等級制度原則 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [děngjízhìdùyuánzé]
等級制度原則 英文
scalar chain/line of authority
  • 等 : Ⅰ量詞1 （等級） class; grade; rank 2 （種; 類） kind; sort; type Ⅱ形容詞（程度或數量上相同） equa...
  • 級 : Ⅰ名詞1 （等級） level; rank; grade 2 （年級） any of the yearly divisions of a school course; gra...
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 原 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （最初的; 原來的） primary; original; former 2 （沒有加工的） unprocessed; raw Ⅱ動詞（原...
  • 則 : Ⅰ名詞1 （規范） standard; norm; criterion 2 （規則） regulation; rule; law 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ...
  • 等級 : 1 （按質量、程度、地位等的差異而作出的區別） grade; rank 2 （在社會地位和法律地位上不平等的社會集...
  1. And then, thesis explicates the reasons of the difference from five aspects including natural resource, area conditions, labor conditions, technical conditions and industry structure. furthermore, the thesis points out that the sustainable utilization of natural resource, the adjustment of labor structure, improvement of labor qualities, the employment of advanced science and technology and reasonable industry structure are critical to the improvement of rural economy ' s integral, power and comprehensive competition. at last, this thesis puts forwards a series of policies and countermeasures, such as accelerating urbanization of villages of villages to develop increasing pole, enchanting agricultural, industrialization to strengthen the industry foundation, improving the help and development policies to the poor to strengthen the district economic cooperation and the coordination effect by decreasing the limits of the poor, and so on, which can encourage each area display its advantage and supply what the other needs and make the rural economy coordinated and commonly flourishing

    根據分析結果將11個市劃分為省內發達區域、中等發達區域和不發達區域三種類型，將138個縣（市）劃分為由高到低七個等級；對差異產生的原因從自然資源、區位條件、勞動力條件、技術條件、產業結構等五個方面進行了系統探討；並從更深層次上指出，土地等自然資源的可持續利用，勞動力構成優化、素質提高，先進科學技術的適用，產業結構的合理布局等對農村經濟的整體實力和綜合競爭力的提高起決定性的作用；最後，在河北省農村經濟協調發展的角度，提出了「因地制宜，揚長避短；優勢互補，共同發展」的指導思想和「鼓勵先進，鞭策后勁；區域聯動，全面協調」的基本原則，並進一步提出了加大小城建設? ?培養增長極，推進農業產業化經營? ?強化產業基礎，改善扶貧開發政策? ?降低后勁制約以及加強區域經濟聯合? ?增強協調效應等綜合措施。
  2. According to the army operational readiness training management stipulation and the present standard, the unified subject design, the unification ascend the statistical system, the unification analysis examination and approval principle, the strict all levels of jurisdiction, facilitates each kind of information gathering, at the same time adapts the different user object information need ; depends on the army local area network, the armed forces net, realizes, between horizontally the vertical units to operation and so on data long - distance input, inquiry, report form, printing, achieves internal information true sharing ; the strict internal supervising and managing system, strengthens the information management, promptly realizes internal data automatically to report, the higher authority department can to report the information to carry on compiles, the merge and the analysis, promptly grasps each kind of resources for the correlation leader the memory, the assignment, the

    根據部隊戰備訓練管理規定和現行標準，統一科目設計、統一登統計制度、統一分析審批原則、嚴格各級權限，方便各種信息採集，同時適應不同用戶對象的信息需求;依託部隊局域網、軍網，實現橫、縱向單位間對數據的遠程錄入、查詢、報表、列印等操作，達到內部信息的真正共享;嚴格內部監管制度，強化信息管理，實現內部數據的及時自動上報，上級部門能對上報信息進行匯總、合併與分析，為相關領導及時掌握各種資源的存儲、分配、使用狀況提供依據，全面提高部隊作戰、戰備、訓練和保障的應變能力;加強對新舊數據、橫縱向數據的管理，全面分析和挖掘數據間的聯系，充分利用數據的潛在價值，為資源管理者提供快速有效的決策支持。
  3. This thesis takes the process of the futures delivery as the object of the research, analyzes and investigates the physical delivery system. firstly the thesis introduces the connotation, status and functions of the futures delivery in the futures market, and then makes a deep research in the futures delivery systems concerned such as the designing of the grade of the listed commodity at par as well as the premium and discount, the selection of the delivery locations and the regulation on the designated delivery warehouses, as well as the management and circulation of the warehouse receipts. on the basis of the above - mentioned analysis, this paper makes some constructive suggestions and recommendations on the improvement and innovation of the futures delivery to be taken by the chinese futures market at the present stage

    本文首先闡明了期貨交割在期貨市場中的經濟內涵、樞紐地位和功能保障作用；然後，從合約設計出發，用均衡原理揭示了期貨交割制度與品種活躍和風險控制的有機關系；進而，對比中外交割制度，通過比較，認清了中外現貨基礎、誠信和法制等環境因素的差距，明白了「拿來」的內容和如何構建中國特色的交割制度；從而，就小麥國家標準的歷史局限性，標準和替代交割品級及其升貼水的設計原則，交割標準把握的出發點和落腳點，交割倉庫設置和管理的目標和狀況，標準倉單沾滯的根源等期貨市場交割制度及相關規定，進行了深入而細致的剖析。
  4. However, the practice of this specific pattern also has some problems for the current press industry of the target market being ambiguous, the service offered not enough or considerate, the fund needed huge, the obtaining of readers " data difficult and etc. this thesis does not only make a comprehensive analysis and speculation of the membership pattern of distribution at the burgeoning stage, but illustrates the point that this kind of distribution mode is playing an increasingly more important part in the press industry, which means much theoretically and practically

    因會員制營銷具有的以雙向為原則進行溝通交流、以互利互惠為目標及較強信息控制功能的特性，報業會員制發行模式具有資格限制、促進編讀互動，適應讀者需求、調整讀者結構、培養讀者忠誠度、提高報社工作效率、增加報社廣告效益、與報社無形資產良性互動等特點和優勢，但由於目前報業會員制實施尚處「初級階段」 ，故而存在著目標市場不明確、服務深度不夠、宣傳力度較小、所需資金數額較大、客戶資料較難獲取等問題。
  5. In accordance with related stipulations of the methods and detailed rules, tax authorities at all levels should, in light of concrete conditions, conduct conscientious liquidation of the original invoice management system, abolish and revise what should be done so, and re - establish a system where it should be done so, thereby establishing and improving various management systems related to the printing, the production cost and management fees of invoices, the earnest money of invoices, and the various management systems related to the purchase, use and preservation of invoices, so as to form a comprehensive legal system for invoice management, so that there will be rules to go by in every link related to invoice management

    根據《辦法》及其《細則》的有關規定，各級稅務機關應結合具體情況，對本地區原有的發票管理制度進行認真的清理，該廢止的要廢止，該修改的要修改，該重新制定的要重新制定，從而建立健全發票印製、發票工本管理費、發票保證金，發票購領用存等各項管理制度，形成一個從上到下完整的發票管理法規制度體系，使得發票管理的每個環節都有章可循。
  6. And the fundamental way out for the realization of the judicial impartiality lies in its reformation. on the basis of the principle of rule of law in constitution and by using the advanced experience of china and foreign countries for reference, we ought to reform the outdated judicial system which does n ' t conform to the operating law of administration of justice inside, to better the leadership system of judiciary by the party, to improve the relationship of power between legislative bodies ( the npc at all levels ) and judicial organs, to restrict the unjustified interventions of judicial powers by administrative authority, and to repres s the local, implemental and administrative trends in judicial powers. and within the operating mechanism of judicial powers, we should perfect the selection of judges and their job security and enhance the requisite qualifications to be judges

    司法改革的根本目標是司法公正，實現司法公正的根本出路在於司法改革，我們應當根據憲法的法治原則，借鑒中外司法制度中的先進成果，改革不符合司法權內在運作規律要求的舊的司法制度，改革黨對司法的領導體制，完善立法機關（各級人大）與司法的權力關系，控制行政權對司法權的不當干預，阻止司法權的地方化、工具化及行政化的趨勢；在司法權運作機制內部，完善法官的選拔及職業保障，抬高法官的資格門檻，同時廢除違反司法權性質的上下級之間請示、匯報、審批制度等等。
  7. But also the question " which information can be expressed by the combined accounting statement ? " we describe our structure of the theory of the approach to the combination of financial statement throughout 3 parts. firstly we discuss the foundational theory of the approach to the combination of financial statement, which consists of objective of the combined accounting statement, the amending of the traditional accounting hypotheses, quality of the accounting information and the bounds, premise, principle, procedure of the combination of financial statement ; secondly we probe into the applied theory that consists of purchase method, pooling of interest, new entity method, parent company method and entity method ; at last we point out the authoritative criteria on the combination of the financial statement is the logic finality of our academic structure

    從系統的角度，參照財務會計概念框架的這種邏輯路徑，排列組合相關概念和范疇，則將合併報表會計方法的理論結構分為三個層級：其一是合併報表會計方法的基礎理論，主要包括合併會計報表目標理論、對傳統會計假設的拓展、合併報表信息質量特徵以及合併報表的前提、范圍、原則、程序等；其二是合併報表會計方法的應用理論，是人們對實務中具體的合併報表會計方法的系統化的歸納、總結，主要包括購買法、權益集合法、新實體法以及母公司法和實體法等；其三是合併報表會計方法的技術規范，主要是指由權威部門制定的，對所管范圍內的合併報表等工作具有指導和約束作用，著重反映合併報表實務中帶有規律性的程序和方法的業務性規范。
  8. Statistically, it makes a quantitive analysis on the evolvement of the country economic structure in xi ' an city, the economic benefit of the changes in industry structure, the effect on labor resource collacation in industry structure and the effect of the increasing income of countrymen in industry structure changes, which discloses a rule of the industry structure evolvement in country. the putting forward of the non - agriculture industry in country, especially the rapid increase in country industry will promote the rise of the country industry level for a long term. the country industry structure influences a lot the increase of the farmer ' s income which is also affected by agriculture structure and planting structure, but less. the non - agriculture industry plays a main role in the increase of farmer ' s income. for the low level of the townlization and industrialization, developing industry, construction and commercial in country is very feasible to resolve the problem of spare labors in country. it is strengthening labors transferring and reducing the modulus of labor over the infield that farmers income could be kept increasing. after a theoretical analysis and twenty years practise in the regulation of country economy structure after the reform and opening policy in xi ' an, a new thought of regulating country economy structure in xi ' an is put forward that a strategic regulation must be taken in country economy structure and the agriculture structure must be optimized. moreover, an expanding agriculture must be developed and transfer the spare labors in country effectively. so the government function during the regulation of country economy structure is transferred to : the first one, making the stress policy in the regulation of country industry structure. 2ndly, strengthening the force in regulating country industry structure ; 3rdly, making a plan on the regulation of country industry structure ; 4th promoting the optimizition and upgree of industry relying on sci - tech progress ; 5th enhancing the townlization and optimizing the country industry structure ; last one, improving the quality of labors in full scale

    本文在概述經濟結構理論的基礎上，第一次系統地研究了西安市農村經濟結構調整，用數據統計的方法，定量、定性地分析了西安市農村經濟結構演變的軌跡，分析了產業結構變動的經濟效益、產業結構勞動力資源配置效應、產業結構變動的農民收入增長效應，揭示了農村產業結構演變的規律。提出農村非農產業，尤其是高速增長的農村工業，對促進農村產業水平的提升起著長?推動力的作用；農民收入增長直接受農村產業結構的影響最大，農業產業結構、種植業結構對農民收入有影響，但作用不可高估；非農產業是農民增收的主要支撐力量，解決農村余勞動力在城鎮化、工業化水平不高的情況下，切實可行的選擇是在農村發展工業、建築業、商飲業等非農產業；農民收入要保持快速增長態勢必須加大農村勞動力轉移力度，減少耕地承載勞動力的系數。通過理論分析，結合西安市改革開放后20多年的農村產業結構調整的實踐，提出了西安市農村產業結構調整的發展思路及目標、原則，明確指出了政府在農村經濟結構調整過程中的職能轉變的重要方面：一是制定農村產業結構調整的傾斜政策，二是加大對農村產業調整的投入力度，三是制定產業結構調整的規劃，四是依靠科技進步促進產業優化和升級，五是加快城鎮化過程，優化農村產業結構。
  9. A two - stage hybrid scheme is proposedbased on the criteria that decreasing mode nuinber reasonably and different attention shouldbe given to different class control variables, i. e., at the begirming stage, a larger granu1arity isused to make ga searching the area contaning optimal sollltion with less generation. thehybrid scheme of binary and integer code distinguished by voltage level is of clear levelconception thus can search the high voltage control variables more carefully. crossover andmutation of ga are also refined on the basis of above scheme

    並從合理減少模式數以及對不同變量給予不同程度關注的原則出發，提出了兩階段分層混合編碼方案：在遺傳演算法的開始階段，用較粗的粒度編碼，使遺傳演算法能夠用較少的迭代次數快速搜索到最優解所在的區域；按電壓等級分層的二進制和十進制混合編碼，具有清晰的層次概念，對那些影響較大的高壓網控制變量能夠有針對性地以更高的精度進行搜索。
  10. The third chapter analyses the existing laws and their practical defects. china supervisor laws, including company law, listed company governing rules, guiding opinion about building independent directors in the listed company etc, are from different origins, and made by different state organizations. the reason why supervisor boards are of less independency and their performance is not satisfactory are analyzed, which explains the necessity for reformation of china supervisor system

    我國監事制度主要由不同層級和不同法律淵源來進行規范，包括《公司法》 、 《上市公司治理準則》 、 《關于在上市公司建立獨立董事制度的指導意見》等。在實踐中，監事會獨立性差，發揮作用不盡人意，筆者分析了產生這種情況的原因，以此說明我國監事法律制度重構的必要性。
  11. Beginning with analyzing necessity and possibility to perfect law system, three followed principles of reforming and perfecting the individual income tax are established, i. e., beginning with the conditions of the state, draw lessons from the advanced way of abroad, guarantee continuous stability transition, and attain double function to regulate and organize the income etc. the concrete suggestion reforming and perfect system of individual income tax law is put out, including the adjustment tax system the mode, simplifying class and times of the tax rate, and lowering the limit tax rate, unifying the standard provision to reduce and to deduct, increasing the basic deduction standard, and perfecting advance payment system, etc. finally, six related measures of reforming and perfecting the system of individual income tax law are put out

    從完善法律制度的可行性和必要性分析入手，確立了個人所得稅改革和完善應遵循的三條原則，即從國情出發，借鑒國外先進辦法，保證連續穩定過渡，達到調節和組織收入的雙重功能等。提出了改革和完善個人所得稅法律制度的具體建議，包括調整稅制模式，簡化稅率級次，降低邊際稅率，統一減免扣除標準規定，提高基礎扣除標準，完善預扣預繳制度等。最後就改革和完善個人所得稅法律制度征管問題提出了五條措施。
  12. On the chapter 4, the paper analyses the organization of knowledge management from eight aspects, including organizational environment, the structure of organizational hierarchy, the character of network organization, the structure of organizational regimentation, organizational management mechanism, the structure of organizational culture, the mechanism of knowledge innovation and the character of self - organization. based on the above analysis, the author presents his points of view

    接下來，本文根據組織外部環境的變化情況，延展組織理論的內涵，結合知識管理的基本特徵，從外部環境、組織層級結構、組織網路特性、組織制度結構、組織管理機制、組織文化結構、知識創新機制以及自組織性等八個方面對知識管理組織進行了分析研究，並以筆者的觀點提出了知識管理組織設計的基本要求或原則。
  13. Second, the paper analyses the organization of knowledge management from six aspects, including organizational environment, the structure of organizational hierarchy and the character of network organization, the structure of organizational regimentation and organizational management mechanism, the structure of organizational culture, the mechanism of knowledge innovation and the character of self - organization. based on the above analysis, the author presents his points of view about organization design in the age of knowledge management

    其次，本文結合知識管理組織的組織特點，從組織外部環境、組織層級結構和網路特性、組織制度結構和管理機制、組織文化結構、知識創新機制和自組織性等五個方面對知識管理組織進行組織特性分析，並提出了知識管理時代組織設計的基本要求和原則。
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