相變的級 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [xiāngbiàndejí]
相變的級
英文
order of phase transition-
Methods : we have divided the 636 molars ( without dental caries or pathological changes of root ) collected in school of forensic medicine and stomatological hospital in shanxi medicine university into four groups : maxl, max2, manl, man2, and selected 5 indexes closely related to changes of dental age ( dental attrition, contact area, the index of dentine marrow cavity, the thickness of cementum of root, the diaphaneity of dentine of root ), and proposed the grading standard and scoring standard date processing and statistical analysis after measuring the teeth of the four groups
方法：從山西醫科大學法醫學院及口腔醫院收集的636磨牙（無齲壞、無根尖病變）分為max1 、 max2 、 man1 、 man2四組，根據牙齒的增齡變化特點，篩選了5個與牙齡變化密切相關的指標（牙齒的磨耗、接觸區面積、牙本質髓室指數、根尖牙骨質的厚度、根尖牙本質透明） ，提出了指標的分級標準和評分標準，對各組的牙齒測量后進行數據處理和統計分析。Theorem 9 ( rearrangement theorem ) the terms of an absolutely convergent series can be rearranged without affecting either the convergence or the sum of the series
定理9 （可交換性定理）絕對收斂級數經改變響的位置后構成的級數也收斂，且與原級數有相同的和（即絕對收斂級數具有可交換性） 。90 % uv below 400nm could be shielded by the nano - sio2 sol. the time of the artificial aging of nano - sio2 - modified coatings prepared by the way of in - situ dispersion method was about twice as long as that of the nano - sio2 - modified coatings prepared by dispersing the nano - sio2 powder in the coating directly. on the other hand, the fadeproof time ( reaching the second level of color aberration ) of the nano - sio2 - modified coatings was 1. 83 times as long as that of the national standard for the super coatings
實驗證明:納米510 :溶膠具有很強的紫外散射屏蔽性能，對400nm以下的紫外光能屏蔽90 %以上;在位分散法納米510 :改性塗料的耐人工老化粉化時間比直接分散法納米510 :改性塗料提高了近1倍，耐變色時間（達到色差2級的時間）是國標優等品要求的1 . 83倍，較相應的未改性塗料提高了約25 % 。Quantitative metallographic analysis of modification level of hypoeutectic al - si alloys
合金變質級別的定量金相分析Backed up by the soplat theory based on particle kinematics, the second chapter of this paper presents with analysis and simulation of several single observer passive measurement models, which uses such relative movement parameters as bearings changing rates and centrifugal acceleration information on the basis of bearings measurements. in the third chapter, the observability of location respectively using bearings and its changing rates information and centrifugal acceleration information is analyzed, and its observable condition is got. the fourth chapter puts forward the modified covariance extended kalman filtering ( mvekf ) against the defect of traditional extended kalman filtering ( ekf ), whose performance is simultaneously compared in the chapter with the performance of ususal tracking algorithm such as ekf, mgekf, iekf by computer simulation
在近年來提出的基於質點運動學原理的單站無源定位理論基礎上，本文第二章提出了幾種在角度測量的基礎上增加角度變化率及相對運動的離心加速度等運動學參數的單站無源測量模型，並對它們進行了分析和模擬；第三章分別對利用角度及其變化率信息定位和利用離心加速度信息定位的可觀測性進行分析並得到了相應的可觀測條件；第四章針對傳統擴展卡爾曼（ ekf ）方法的缺點，提出了一種修正協方差的擴展卡爾曼濾波（ mvefk ）方法，並將其和ekf 、 mgekf 、 iekf等常用的單站無源定位濾波方法進行了性能模擬比較；第五章通過引入雷達機動目標跟蹤方法和模型，提出了利用角度及其變化率對機動輻射源跟蹤的多級噪聲自適應方法和imm方法；第六章主要對角度變化率和離心加速度參數的獲取技術進行了研究，提出了幾種高精度測量脈沖序列多普勒頻率變化率的方法。The result indicates that in the case of constant content of asphalt, marshall stability, compression strength, rupture strength, compression modulus and rupture modulus of cement emulsified asphalt concrete would increase along with the increase in cement content ; in the case of constant content of cement, these index values would decrease along with the increase in asphalt content ; while with the increase of coarse aggregate, rupture strength and rupture modulus of the concrete would increase conspicuously, yet compression strength and compression modulus would have a little change
試驗結果表明：在乳化瀝青含量不變時，隨著水泥用量的增加水泥乳化瀝青混凝土的馬歇爾穩定度、抗壓強度、抗折強度、抗壓回彈模量、抗折回彈模量隨之增加；在水泥用量不變時，隨著乳化瀝青用量的增加相應的力學指標呈降低趨勢；礦料級配中粗集料含量增加后，混合料的抗折強度和抗折回彈模量有明顯增加，但抗壓強度和抗壓回彈模量變化不大。We find ( 1 ) the second order phase transitions do n ' t occur in schwarzschild black hole and in charged dilaton black hole when a = 1 ; ( 2 ) the second order phase transitions take place at the points where the heat capacities are diverged in the reissner - nordstrom black hole, charged dilaton black hole when a 1, and kerr - newman black hole
結果表明： （ 1 ） schwarzschild黑洞和= 1時的靜態帶電伸縮子黑洞（ cdbh ）沒有二級相變發生。 （ 2 ） reissner - nordstrm黑洞、 1時的靜態帶電伸縮子黑洞和kerr - newman黑洞等穩態黑洞，在熱容量發散的地方發生了二級相變。The entropy or number of states of system or subsystem are closely related to interaction of particles and energy level distribution, therefore, to study the temperature dependence of the specific heat may supply some important and useful microscopic information which may play an important role in understanding electronic structure, density of state, phonon spectrum etc. the specific heat measurements at low temperatures also play important roles in the finding of the third law of thermodynamics, the quantum theory of solid and bcs theory for superconducting etc. moreover, specific heat measurements help us to understand the different kinds of phase transitions ( such as : structural phase transition, magnetic phase transition, superconducting phase transition etc. ) and the scaling behavior near the critical point
系統、子系統的熵或微觀狀態數與微觀粒子間的相互作用及能級分佈密切相關，因此研究比熱與溫度的依賴關系能夠提供被測量系統許多極其有用的微觀信息，對理解固體的電子結構、電子態密度、聲子譜等起著十分重要的作用。低溫比熱的測量和研究對熱力學第三定律、固體量子理論和超導bcs等理論的建立起到了積極的推動作用。比熱研究還有助於認識各類相變如結構相變，磁性相變，超導相變等及臨界點附近的標度規律。The pseudo - muscle method is used to implement all the low level faps which mimic the elastic deformations of the skin in each region and the rigid motions of the face. to generate the face animation freely, we construct a multi - level control model of face animation which is complex to simple, low level to high level from the bottom up. last, we develop a 3d face animation system compliant to mpeg - 4. in our system, fdp stream is imported to personalize the generic face model
該方法首先根據mpeg - 4人臉模型規范對人臉模型進行功能區域的劃分，每個功能區域都有一些與fap相關的控制點；然後採用偽肌肉模型的方法，實現了fap集中所有的低級動畫參數，這些動畫參數模擬了每個功能區域的肌膚彈性形變以及臉部的剛性運動；建立了一個從下至上由復雜到簡單，由低級到高級的多層次的人臉動畫控制模型，這種控制方式方便了人臉動畫的生成。According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d
本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。The exact expression is n = 4 ", in which n is the stage of koch curve. since we only consider one generator in computation process, so we simplify it as n = 4 ). the critical point of this kind of koch curve is zero, also called zero temperature phase transition, and this is the character of all the limited branching systems
無分支科赫曲線是一種典型的分形，前人的研究都局限於n = 4 （ n是用線元，面元，或體元覆蓋分形系統所需要的覆蓋次數，確切的應該寫成n = 4 ~ n ，其中n為科赫曲線的級，但我們在重整化群計算時只考慮一個生成元，所以簡化為n = 4 ）情況，這種科赫曲線的相變點為零，是一種零溫相變，這也是有限分岔系統的相變特徵。The control strategy and the way of filter design are discussed. this two - stage converter keeps the advantages of the single - stage ppfc scheme and improves its several disadvantages. the simulation and experimental results verify the superiority of the two - stage converter scheme and prove out that it is suitable for the fuel cell power generation system
該兩級式變換器保留了上述單級式ppfc方案的基本優點，同時改善了其存在的幾點不足之處，具有相當的優越性，適用於本文所研究的燃料電池發電系統，文章最後通過模擬和實驗進行了原理驗證。In the second part of the thesis, the non - thermal phase transition in high energy collisions is studied in detail in the framework of random cascade model. the relation between the characteristic parameter xq of phase transition and the rank q of moment is obtained using monte carlo simulation, and the existence of two phases in self - similar cascading multiparticle systems is shown. the relation between the critical point qc of phase transition on the fluctuation parameter q is obtained and compared with the experimental results from na22
文章第二部分中，我們用隨機級聯模型對高能碰撞中的非熱相變作了仔細研究，用montecarlo模擬得到了表徵相變的特徵參數_ q與矩階數q之間的關系，證實了自相似多粒子系統中存在兩相，求出了相變點q = q _ c對起伏參數的依賴關系，並和na22實驗結果進行了比較。With compensation of signal ’ s time delay from different radiating element by phase shifters, phased - array antenna can control array beam easily. because there are no mechanical devices for rotating beam, the phased - array antenna system can scan everywhere in beam covered areas in millisecand by stepping the phase shifters. it improves the tracking velocity of antenna towards the object, and becomes the development trends of weapon system antennas
相控陣天線利用移相器補償信號到達輻射單元時間的差異，從而控制波束方向;天線沒有機械旋轉問題，只需改變移相器的設定值，波束便可以在毫秒級內掃描其覆蓋空域內的任何地方，提高了天線對目標的跟蹤速度，是目前武器系統天線的發展方向。Recommendations include : ( 1 ) surveillance should be the priority for any national research agenda for psychosocial risk management ; ( 2 ) stakeholders should cooperate with international systems operators to work towards the development of " state of the art " systems ; ( 3 ) issues for priority inclusion in surveillance systems are emotional demands / emotional labour, workplace bullying, harassment, and violence, exposure to acute stressors, organizational justice, the occurrence and impact of global organizational change, and positive psychological states ; ( 4 ) systems should be flexible to identify and assess emerging risk factors / groups ; and ( 5 ) an international surveillance system should be implemented
推薦他的優點包括: （ 1 ）監督會優先考慮任何國家心理社會風險管理研究議程; （ 2 ）利益相關者必須和國際的系統操作者合作朝向"藝術級"系統發展; （ 3 ）監視系統優先提共的議題包含情緒的要求情緒性勞動、職場威脅、困擾和暴力，暴露于急性緊張性刺激、組織的正義、發生和全球組織改變相關的沖擊、和心理狀態呈現陽性反應; （ 4 ）系統必須有彈性識別並且估計初始的風險因子組織以及（ 5 ）國家監視系統應該被推行。The conditions that the first - order - like phase transition is induced by noise color in either the intensity or phase fluctuations are investigated and compared
我們分析了強度漲落和位相漲落的有色性誘導一級相變的條件，並對它們進行比較。Discussion on the order of transition with a generalized
推廣模型研究相變的級別We first introduce the second order phase transition theory in the general thermodynamical system, and make a brief summary of the about investigations of the second order phase transitions in stationary black holes in the recent years
在第一章中，我們首先介紹一般熱力學系統的二級相變理論，描述了相變的一些主要特徵。然後簡單地回顧了黑洞熱力學中的一些基本概念以及近年來對黑洞二級相變的一些研究狀況。Making analogy with the " " spin - glass " phase in polymers, peschanski put forward the idea that there exists non - thermal phase transition in multiparticle systems. a parameter xq has been introduced to characterize the non - thermal phase transition
通過類比聚合體中的「自旋玻璃相」 ， peschanski提出隨機級聯的多粒子產生過程中存在非熱相變，並提出表徵相變的特徵參數_ q的公式。Firstly, decoupling theory is applied to analyze multiplicative colored noise in a single mode laser system. steady state intensity distribution function with colored noise is obtained. the first - order - like phase transition driven by multiplicative colored noise is studied and compared with the case of multiplicative white noise
首先用退耦理論分析了單模激光場中的乘性色噪聲，導出了含有色噪聲的激光場定態強度分佈函數，討論了乘性色噪聲誘導一級相變的條件。分享友人