第四等級 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [dìsìděngjí]
第四等級 英文
fourth estate
  • 第 : Ⅰ助詞（用在整數的數詞前 表示次序） auxiliary word for ordinal numbers Ⅱ名詞1 [書面語] （科第） gr...
  • 四 : Ⅰ數詞（三加一后所得） four Ⅱ名詞1 [音樂] （中國民族音樂音階上的一級） a note of the scale in gong...
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 級 : Ⅰ名詞1 （等級） level; rank; grade 2 （年級） any of the yearly divisions of a school course; gra...
  • 第四 : fourth第四產業 quaternary economic sector
  • 等級 : 1 （按質量、程度、地位等的差異而作出的區別） grade; rank 2 （在社會地位和法律地位上不平等的社會集...
  1. It should not be neglected that the third rank organizes the cushion level and the protection level in the tusi society, and that the substitutive social flowage bourgeoned in the fourth rank indicates the development and flux of the tusi society

    其中特別值得一提的是，第三等級構成土司社會的緩沖層與保護層，第四等級萌動的替代性社會流動彰顯了土司社會的發展與變遷。
  2. Then i gave out the ten steps when a data base marketing system is being built in sedan market. in chapter four, i talked about how do we collect and collate the data used in sedan marketing system, studied the discrimination and the excerption of primary data and secondary data problem

    然後論述了在轎車行業開發數據庫營銷系統的十個步驟；在第四章，主要是研究在轎車營銷數據庫系統中，所需數據的分類以及收集、整理等方面的內容，研究了初級數據、次級數據的甄別選錄等問題。
  3. The gallery in which the reporters sit has become a fourth estate of the realm

    新聞記者坐的席位已經成了王國的第四等級。
  4. With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible

    本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。
  5. The last section is the exploration of countermeasure of peasants " tax burden problem. in this section, the author analyzed suggestions such as agricultural tax institution reformation, local government debt problem, education institution reformation and allocating finance and truncheon power in all levels governments, foundation of low cost government. at last, the author indicated only protecting peasants " property rights by constitution and laws, can we solve the problem clearly

    正文第四部分：農民負擔問題的對策探討本部分分別從農業稅制改革、地方債務問題、教育制度改革、土地產權制度改革以及轉換政府職能、合理配置各級政府財權與事權、建立廉價政府等對策的現實可行性問題做了相關分析，最後指出只有通過運用憲法和法律保護公民的財產權利才能從根本上解決農民負擔問題。
  6. The reason for badly load - repaid ability includes illogical traffic design, less government investment, unapt classificatory proportion of toll road, high charging cost, vehicle diffluence because of the completion of highway construction, etc. part iv research on how to improve debt solvency

    論述了規劃設計不合理，政府投入不足，收費還貸公路結構不合理、二級收費公路比重過大，收費成本過高，高速公路車輛分流等原因導致收費還貸公路償債能力低下。第四部分，提高償債能力的對策研究。
  7. Backed up by the soplat theory based on particle kinematics, the second chapter of this paper presents with analysis and simulation of several single observer passive measurement models, which uses such relative movement parameters as bearings changing rates and centrifugal acceleration information on the basis of bearings measurements. in the third chapter, the observability of location respectively using bearings and its changing rates information and centrifugal acceleration information is analyzed, and its observable condition is got. the fourth chapter puts forward the modified covariance extended kalman filtering ( mvekf ) against the defect of traditional extended kalman filtering ( ekf ), whose performance is simultaneously compared in the chapter with the performance of ususal tracking algorithm such as ekf, mgekf, iekf by computer simulation

    在近年來提出的基於質點運動學原理的單站無源定位理論基礎上，本文第二章提出了幾種在角度測量的基礎上增加角度變化率及相對運動的離心加速度等運動學參數的單站無源測量模型，並對它們進行了分析和模擬；第三章分別對利用角度及其變化率信息定位和利用離心加速度信息定位的可觀測性進行分析並得到了相應的可觀測條件；第四章針對傳統擴展卡爾曼（ ekf ）方法的缺點，提出了一種修正協方差的擴展卡爾曼濾波（ mvefk ）方法，並將其和ekf 、 mgekf 、 iekf等常用的單站無源定位濾波方法進行了性能模擬比較；第五章通過引入雷達機動目標跟蹤方法和模型，提出了利用角度及其變化率對機動輻射源跟蹤的多級噪聲自適應方法和imm方法；第六章主要對角度變化率和離心加速度參數的獲取技術進行了研究，提出了幾種高精度測量脈沖序列多普勒頻率變化率的方法。
  8. Article 6 highways shall be divided, according to their positions in the networks, into state roads, provincial roads, county roads and township roads and, technically into express ways, first class roads, second class roads, third class roads and fourth class roads

    第六條公路按其在公路路網中的地位分為國道、省道、縣道和鄉道，並按技術等級分為高速公路、一級公路、二級公路、三級公路和四級公路。
  9. ( 2 ) on the one hand because lacks the concrete working instruction which cause the state department fail to supervise judicial department ' s behavior, on the other hand the judicial department specially in local judicial department resists the state department ' s surveillance at the excuse of law independence ( 3 ) in the view of present judicial department ' s management system, organizations, the working routine and the personnel composes, our legal system also has many problems. according to the request from the party to rule a nation by law at fifteenth national congress, the judicial reform should be considered from following aspects. first, the goal judicial reform is to strengthen judicial independence fatherly ; secondly, judicial authority must by emphasized during the judicial reform ; thirdly, judicial unity must be strengthened ; fourthly, consummates the way and procedure of trial ; fifthly, establishes a specialized judicial system, diligently improves judge ' s troop quality roundly

    我國現行的司法制度是在政治上奉行「以階級斗爭為綱」 ，在經濟上實行高度集權的計劃經濟的特定歷史條件下逐步建立和發展起來的，主要存在三大弊端： （一）從司法機關與其他國家機關或組織的關繫上看，司法機關在人、財、物等方面受制於其他國家機關和組織，特別是由於地方司法機關受制於地方政府、地方權力機關和地方黨委，由此導致了司法權的地方化； （二）從對司法機關進行制約與監督的機制上看，一方面由於缺乏具體的操作規程致使根據黨的十五大提出的「依法治國」的要求，司法改革應從以下幾方面考慮:第一，司法改革的目標是進一步增強司法的獨立性;第二，司法改革應當強調司法的權威性;第三，應當強化司法的統一性;第四，完善審判方式和程序;第五，建立法律職業的專業化制度，努力提高法官的整體隊伍素質。
  10. The content of this paper is arranged as foll owing : chapter 1 introduces the concept of credit, credit risk and credit assessment, as well as the history and development of credit assessment ; chapter 2 introduces the history of ai technology, and the background of expert system and neural network. characters and disadvantages of expert system and neural network are presented respectively and the necessity of combining expert system and neural network is lightened ; chapter 3 shows the process of dealing with sample data, including the treatment of exceptional data and factor analysis, and puts forward the concrete framework of the mixed - expert credit assessment system ; chapter 4 introduces concept of object - oriented technology, and constructs object model and functional model after analyzing the whole system. it also illustrates the implementation of concrete classes by an example of rule class and the inference algorithm in the form of pseudocode ; chapter 5 introduces the structure of the whole system, the major functional models and their interfaces, and the characteristic of the system is also generalized ; chapter 6 summarizes the whole work, and points out the remaining deficiencies as well as the prospective of this method

    本文具體內容安排如下：第一章介紹了信用、信用風險、信用評價的概念，回顧了信用評價的歷史、發展和現狀，並綜合各種信用評價模型，指出這些模型各自的優缺點：第二章簡單描述了人工智慧技術，著重介紹有關專家系統與神經網路的基礎知識，通過總結它們的優缺點，指出結合專家系統與神經網路構造混合型專家系統的必要性；本章還介紹了神經網路子模塊的概念，提出了混合型專家系統的一般框架與設計步驟：第三章對樣本數據進行處理，包括異常數據的剔除、因子分析等，提出了信用評價混合型專家系統的具體框架結構，介紹了系統知識庫的主要部分、基於優先級的正向推理機制的流程、以及基於事實的自動解釋機制的具體實現方法；第四章介紹了面向對象技術，進而採用面向對象對信用評價系統進行分析，建立了對象模型和功能模型，並在此基礎上，採用c + +語言以規則類為例說明系統中具體類的實現，用偽代碼的形式描述了推理的演算法；第五章描述了整個系統的結構，對系統主要功能模塊和界面進行了介紹，並總結系統的特點；第六章總結了全文，指出本文所構造系統存在的不足以及對將來的展望。
  11. The planning and construction of the characteristic industry zone and the development of town agglomeration are one kind of relation contacting mutually and promoting mutually. the present situation and the industrial foundation condition are summarized in the fourth part, which analyzes his unique location superiority, the economic development foundation and infrastructure, the position in the strategy of chongqing, as well as the unfavorable condition. the general economic strength of each city has been compared in the 5th part, which has analyzed the influence scope of regional center city and the relation with the cities around it in sichuan province ; thus on this foundation we form three concentrated areas and three economic belts, and then put forward the ranking of characteristic industry zone, the development objective a nd

    本文共分六大部分:第一部分闡述了論文的研究背景及理論基礎;第二部分對本文涉及到的有關概念產業集群、區域經濟網路、特色產業、特色工業園區作了解釋;第三部分對城鎮群發展與特色工業園區的關系進行了初步分析，特色工業園區的規劃建設與城鎮群發展是一種相互聯系、互相促進的關系:第四部分是渝西城鎮群的現狀與產業基礎條件概述，分析了其獨特的區位優勢、經濟發展基礎、基礎設施建設、在大重慶發展戰略中的定位，以及其經濟社會發展的不利條件;第五部分首先對渝西地區各城市綜合實力進行了比較，分析了區域中心城市的影響范圍、與周邊市縣的關系，在此基礎上構築了渝西城鎮群的三大城鎮密集區及三大經濟帶，進而提出了特色工業園區的分級、發展目標定位、發展模式等;第六部分是特色工業園區與渝西地區城鎮群發展戰略的保障措施。
  12. According to the zuji online travel report, hong kong online travel shoppers are not only the most frequent travellers across zuji s markets ( 14 percent take six or more trips a year, compared to seven percent and 11 percent in australia and singapore, respectively ), they are also the most receptive to hot deals

    香港能夠在第四季登上旅遊熱點的榜首，有賴zuji公司網路在區內推出的多項優惠，包括zuji新加坡在去年第四季推出了hk $ 1 ， 400來回香港機票買一送一等超級旅遊優惠。
  13. The ranks of reserve captain, lieutenant and second lieutenant shall be conferred with the approval of the heads of units at the divisional level that have the power to appoint and remove officers

    第二十四條轉服軍官預備役的軍官和文職幹部，其預備役軍官軍銜，按照其原現役軍官軍銜等級或者文職幹部級別確定。
  14. Article 24 the reserve ranks to be conferred on officers and civilian cadres who have been transferred to reserve service shall be determined on the basis of their original ranks or grades when they were in active service

    第二十四條轉服軍官預備役的軍官和文職幹部，其預備役軍官軍銜，按照其原現役軍官軍銜等級或者文職幹部級別確定。
  15. On the basis of their scores, beaches now fall into one of four grades : grade 1 good, grade 2 fair, grade 3 poor, and grade 4 very poor

    按照現行標準，香港的泳灘分為四個等級：第一級良好第二級一般第三級欠佳第四級極差。
  16. Levels at silverstrand beach continued to decrease in 2005, and the beach only experienced one grade 4 occasion in 2005, compared with two in the previous year

    2005年內僅有一次的等級被評為第四級，相比之下2004年則曾兩度被評為第四級。
  17. Firstly, to state that the study of scm optimization calls, i present the main problems when our home enterprises put scm in practice and the lack of present theoretics. then i divided all of the means of scm optimization into two classes - enterprise management methods and information technology methods, and i discussed every information technology method in detail : enterprise management methods i discussed cover mapping out manipulable plans, strengthening core ability and improving scale economic benefit, controlling sc ' s risk, and making use of the third party ' s logistics. in chapter 4 i discuss information technique methods in detail, which cover optimizing r & d of erp and scp, edi techniques, internet information technology, the other logistics techniques, advance planning system, and network technology

    最後詳細論述了優化供應鏈管理的各種企業管理方式，主要包括有：制定可行的優化實施計劃、加強企業核心能力提高企業規模經濟效益、控制供應鏈風險的措施、合理利用第三方物流等幾種方式，第四章主要論述了優化供應鏈管理的信息技術手段，有: erp和scp軟體開發的優化、使用edi技術優化供應籩管理、基於internet的供應鏈管理信息技術支撐體系、其它物流技術手段、高級計劃排程系統以及網路技術方案等。
  18. Article 49 the governments at various levels shall strengthen the leadership over the budget implementation, support the budgetary - revenue collecting departments such as the financial departments, taxation and customs authorities to arrange budgetary revenues according to law and support the financial departments to strictly manage budgetary expenditures

    第四十九條各級政府應當加強對預算執行的領導，支持政府財政、稅務、海關等預算收入的徵收部門依法組織預算收入，支持政府財政部門嚴格管理預算支出。
  19. Article 8 the woman who fits in the situation described in paragraph 1 of article 4 and her children are studying in registered public or private senior high school can apply for children education allowance that is 60 % of tuition and fee

    第8條（子女教育補助）符合第四條第一項規定，且其子女就讀經立案之公私立高級中等學校者，得申請子女教育補助費，其標準為學雜費之百分之六十。
  20. Fourth, according to the weibull distributing functions of equivalent loads, calculated the max loads by expanded sample method, acquired eight routine loads spectrum of each roads taking advantages of the connover classification method, calculated the respective enhancement coefficient in principle of amended miner linear accumulated fatigue damage rule, by the comparative norm of general tar - paved road, educed the mathematical model of calculating enhancement coefficient of synthesized roads

    利用數理統計的方法得到了各路面的等效載荷的weibull分佈函數。第四，根據各路面的等效載荷的weibull分佈函數採用擴展樣本法求得了各路面的極值載荷，按照connover的分級法得到了各路面的八級程序載荷譜。以一般瀝青公路為比較基準，採用修正的miner線性累積損傷理論，根據前橋的s - n和p - s - n關系式得到了各路面的強化系數，建立了綜合路面的強化系數計算的數學模型。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書