種群強度 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zhǒngqúnqiángdù]
種群強度
英文
population intensity-
The competition among those species like s. tsinyunensis, dryopteris erythrosora and veronicastrum stenostachyum etc., is intense in the communities, which may be one of the reasons why s. tsinyunensis is going to be endangered and with a very restricted distribution. the distribution patterns of the seven populations of s. tsinyunensis are clumped among the eight populations we studied, except population v of random distribution. the spatial pattern of 6 populations of s. tsinyunensis have high consistency with the negative binominal distribution, while another 2 populations, i. e., i and iii are poisson distributions
6 ）縉雲黃芩各種群空間分佈格局基本呈聚集分佈，其中7個種群的分佈格局類型是聚集分佈，其聚集強度較高，另有一個種群為隨機分佈；其種群的離散分佈擬合結果也嚴格符合一定的數學模式，其中負二項分佈、 poisson分佈分別是該物種種群空間分佈的理論分佈模式，其中6個種群擬合出的結果是負二項分佈，種群i和種群m擬合出的結果是poisson分佈。3 ) the cochineal insect can develop well when the light is 601ux to 9801ux while the temperature and humidity are at suitable levels. comparing from the population tendency index, the index is larger under weaker light
3 ）在光照對胭脂蟲的影響方面，只要有適宜的溫濕度條件， 601ux到980lux的光照強度下胭脂蟲均能正常發育，從種群趨勢指數上看，弱光下胭脂蟲的種群趨勢指數更大。Previous researchers have always determined the sp atial distribution patterns ( sdp ) of castanopsis kawakamii with a sample - dis tance method. however, the distribution patterns may be affected by the quadrat si ze and, in the course of analysis, the density differences among the cluster plots are not considered ; therefore, differences of cluster plot size and the dispersi on degree among individuals of cluster plots can not be known. authers of this pa per have determined the spatial distribution patterns of castanopsis kawakamii population in different habitats by means of non - quadrat distance method and a nalysed the pattern intensity and grain of the sdp. the pattern intensity is defi ned with the relative density differences and the pattern grain can embody the d ispersion degree of the individuals in the plots, and the dispersion degree among the plots. the determined results are as follows. the intensities of the species range in order from strong to week : litsea mollifolia p. kawakamii i. purpure a r. cochinchinensis c. kawakamii c. carlessii d. oldphamii s. superba. the gra ins of the species queue in order from coarse to close : s. superba = litsea mollif olia r. cohinchinensis c. kawakamii = i. purpurea c. carlessii p. racemosam d. oldp hamii. these determined results tally basiclly with the results authers of this paper have got in determining the same plots by means of aggregate index access ing method. in view of this, it is held that the sdp of c. kawakamii is closely related to the habitats and biological features
前人都是採用樣方方法對格氏栲種群數量的空間格局進行測定，而格局分佈有可能受樣方大小的影響，且分析過程中沒有涉及聚塊間密度差的問題，因而無法掌握種群的聚塊大小差別及聚塊內個體間的離散程度.本研究採用無樣方距離法，測定不同生境的格氏栲種群空間格局，分析格氏栲種群格局的強度和紋理.強度以聚塊和間隙的密度差來定義，紋理則是體現聚塊內個體間的離散程度與諸聚塊間的分離程度.測定結果表明，格氏栲種群格局強度從高到低排列次序為：木姜子蚊母樹冬青茜草樹格氏栲米櫧虎皮楠木荷；格局紋理從粗到細的順序是：木荷=木姜子茜草樹格氏栲=冬青米櫧蚊母樹虎皮楠.這一測定結果與作者採用聚集度指標測定相同樣地格氏栲種群空間格局的結果基本相符.因此，格氏栲空間格局類型及分佈與格氏栲生物學特性及生境的關系密切The winter tiller is more than the spring tiller at quantity hi leymus chinensis, calamagrostis epigeios and c. rigidula population at the beginning growing season. it is an efficient strategy to increasing survival fitness and propagating potential for rhizome grass to grow many active and strong winter tillers
生長季初期，羊草、拂子茅和硬拂子茅種群返青的分蘗株以冬性植株多於春性植株，冬性植株生活力旺盛、抗性強，形成冬性植株是根莖型禾草種群提高生存適合度，增強營養繁殖力的有效策略。According to the environment features inside and outside caves in guizhou and current development of cave creature study home and abroad, making use of karstology, environment science, ecology, zoology and the theory of human - land relation, and through combining microscale with macroscale, component with system, field investigation with interview, and theory with experiment, the author chooses guiyang, anshun, pingba and honglin, where human activities are frequent and strong, to make a macroscopical investigation on animals and environment, and selects some typical caves in honglin to make a comparison study on environment features inside and outside the caves, biodiversity and present situation of plant society, and adaptability of cave animals to environment, and analyzes theoretically the effects of human activities on the cave animals and evaluates objectively the development potential of cave animal resource
根據貴州喀斯特洞內外環境和國內外洞穴動物研究現狀，運用喀斯特學、環境學、生態學、動物學以及人地關系等相關理論，採取點面結合，特殊與一般結合，系統與要素結合，實查與訪問結合，理論與實驗結合的方法，選擇貴陽、安順、平壩、紅林等人類活動強度大的區域進行面上動物和環境的調查，選擇紅林地區代表性的洞穴對洞內外環境、物種多樣性及群落現狀、動物對環境的適應等進行對比研究，理論分析人類活動對洞穴動物的影響和客觀評判人類活動的洞穴動物效應與動物開發潛力。Meanwhile, the study also shows that the diversity of studied cave animals is inversely proportional to human population density and water quality ; and bio - diversity, to some extent, is proportional to soil fertility and amount of chemical fertilizer, but inversely when excessive ; the correlativity between bio - diversity and vegetation cover rate is not obvious, when ground vegetation is strongly interfered by human being ; the amount of diestrammena marmorata is proportional to the d iversity of plant, and inversely proportional to soil fertility, and in a way, to water quality ; and the correlativity between community and water quality and soil fertility, and between water quality and the amount of mosquito and fly, is not as good as expected. the author points out that diestrammena marmorata, bat, mosquito, fly, oreolalaxrhohostig metus ( or cudata ), and fish can be chosen as in
同時，研究還表明：調查洞穴的物種多樣性與人口密度、水質成負相關；在一定范圍內，物種多樣性與化肥施用量、土壤肥力成正相關，超過一定的值則成負相關;在人類對地表植被的高強度作用下，物種多樣性與植被覆蓋率的相關性不明顯;蚊蠅數量與土壤肥力基本上呈正相關;斑灶馬數量與植物種數呈正相關，斑灶馬數量與在一定水質范圍內與水質呈負相關，與土壤肥力呈負相關;群落數與水質和土壤肥力、蚊蠅數量與水質都不能表現較好的相關性;研究認為，可以選擇斑灶馬、蝙蝠、蚊蠅、紅點囊蟾（或有尾類） 、魚類等作為指示動物對洞穴環境進行監測。Niche breadth of four dominate populations at three age groups was studied by the methods of resource utilization ability and ratio. the result shows that : symplocos sectchuanensis is a typical gengeration species whi ch resource utilization ability is strong, and distribution is wide. meanwhile, go rdonia acuminata, castanopsis fargesis and pinus massoniana specialized at some d egree in resource utilizationm, their distribution is limited. especially, the ju venile of pinus massoniana specialized outstandingly. with the devlopment of pinu s massoniana, which is the pioneer population in mt. jinyun, the environment become s unfit to it ' s juvenile. it turns to needle and evergreen broad - leaves mixed fo r est. because the tolerance toward shading of gordonia acuminata is lower than tha t of castanopsis fargesis, gordonia acuminata will be substituted by castanopsis fargesis and other evergreen broad - leaves species are the edificators. the popul ation ' s ability of resource utilization is the inner factor of population distri bution and community succession. the distribution of light and the concentrate of nutrient ( such as n ) is the outer factors of community succession
對縉雲山森林植被的4個優勢種群3個年齡級生態位寬度進行了研究.結果表明，川灰木利用資源的能力最強、分佈廣，為典型的泛化種.大頭茶、栲樹、馬尾松對資源的利用在一定程度上特化，分佈上有一定的局限性.馬尾松的中齡組與幼齡組特化現象十分顯著.縉雲山森林植被的先鋒種馬尾松的發展，導致環境的改變不適于其幼齡個體的生長，群落演替到針闊葉混交林階段，最後發展為以栲樹等為建群種的常綠闊葉林.種群的資源利用能力，是種群分佈與群落演替的內在原因，光因子和營養元素（如n ）是群落演替的主要外部動力To optimize the multi - phase homing trajectory, an improved adaptive genetic algorithm ( iaga ) was proposed, which could efficiently improve convergence speed and avoid the occurrence of premature
在對分段歸航軌跡的優化中，提出了改進自適應遺傳演算法，該演算法通過增加「強化」運算元、改進對種群「早熟」程度評價指標等，有效地提高了收斂速度、避免了「早熟」現象。The study shows that the early and late seed rains of constructive tree species in evergreen broadleaved forest at chongqing simian mountain had no activity. the bigger the seeds of the species and the earlier or later the seeds of the species matured, the higher the proportion of the seed rain damaged by animals. the quantitative variation of seed rain, active seed rain and seed bank did not take place at the same time. at early time, the number of seed banks of castanopsis fargesii, lithocarpus glabra, quercus myrsinrefolia, castanopsis plasyacantha, cinamomum subavenium. which own more active seed rain increased by geomitric series. the seed banks of castanopsis orthacantha and schima argentea were small, only survived a short time, and did not sprout next year. the quantitative dynamics of seed banks and their increasing or decreasing rates were decided by the proportion damaged by animals, dying speed of seeds and their resistance to pathogens and adverse circumstances, and the state of seed germination
對重慶四面山常綠闊葉林建群種種子雨、種子庫的研究表明，建群種早期和晚期的種子雨無活力;種子偏早或偏晚成熟及大籽粒的樹種，其種子雨被取食的比例大;種子雨、有活力種子雨、種子庫三者的數量變化不一致;有活力種子雨量較大的栲、石櫟、小葉青岡、扁刺栲、香桂等，其種子庫密度在早期以近幾何級數的方式增長，元江栲、銀木荷種子庫小，存在時間短，翌年無一年生萌發苗;種子庫數量動態、消減率動態決定於種子被取食的強度、種子衰老的速度以及種子對病菌、逆境的抗性和種子萌發的整齊性The results indicated that as the intensity of sward cleavage increased, elymus nutans and other plants that had high requirements in soil aeration and resource space presented an increased competitive edge and the species that had low requirements in soil aeration and resource space presented an opposite picture ; low - intensity sward cleavage could help increase species diversity to a certain extent, but the diversity index appeared to decline as a whole as the cleavage intensity increased ; the effects of sward cleavage on functional groups of the vegetations showed in such manner as e. nutans - represented grasses increased in their composition with the intensity of sward cleavage raised, and sedges and forbs decreased in their compositions with the intensity of sward cleavage raised ; sward cleavage showed a significant improving effect on primary productivity of the meadows and was capable of increasing the proportion of quality - grass biomass to the total plant biomass ; sward cleavage could be independently employed as an effective measure to rehabilitate and improve alpine - meadow grasslands and thus played a basic and key role in the technical combination aiming at establishing hay fields characterized by e. nutans
結果表明：垂穗披堿草等對土壤通透性和資源空間要求較高的物種，競爭力隨劃破強度的增加而上升，而對土壤通透性和資源空間要求相對較低的物種則相反；輕度劃破干擾對提高物種豐富度具有一定的促進作用，但多樣性指數則總體上表現為隨劃破強度的增加而呈下降的趨勢；劃破干擾對植被功能群的影響表現為以垂穗披堿草為代表的禾草類組分隨干擾強度的增加而顯著上升，莎草類和雜類草組分隨干擾強度的增加而顯著下降；劃破干擾對草地初級生產力的提升具有顯著的促進作用，且可顯著增加植物總量中優質牧草的比重；劃破干擾可獨立作為高寒草甸類草地恢復與改良的有效措施，在定向培育垂穗披堿草型割草場的技術組合中具有核心和基礎性的地位。As a case study, the responses of leymus chinensis steppe of songnen plain in northeast of china to human being activity ( light grazing, middle grazing, heavy grazing and overgrazing ) were discussed based on the field observed data
結果表明，隨著放牧強度的增加，羊草草原的植被蓋度和生物量隨之降低，優勢羊草群落將逐漸被鹽生植物所替代，群落結構趨于簡化，物種向旱生化和鹽生化演替。Abstract : biological invasions are a continuous feature of a non - equilibrium world, ever more so as a result of accidental and deliberate introductions by mankind. while many of these introductions are apparently harmless, others have significant consequences for organisms native to the invaded range, and entire communities may be affected. here we provide a survey of common models of range expansion, and outline the consequences these models have for patterns in genetic diversity and population structure. we describe how patterns of genetic diversity at a range of markers can be used to infer invasion routes, and to reveal the roles of selection and drift in shaping population genetic patterns that accompany range expansion. we summarise a growing range of population genetic techniques that allow large changes in population size ( bottlenecks and population expansions ) to be inferred over a range of timescales. finally, we illustrate some of the approaches described using data for a suite of invasions by oak gallwasps ( hymenoptera, cynipidae, cynipini ) in europe. we show that over timescales ranging from 500 10000 years, allele frequency data for polymorphic allozymes reveal ( a ) a consistent loss of genetic diversity along invasion routes, confirming the role of glacial refugia as centres of genetic diversity over these timescales, and ( b ) that populations in the invaded range are more subdivided genetically than those in the native range of each species. this spatial variation in population structure may be the result of variation in the patchiness of resources exploited by gallwasps, particularly host oak plants
文摘:生物入侵是不均衡世界的一個永恆話題，尤其是當人類有意或無意地引入物種后.很多引入顯然是無害的，但另外一些則有著嚴重的後果，會給入侵地的生物以至於整個生物群落造成影響.本文總結了分佈區擴張的常見模式，概述了它們對遺傳多樣性和種群結構式樣所造成的影響.描述了如何根據以一批遺傳標記所得到的遺傳多樣性式樣來推斷入侵途徑，來揭示伴隨擴張選擇和漂變在形成種群遺傳樣式中的作用.本文對日益增多的群體遺傳學方法進行了總結，這些技術可以用來在不同的時間尺度上推斷種群規模所發生的巨大變化（瓶頸效應及種群擴張） .最後，我們以歐洲櫟癭蜂（膜翅目，癭蜂科，癭蜂族）一系列入侵的數據為例對一些方法進行了說明.從500 10000年的時間尺度上，多態的等位酶位點上等位基因頻率的數據表明: 1 ）遺傳多樣性沿入侵路線呈不斷下降的趨勢，支持了冰河期避難所作為遺傳多樣性中心的作用; 2 ）入侵地區的種群與該物種原產地的種群相比，遺傳上的分化更為強烈.這種種群結構在空間上的變異可能是被櫟癭蜂開發的資源尤其是櫟樹寄主在斑塊上出現變異的反映Based on these foundations, we give a perfect scheme of the bbo opos : single pass amplification coefficient of the opg under different pump intensity is calculated ; collinear type - i and type - ii phase matching tuning curve pumped by the q switch nd : yag various harmonics as well as noncollinear type - i tuning curve are calculated in details ; the effect of the walkoff for the nonlinear effect coefficient and the group velocity matching are analyzed ; the acceptance angle in parametric process is calculated ; the numerical threshold of the bbo opo is calculated ; the process of the saturation and depletion of the pump beam are analyzed ; the relationship of the conversion efficiency and reflectance of output mirror are discussed ; various linewidth controlling methods are discussed ; the improvement of the beam quality applying the unstable cavity is discussed ; and the crystal bbo design is considered
在此基礎上，給出了一整套bbo - opo激光參數設計方案：計算了不同泵浦強度下的參量放大倍數；詳細計算了在nd : yag調q激光器各次諧波泵浦條件下的共線類和類相位匹配的調諧曲線，以及非共線類相位匹配調諧曲線；分析了走離角對非線性系數和群速匹配的影響；計算了參量過程的允許角；計算了bbo - opo的理論閾值條件；分析了飽和與泵浦光束的消耗過程；給出了轉換效率與超過泵浦閾值的倍數的關系；討論了轉換效率與輸出鏡反射率的關系；討論了線寬控制的各種方法；研究了利用非穩腔改善光束質量的方法；考慮了bbo晶體的設計。We studied its distribution pattem by using the following measures f the test for fitting to the poisson, negative binomial and neyman a distribution. at the same time, we use negative binomial parametef, dispersal index, patchiness index, cassie s index and clumping index, estimated the aggregation intensity. the results showed that the distribution pattern is typically aggregated, and the intensity of aggregation vari
經統計分析，青島百合復合種群、各局部種群內個體的分佈格局離散分佈擬合的結果符合負二項分佈；各聚集強度參數中，叢生指標）和cassie指標（二k ）均大於o ，負h項參數限）均較小，擴散系數k卜擴散型指數）和聚塊性指標（ m m ）均大於1 ，以上這些表明各個局部種群的分佈格局都為聚集分佈。The more wheat leaves the larvae encounter, which means more interference is met during predation, the lower the predation efficiency is observed. 4. in the situation of lack of prey, the average survival time of e. balteatus larvae, whose growth stages are 0 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, are 1. 53 d, 2. 48 d, 3. 06 d and 3. 75 d respectively
首次通過饑餓試驗表明生長發育0h 、 24h 、 48h 、 72h的黑帶食蚜蠅幼蟲在完全饑餓條件下平均分別可以存活1 . 53d 、 2 . 48d 、 3 . 06d 、 3 . 75d ，耐饑餓能力強，在獵物密度比較低時，可以維持一定的種群數量。The higher landscape heterogeneity, the closer to nature secondary forest. along the gradient, landscape congregation index exhibits descendent tendency, showing a significant relationship between the extent of patch mosaic and the extent of disturbance, according to changes of landscape mean shape index ( lmsi ) and landscape mean fractal dimension index, integrated disturbance ( nature disturbance, human activities, vegetational inner succession or population dynamics ) tend to enhance
景觀聚集度指數是隨著梯度區呈下降的變化趨勢，表明斑塊之間的鑲嵌聯系的程度與受到的干擾程度有極為重要的關系。從景觀平均形狀指數和景觀平均分維數的變化，可看出綜合干擾（自然干擾、人為活動、植被的內源演替或種群的動態變化）是呈增強的發展趨勢。They hibernate during the winter cold ; and their large litters help them maintain their population
它們依靠冬眠來度過寒冷的冬季，而它們的種群則靠它們強大的繁殖力來維持。Abstract : simulated annealing and multigroup parallel evolution are two helpful methods which can improve the performance of genetic algorithm. these two ideas are well combined in this paper, and a new algorithm is derived, that is the multigroup parallel genetic algorithm based on simulated annealing method. simulation results show that this method not only quickens the computation, but also improves the convergence efficiency, thus produces more satisfactory results
文摘:模擬退火和多種群并行遺傳進化是兩種較好的改進遺傳演算法性能的方法.將這兩種思想有機地結合起來，提出了一種基於模擬退火機制的多種群并行遺傳演算法.模擬結果表明，該演算法不僅能增強演算法的全局收斂性，還能加快遺傳進化速度，得到滿意的全局最優值The mathematical models that could predict the canopy entrapment volume, stemflow volume, throughfall of several communities have been given
人工林群落對徑流的調控能力是的無林地的四倍，但是在高的降雨強度下，這種調控能力會明顯降低。Study on the ramet population and clonal growth of kobresia pygmaea under different graze intensity
不同放牧強度下高山嵩草分株種群與克隆生長動態分享友人