復與改良的有措施,在定向培育垂穗披堿草型割草場的技術組合中具有核心和基礎性的地位。
  19. Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants

    文摘:入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題,尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入種后.很多引入顯然是無害的,但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果,會給入侵地的以至於整個群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式,概述了它們遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑,來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作.本文日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結,這些技術可以來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發的巨大變化(瓶頸應及種群擴張) .最後,我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂(膜翅目,癭蜂科,癭蜂族)一系列入侵的數據為例一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上,多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 )遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢,支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作; 2 )入侵地區的種群與該種原產地的種群比,遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映
  20. It has been shown that this updated sampling and measurement method, which can measure the content of tar and dust individually, appears much more precise and credible, particularly aiming at the characteristic of heavy tar and dust content in biomass gas. this clarification system that adopts two - level shell and tube condensers and one tar removal filter, has the advantages of high removal efficiency ( 97 % ~ 98 % ) and low operating cost. besides, it has been made more environmentally friendly considering that wastewater from condensers has measured up to related effluent state standards after being disposed in tar clarifier - tank

    多次試驗表明:針質氣浙江大學碩士學位論文含焦油灰塵量大的特點,改進的質焦油取樣測量法可實現焦油和灰塵的分離,有較高準確性和可靠性;採二級管殼式冷凝器與一級乾式過濾器結合的燃氣冷凝凈化系統不但凈化率高( 97 98 ) 、運行費低,而且含焦油廢水二經過澄清池澄清處理后可達到國家關污水排放標準,避兔了濕式凈化系統的水污染;兼顧凈化果、經濟性和減少污染考慮,採以半焦為吸附材料的于式凈化系統可以達到炊燃氣焦油含量的要求。
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