The results indicate that : 1. the main physical and chemical characteristics vary regularly : with rising of the altitude, there is a transition from silt > sand > clay to sand > silt > clay in the mechanical composition ; the argic horizon emerges below the altitude of 1600 meters ; the content of organic matter is enrichment, the content of organic carbon of epipedon is higher than 20 g / kg, while the content of organic carbon increases with increasing of altitude, and in the altitude of 3500 - 3700meters, the soils under the meadow have the maximum content organic carbon ; the soils appear acid - slightly acid reaction, the ph decreases appreciably and acid strengthen with increasing of altitude ; the soils higher than the altitude of 2500 meters are base unsaturated, indicating the soil leaching is strong, the ph and bs are distinct plus correlated ; the contents of sio2, al2o3, and fe2o3 of the soil body and clay are all relatively stabilization ; in the soil body, the content of sio2 is much high and cao is very little, the total contents of sio2, a12o3 and fe2o3 occupy 92 % of the mineral parts, the sequence of mineral elements is : sio2 > al2o3 > fe2o3 > k2o > mgo > cao > tio2 > mno
研究結果表明： 1太白山南坡土壤的主要理化性質隨海拔高度的上升呈有規律的變化：隨海拔高度上升，機械組成由粉粒砂粒粘粒逐漸過渡到砂粒粉粒粘粒，海拔1600m以下出現粘化層；土壤有機質豐富，表層有機
碳含量一般在20g kg以上，有機
碳含量隨海拔高度升高而相應增加，海拔3500 3700m的灌叢草甸植被下有機
碳含量最高；土壤呈酸性或微酸性，並隨海拔上升， ph
值略微降低，酸性增強，海拔2700m以上的土壤多呈鹽基不飽和狀態，表明土壤淋溶作用較強， ph
值和鹽基飽和度呈極顯著正相關；土體與粘粒中的sio _ 2 、 al _ 2o _ 3 、 fe _ 2o _ 3含量相對比較穩定，土體中sio _ 2含量較高， cao含量較少， sio _ 2 、 al _ 2o _ 3和fe _ 2o _ 3含量之和約占土壤礦質部分的92 ，礦質元素含量的順序依次為： sio _ 2 al _ 2o _ 3 fe _ 2o _ 3 k _ 2o mgo cao tio _ 2 mno 。
The results show that the pearls mainly contain aragonites, with some commercially useless pearls having vaterites in addition to aragonites
結果表明，浙江諸暨?三角帆蚌淡水珍珠的礦物組成主要?文石，在無商業價
值的部分珍珠中存在六方
碳鈣石。
The understanding of biogeochemical cycle of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur elements in nature ecosystem have increased substantially in the past two decades owing to the improvement of gas isotope ratio mass spectrometer and the wide application of isotopic studies with these elements
摘要近20年由於氣相同位素比
值質譜儀的改良和氫、氧、
碳、氮和硫等穩定同位素的廣泛研究，穩定同位素的研究技術已實質增加我們對于這些元素在自然生態系中生地化循環的了解。
Cohb can be considered as an indicator of co exposure.
一氧化
碳血紅蛋白可以看做一氧化
碳暴露的指示
值。
Biological limit value for occupational exposure to carbon disulfide
職業接觸二硫化
碳的生物限
值
Soil caco3 eluviation - illuviation is a relatively complicate process, soil co2 is one of the important effect factors, which influences soil caco3 through controlling soil ph value and caco3 solution capability
土壤
碳酸鈣淋溶淀積是一個復雜的過程，土壤中的co _ 2通過控制土壤ph
值和
碳酸鈣的溶解性來影響土壤
碳酸鈣的淀積，是重要的影響因子之一。
Eating veg doesn t includes potatoes and rice, but french bean, cabbage, carrot, lettuce, tomato, and other low calorie and low carbohydrate vegetables
吃veg不包括土豆和米，而是扁豆圓白菜紅蘿卜萵苣蕃茄，和其它低熱
值和低
碳水化合物菜。
By adopting x - ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope ( tem ), this thesis has insepectd the size and the structure of the calcium carbonate ( caco3 ) particles. according to hydrophile and lipophile balance ( hlb ), the suitable surface - active agents have been selected and put into lubricating oil with nanometer caco3 particles
本文採用x射線衍射儀和透射電鏡檢驗了納米
碳酸鈣粒子的粒徑和內部結構，根據親水親油平衡
值（ hlb ） ，選擇合適的表面活性劑將其加入到含有納米
碳酸鈣粒子的潤滑油中進行表面改性。
The main results are following : ( 1 ) the variation of clay / silt ratio can indicate the secondary clay action of dust depositions ; the variations of magnetic susceptibility and total fe content are inferred to be records of the changeable intensity of bio - pedogenesis ; the variations of sr content and rb / sr ratio can indicate bio - pedogenesis, dissolving and leaching action ; the content of total organic carbon ( toc ) can reflect variation of climate and vegetation during soil formation, it indicates the intensity of weathering and bio - pedogenesis ; the content variation of caco3 can show the intensity of dissolving - leaching action and secondary deposit, which was noted as pseudomycilia in pores and fissures in the sediment, so it can indicate the intensity bio - pedogenesis quite well. these proxy indexes also reflect obvious regional difference of pedogenic environment and the intensity bio - pedogenesis ; namely, secondary clay action, dissolving - leaching action and bio - pedogenesis are all much stronger in south than that in north
實驗結果表明：粘粒粉沙比
值能很好地指示粉塵堆積物的次生粘化作用；磁化率和全鐵很好地指示生物風化成壤作用； sr和rb sr比
值能很好的指示生物風化成壤作用和淋溶作用；總有機
碳（ toc ）含量的高低，在一定程度上反應了土壤發育過程中氣候和植被狀況的變化，指示著成壤過程中腐殖質化的程度； caco3含量的變化，可以反映了黃土古土壤形成時的風化成壤作用的強弱程度，指示成壤過程中的淋溶作用和次生
碳酸鹽化作用；並且各指標所指示的成壤環境和成壤強度存在明顯的區域差異，即渭河流域土壤的生物風化成壤作用、次生粘化作用和淋溶作用均表現出南部強于北部。
By study we find the activeness of carbon nanotube may be enhanced after oxidization, sensitization and activation. then we consider temperature, ph and composition of plating bath, in order to make the speed of coating as possible as slow
通過研究，發現經過研磨、氧化、敏化、活化后，可以提高
碳納米管表面的活性，通過改進鍍液成分， ph
值以及溫度等，使沉積的速度盡可能的低。
While if pulse laser ablation is applied, the output of mixed target is obviously more than that of plumbago target. the carbon nanotubes prepared by nano - tungsten catalyzer are very straight without any bent and their diameters are under 10nm. it is worth to pay more attention and need to study further
其中以鎢作為催化劑原料與石墨混合製成固體靶，蒸餾水作為流動相時，得到的納米纖維狀產物直徑不到10nm ，而且形狀筆直，
值得關注，目前國內外尚無以鎢作為催化劑成功制備納米一維
碳材料的報道，因此該研究具有嶄新而廣闊的研究前景。
In this thesis, aragonite whisker was synthesized by introducing co2 into ca ( oh ) 2 suspension mixed with mgcl2. the hyphenated technique of microscope - microcomputer was used to examine the morphology and microstructure of the products. the effects of reaction temperature, concentration of mgcl2, ph value of the initial suspension, flow velocity of co2, and stirring strength on the formation of the polymorphs of calcium carbonate were examined
本文利用改進的
碳化法制備了文石相
碳酸鈣晶須，採用高倍顯微鏡一計算機聯用技術、掃描電鏡和x射線衍射儀進行產品形貌觀察和晶型分析，討論了溫度、 mgcl _ 2濃度、初始ph
值、 co _ 2的流速、攪拌速度等因素對制備文石相
碳酸鈣晶須的影響。
Taking the lest total internal losing exergy for target function, the distribute of difference in temperature among the three - effect is also acquired. an experimental device for three - effect falling - film evaporation was designed and constructed. the experiments of potassium carbonate solution was finished under different temperature of vapor and different input material liquid volume
建立了三效降膜蒸發的實驗裝置，以
碳酸鉀溶液為原料進行了不同加熱蒸汽溫度、不同進料量的實驗研究，得到了實驗設備的（火用）損分佈，並研究了各部分損失的（火用）及有效利用的（火用）
值與加熱生蒸汽溫度與進料量的關系。
This paper researches on the water and suspension in zhujiang ( pearl ) river and her three branches, sampling in makou hydrological gorge station of xijiang river, hekou hydrological gorge station of beijiang river and boluo hydrological gorge station of dongjiang river. the author calculated the riverine carbon flux and measured the content of different carbon forms and carbon isotope composition. furthermore, the author also studied drainage basin erosion and the influence of vegetation distribution on erosion
本文以珠江水體、懸浮物為研究對象，通過對西江馬口、北江河口、東江博羅斷面水體取樣，分析水體中不同形態
碳含量，測定
碳同位素
值，並計算了河流
碳通量
值；還對珠江流域的侵蝕狀況及植被分佈對流域侵蝕的影響進行了探討。
The mn / sr value considers the mn content for control factors of cathodoluminescence and the relative content of the marine versus terrigenous elements. so the mn / sr ratio is the relatively comprehensive discrimination criterion for controlling the alteration of marine carbonate
Mn sr比
值在考慮了控制
碳酸鹽陰極發光性的mn含量的同時，兼顧了海相和陸相元素的相對含量，因而是一種較全面的成巖蝕變性判斷標準。
If carbon dioxide release continues unabated, ocean ph could be reduced by as much as 0. 77 units, the authors warn
研究者們警告說，如果不減少二氧化
碳的排放量，海洋的ph
值可能會降低0 . 77個單位。
Corrosion behavior of carbon steel in high - ph value uranyl nitrate solution
值的硝酸鈾酰溶液中
碳鋼腐蝕與沉積膜的特性
Based on research progress on economic value of ecosystem services, taking shenzhen for instance, the authors analyze the functions of ecosystem services such as conditioning climate, fixing carbon and releasing oxygen, preserving soil, keeping waterhead, purifying environment, and restraining noises. economic values of all the six kinds of ecological service functions are calculated
綜述國內外生態系統服務功能價
值評估相關研究進展，以深圳市為例，運用生態經濟學原理與方法，闡釋了生態系統調節氣候固
碳釋氧保持土壤涵養水源凈化環境和減弱噪聲等生態服務功能，對其經濟價
值進行評估。
Based on theories and methods of ecological economics, we explain the functions of ecosystem services in chengdu city, sichuan province of china such as conditioning climate, fixing carbon and releasing oxygen, preserving soil, keeping waterhead, purifying environment, and restraining noises, and estimate the economic value of it
摘要運用生態經濟學原理與方法，闡釋了成都市生態系統調節氣候、固碳釋氧、保持土壤、涵養水源、凈化環境和減弱噪聲等生態服務功能，對其經濟價值進行評估。
