社交的相互性 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [shèjiāodexiānghùxìng]
社交的相互性 英文
social reciprocity
  • 社 : 名詞1 （共同工作或生活的一種集體組織） organized body; agency; society 2 （人民公社） people s co...
  • 交 : Ⅰ動詞1 （把事物轉移給有關方面） hand over; give up; deliver 2 （到某一時辰或季節） reach （a cert...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 相 : 相Ⅰ名詞1 （相貌; 外貌） looks; appearance 2 （坐、立等的姿態） bearing; posture 3 [物理學] （相位...
  • 互 : 代詞（相互;彼此） each other; mutual
  • 性 : Ⅰ名詞1 （性格） nature; character; disposition 2 （性能; 性質） property; quality 3 （性別） sex ...
  • 社交 : social intercourse; social contact
  • 相互 : mutual; reciprocal; each other
  1. Abstract : phatic language, being one of the most frequently used language forms in our daily life, plays an important role in communication among both native and non - native speakers. phatic language differs greatly from one culture to another due to the different language environment in which the speakers live. therefore, language users have to pay close attention to inter - cultural study in order not to make serious blunders during their discourses

    文摘:應酬語是人們在日常生活中用來交際的一種語言現象，由於每個國家或民族的文化和社會習俗相互之間存在很大的差異，人們所使用的應酬語也不盡相同，因此，英語學習者和從事語言教學和研究的工作者必須對跨文化方面的語言現象進行研究，從中找到它們的共性與差異，以避免在語言交際過程中產生不必要的錯誤和誤解。
  2. Citing the national separatism of the former yugoslavia as an example, the chapter aims at the illustrating the point that spreading widely in the world after the cold war, national separatism has become the main manifestation of global nationalism in the political area. the chapter also provides a thorough analysis of pan - turkism with the purpose of illustrating the situation of interwoven " separations " and " unifications " in political regards as the result of pan - nationalism gaining prominence in political nationalism after the cold war and how such situation has brought instability to the international community. in the context of economic globalization, global nationalism presents in the economic fields not only ultra - national and ultra - state communication and cooperation but also competition, confrontation and conflicts between nations and states

    以前南斯拉夫民族分離主義為例，說明民族分離主義在冷戰后蔓延於世界各地並成為世界民族主義在政治領域中表現出來的主流；以泛突厥主義為例，說明泛民族主義在冷戰后政治民族主義中凸顯出來，構成了冷戰后政治民族主義「分」 、 「聚」相互交織的景象，從而對國際社會帶來的不穩定因素；在經濟全球化的背景下，世界民族主義在經濟領域內既有超國家、超民族間的交往與合作，也有民族國家之間的競爭、摩擦、矛盾和沖突;冷戰後文化民族主義在不同發展程度的國家表現形式不同所產生的影響也不同，出現了「防衛性」的文化民族主義和「殖民性」的文化民族主義。
  3. The article intend to analysis the precess, character and motivion of development in traditional street space in which contain abundant cultural heritage. through investigation the writer should analysis the characte r, form and the relationship with each other, and furthermore find the pattern of the space in the fulture. what the most important is to summarize the spitits in traditional street space, such as activition, fuction, cultural elements, social customs and quatity of space. in order to put these elements to the exploit of new street space and find how these elements should be used, the writer regards some streets as the examples such as wenming street in kunming, xinhua street in lijiang jianshe rode in luxi. through research the writer find problems which exist in not only traditional but also in new street and express individual viewpoint about how to solve the problems. there are several ways to keep the new street exploition success. in the first place, we shoule know about all kinds of influences and synthesized elements. secondly mastering the mechanism of the development by oneself is indispensable. in the last place, it is necessory not to imitate some certain model which is plausible in other place. in the l ast of the article, the writer uses a new project to further illustrate the way to put the theory what have mentioned above into the practice

    並從自然，社會，經濟及社會文化方面分析產生的根源，發展動力，其次通過實際調查，對現有傳統商住的物質形態要素進行分析，從商空間及住空間的基本特徵，型制入手，探索傳統商住街區的空間形態，結構組成，商與住空間關系，空間性質及空間如何相互轉化。以此來尋找傳統商住街區物質形態特徵，同時結合具體實例強調在傳統商住街區改造、新區的規劃設計中應當重視非物質要素內涵的提取、如活動者及社會結構、功能意義、空間品質、文化氣息，保持歷史傳統的延續性的必要性與可行性。在文章的後半部分，有針對性的對遺留下來的傳統商住街區-昆明文明街、麗江新華街、瀘西建設路的物質形態特徵和非物質形態特徵的分析，找出現存的問題，並針對問題發表個人的觀點，指出引導現代商住街區的開發與改造中，保持形態合理發展的正確途徑是了解影響形態發展與演變的各種因素及其綜合作用，把握好形態演交的內在機制，而不應刻意追求某種特定的模式。
  4. In the second of this article i listed the five causes about why the issue of quebec has been existing so long time : the most important cause of the issue of quebec is the intense desire of keeping and persisting the speciality of the france origins in the british origins dominating society ; the culture conflict based on language is imbued with the whole process of quebec issue ; the issue of quebec interweaving with constitution crisis is a important stimulative factor ; the defect in the system of the canada federation affords chance for the rapid development of the issue of quebec ; the change of economic status accelerate the quebec separate trend

    本文第二部分概括出魁北克問題長期存在的五方面原因：在英裔佔主導地位的社會中，使法裔的種族特性得以保持和延續的強烈願望是魁北克問題的主要原因；以語言為載體的文化沖突貫穿于整個過程；魁北克問題與加拿大憲法危機相互交織是重要刺激因素；加拿大聯邦制自身的結構缺陷為魁北克問題愈演愈烈提供了可乘之機；魁北克經濟地位的變遷加劇了其分離的傾向。
  5. It is a centre with an international outlook and international activities, and at the same time the hub of student social and cultural life that offers a unique experience through interaction, informal gatherings, international events and activities such as international film, arts, exchange fairs, exhibitions and concerts

    此中心開拓學生的國際視野，主辦國際性活動，同時也是校園內的社會及文化生活中樞，透過互相交流、非正式聚會、國際性表演如國際電影及藝術、展覽、音樂會等，為學生提供珍貴體驗。
  6. The international centre for students is a centre with an international outlook and international activities, and at the same time the hub of student social and cultural life that offers a unique experience through interaction, informal gatherings, international events and activities such as international film, arts, exchange fairs, exhibitions and concerts

    此國際交流中心有助開拓學生的國際視野，主辦國際性活動，同時也是校園內的社會及文化生活中樞，透過互相交流、非正式聚會、國際性表演如國際電影及藝術、展覽、音樂會等，為學生提供珍貴體驗。
  7. Virtual community and real community corresponding really but speech, in fictitious " projection " of space realistic space, such characteristics as the loose, interpersonal and interdynamic equality of the symbol nature with exceeding space - time, member ' s identity of human communication of fictitious community, interpersonal relationships, etc. ; to investigate from the sociology meaning, it has new characteristics in such respects as community members ' interdynamic, function and flow, management of the community of structure, community ' s colony of the community, etc. therefore, it needs to arouse the attention from society

    摘要虛擬社區是與傳統的實在社區相對應而言的，是現實空間在虛擬空間的「投影」 ，具有人際交往的超時空性、成員身份的符號性、人際關系的鬆散性、人際互動的平等性等特徵；從社會學意義上去考察，它在社區成員的互動、社區的功能與結構、社區群體的流動、社區的管理等方面具有新的特點，需要引起社會的關注。
  8. Concepts, such as localized capabilities ( maskell and malmberg, 1999 ) and untraded interdependencies ( storper, 1997 ), emphasize that socio - institutional settings, interfirm communication and interactive learning play a decisive role in explaining regional innovation and growth ( cooke and morgan, 1998 ; lawson, 1999 ; gordon and mccann, 2000 )

    局部能力和非商業依賴的概念強調社會機構設置、公司內部交流和相互學習在解釋區域創新和增長中是決定性的因素。
  9. Institutional economics is its basic theoretical clue. the institutional approach includes : transaction cost is a basic view for housing finance institutions and a certain institution follows the principle of minimum transaction cost ; financial deepenness and financial function theories are important ways to understand housing finance institution ; a systematic institutional structure of housing finance comes from the interaction of social economy, culture and politics, and institutional bundling and embeddedness are common forms ; financial structure theory is a forceful quantitative way to analyses housing finance institutions ; minimization of transaction cost is the basic motivation for institutional transformation, and the basic ways are forced transformation and induced transformation ; equity and efficiency are basic criteria for evaluating housing finance institutions, which may implement through certain institutions while government acts as leverage between equity and efficiency. ( 2 ) multiformality and transformation of housing finance

    制度經濟學是基本的理論線索，制度分析範式包括如下方面：交易成本是考察住房金融制度的基本視角，特定的住房制度安排遵循約束條件交易成本最小化原則；金融深化和金融功能理論是理解特定住房金融制度安排的重要輔助方法；整體性住房金融制度結構的形成是包括社會經濟、文化、政治等各類制度在內互相影響、平衡的產物，制度捆綁和制度嵌入是常見的形式；金融結構方法是用制度分析方法解釋住房金融制度的有力的定量分析工具；住房金融制度變遷的基本動因是交易成本最小化（外部收益內部化） ，變遷的基本方式是強制性變遷和誘致性變遷；公平和效率是住房金融制度評價的基本標準，公平和效率通過一定的制度安排可以同時實現，政府在住房金融制度中起著平衡公平和效率的杠桿作用。
  10. There are five essential components that must be present for small - group learning to be truly collaborative. they are ( l ) clear, positive interdependence among students, ( 2 ) regular group self - evaluation, ( 3 ) interpersonal behaviors that promote each member ' s learning and success, ( 4 ) individual accountability and personal responsibility, and ( 5 ) frequent use of appropriate interpersonal and small group social skills

    要使小組學習真正具有協作性，必須具備五個要素，它們是： （ 1 ）學生之間清晰明顯的相互依賴性； （ 2 ）經常的小組評價； （ 3 ）促進學習成果的組員間交互； （ 4 ）個體任務和職責； （ 5 ）頻繁使用的人際和小組社交技能。
  11. Four network platforms - qq, qq. com, qq game and paipai. com created and their vast communities respectively formed, we have primarily set up a new business layout and industry model - online society. tencents diversified products satisfy users multi - requirements in their daily life, such as qq. com, qq im and foxmail acquired in early of 2005 for transmitting information and obtaining knowledge ; personalized blog, q - zone together with our bbs, chatting room and group discussion function making group communication and sharing resources more easily ; characterized showing and entertainment being satisfied by qq show, qq pet, qq game and qq music radio tv on live, the special wireless value - added service, color ring and message just for those mobile users ; an c2c website, paipai. com being designed and developed for our tencent s users, now it is already combined with other products seamlessly

    在滿足用戶信息傳遞與知識獲取的需求方面，我們有qq . com門戶qq即時通訊工具以及年初收購的foxmail電子郵件滿足用戶群體交流和資源共享的方面，騰訊推出的個人博客qzone將與我們訪問量極大的論壇聊天室qq群相互協同在滿足用戶個性展示和娛樂服務方面，騰訊擁有非常成功的虛擬形象產品qqshow qqpet寵物和qqgame游戲qqmusic radio livetv音樂電臺電視直播產品，另外對手機用戶提供彩鈴彩信等無線增值業務在滿足用戶的交易需求方面，專門為騰訊用戶所設計開發的c2c電子商務平臺拍拍網已經上線，並和整個社區平臺無縫整合。
  12. This paper presents a generalproblem - solving framework for modeling multi - issue multilateral negotiationusing fuzzy constraints. agent negotiation isformulated as a distributed fuzzy constraint satisfaction problem dfcsp. fuzzy constrains are thus used to naturally represent each agent s desiresinvolving imprecision and human conceptualization, particularly when lexicalimprecision and subjective matters are concerned

    隨著網際網路的快速發展，信息社會的來臨，人們期望能隨時隨地相互連系交換訊息以取得所需的信息，造成目前的信息環境具有開放巨大及異質的特性。
  13. Ideology is the thought system in which social groups and teams think of the world. it re - affects economy and politics of society greatly. it can be classified three levels : global, national and social ideology. in practice, all levels of ideology intercourse, which forms the integration of ideology

    意識形態是社會團體對周圍世界的一套認知體系，它對社會的經濟、政治具有巨大的反作用；按照意識形態存在的社會基礎劃分，意識形態可以分為全球性意識形態，國家意識形態和社會意識形態；在實際運行過程中，各個層面意識形態交織在一起，並相互交流，形成意識形態的整合。
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