粒子加熱 的英文怎麼說

Abstract : the formation technologies, the structure and properties of tcs microporous man - made yarn - kind new polyester fibre which was spinned in tcs with some micrometallic - oxide have been studied. the results indicate that the rheological behaviour and spinnability of commixed polyester melt, and the structure and properties of the fibre, are relative to the spinning temperature, melt pressure, microporpus size for spinning, formation conditions, thermo - vascellum temperature, thermo - vascellum position and rolling speed, besides the viscosity of polyester cuts, coacervation particles, adding amount and size of micrometallic - oxide

研究表明， tcs微孔化共混聚酯熔體在成型加工中的流變行為和可紡性，及其纖維的結構性能除了與原料切片的特性粘度、凝聚粒子和共混聚酯中超細金屬氧化物微粒的添加量、粒徑等因素的影響有關外，還與紡絲溫度、紡絲熔體壓力、噴絲板微孔尺寸、冷卻成形條件、熱管溫度、熱管安裝位置以及卷繞速度等因素的影響密切有關。

The electronic temperature, intensities of all lines and continuous spectra gradually increased with the increment of laser energy, and they got to maximum at different laser energy. our results of copper and aluminum show that there are possibly different thresholds of laser energy to electronic temperature and intensities of emission spectra of laser ablated plasma. at the different environmental gas pressure, spatial emission intensity distribution is explained by the competition among " heat reservoir effect ", " confined effect " and " s hadow effect "

認為cu等離子體羽的發光機制是由電子與粒子的碰撞傳能、電子與離子的復合形成的；隨激光能量的增加， cu等離子體特徵輻射（分立譜） 、連續背景輻射（連續譜） 、電子溫度都出現最大值；結合對al的實驗結果說明：激光燒蝕金屬產生的等離子體，其特徵輻射、連續輻射、電子溫度可能都存在一定的能量閾值；背景氣壓對激光燒蝕等離子體譜線的影響，其機理可以認為是「熱庫效應」 、 「約束效應」及「陰影效應」相互競爭的綜合結果。

The spherical particles are swept as droplets or volatilized and recondensed from a meteorite as it is heated to incandescence by friction in the upper atmosphere.

球形粒子是由小滴吹刮或者由在高層大氣中被摩擦加熱到白熾化的隕石揮發並重新凝結而成。

Then the molybdenum disulfide nanoparticles which size was in the range of 20 - 30 nm were prepared by the desulfuration of molybdenum trisulfide if taking hydrogen as a protection atmosphere at some temperature. the mos2 nanoparticles were then characterized by x - ray diffraction and transmission electron microscope. the mos2 nanoparticles and commercial common mos2 particles ( c. a

將乾燥后的三硫化鉬粉末在氫氣保護氣氛條件下，加熱脫硫得到粒徑在20 30nm之間的納米二硫化鉬顆粒，用x射線衍射儀（ xrd ）和透射電子顯微鏡（ tem ）對二硫化鉬納米顆粒進行了表徵。

In this paper, three unique models were designed to research atom diffusion at interface, contacting line and joining point under bpec heating and compare with it under radiation heating in order to find out if bpec speed atom diffusion. the first model was aimed to research atom diffusion at interface under bpec heating. experiment condition of bpec diffusion welding sheet cu and ni : direct diffusion welding, at a pressure of l0mpa, welded at 750 ~ 900, with heat rate of 200 ~ 400 / min for 10mm, on / off of 6 / l ~ 48 / 8, with die or not, vacuum of 6pa

本文設計出三種樣品預構件，研究脈沖大電流加熱條件下片狀材料、線狀材料和球形顆粒之間的原子擴散過程，弄清脈沖大電流加熱條件下原子擴散與一般燒結和焊接過程中原子擴散的區別，以證實特殊的電場和磁場是否對原子的擴散有推動作用，揭示脈沖大電流加熱條件下原子的擴散過程，探索脈沖大電流熱加工技術快速高效的原因。

Ultrashort pulse amplification, including chirped pulse amplification ( cpa ) and optical parametric chirped pulse amplification ( opcpa ), has been becoming one of the hot researches in the field of ultrashort pulse laser technology because ultrashort and ultrahigh intensity pulse laser has important applications in high field physics, such as x - ray laser, icf, laboratory astrophysics, laser particle accelerator, and so on

由於超短超強脈沖激光在x射線激光、慣性約束核聚變、實驗天體物理、激光粒子加速器等強場物理研究領域內的重要應用，超短脈沖激光放大技術目前已成為超短脈沖激光技術研究的熱點之一。它包括啁啾脈沖放大（ cpa ）和光參量啁啾脈沖放大（ opcpa ）兩大類。

The control of beam halo - chaos becomes a critical problem in the development of high intensity accelerator. efforts to remove the halo by collimation have been largely unsuccessful since the halos almost always regenerate. the mechanisms of halos are complex, such as nonlinear resonances and chaotic behavior etc. considering this, professor fang jin - qing who works in china institute of atomic energy pointed out that the theory of chaos control can be used to control beam halos. he presented the method to control halos by using nonlinear functions, which means nonlinear function g is added to the right of ion radial self - edlctric force equation and some nonlinear function are selected to control beam halos in simulations. in paper [ 69 ], controllerg = - 0. 15sin ( rmax - am ) 2 was used and the halo intensity was decreased to 0. 1078, the halos are removed partly

束暈?混沌的控制是新一代強流加速器研製的關鍵問題，隨著強流離子束應用前景的日趨廣闊而日益成為研究的熱點。傳統機械限束器因無法解決束暈的再生而收效甚微，因為束暈的形成有著其內在動力學機制?非線性共振以及混沌等。基於此，中國原子能科學院研究員方錦清將混沌控制的理論和方法開創性的運用於束暈?混沌的控制上，提出了控制束暈?混沌的非線性控制策略，即在粒子徑向所受束自生場力方程的右邊加上非線性控制函數g ：並選取一些非線性函數如等進行了控制的模擬研究，將束暈強度控制在0 . 1078左右，取得了初步的控制效果。

In this investigation carbon black - filled electrical conductive composites of poly ( ethylene terephthalate ) / polyethylene were first prepared through the single - screw melt - blended extrusion, then drawing, followed by the quenching and subsequent press molding. the relationships among the influencing factors including composition, hot stretching ratio and compatibilizer, morphology and properties of composites were systematically investigated. positive temperature coefficients effect and crystallization behaviors of composites were preliminarily analyzed

本文擬採用單螺桿熔融共混擠出?熱拉伸?淬冷的新的成型方法制備炭黑填充的pet pe復合導電材料，熱拉伸的目的是使材料的分散相（ pet相）在加工過程中原位形成纖維，而炭黑基本分散在纖維中或纖維的表面上，使炭黑粒子間間距減小，形成更多的導電通路，從而提高材料的導電性能，同時保持或提高材料的力學性能。

Compared with the existing techniques for enhancing heat transfer by adding millimeter and / or micrometer - sized particles in fluids, nanofluids appear to be ideally suited for practical application with incurring little or no penalty in pressure drop because the nanoparticles are so small that the nanofiuid behaves like a pure fluid

在液體中添迦納米粒子，可以顯著增加液體的導熱系數，提高熱交換系統的傳熱性能，而且由於納米粒子的小尺寸效應，其行為接近於液體分子，不會象毫米或微米級粒子易產生磨損或堵塞等不良結果。

With the method of adding nano - particles during extracting stage, dry uhmwpe gel fiber dispersed with nano - particles is prepared, after multi - step hot drawing, modified uhmwpe fibers are prepared

採用萃取加入的方式製成了納米粒子均勻分散的uhm認甲e干凍膠纖維，然後經過多級熱拉伸，製成納米粒子改性uhm從甲e纖維。

To investigate the space / time distributions and occurrence and evolution of such events, the diffusion pattern over deserts, turbulent transfer features in sandstorm weather, the particle size distribution, mass concentration and its distribution, optic properties, chemical composition and physical factors responsible for the initiation of raising sands, we made integrative observation and sounding of sandstorms deep in the large - scale desert area, including tengri, badanjilin and maowusu, with the items consisting of micrometeorological measurement, 3d wind observation, data from kb - 120 and anderson samplers of mass concentrations of sands with their spectrum, the distribution of aerodynamic particle sizes from the aps3310a, retrieval of aerosols " optic depth from sunphotometer data, assay of the chemical composition by means of neutron activiation analysis ( naa ) and integrated study of all related factors for causing sandstorm to occur, based on the observations of all kinds

利用所取資料，系統分析了不同強度沙塵天氣條件下沙塵氣溶膠質量濃度和質量濃度譜、粒子譜分佈、光學厚度、化學組分等特徵；綜合分析了影響沙塵起動的諸物理因子在沙塵起動中的作用；用沙塵輸送模式對一次沙塵暴天氣造成的泥雨過程的形成機制進行了模擬。歷史氣象資料統計分析表明，沙塵暴有其高發期（ 4 、 5月）和高發時段（ 14 - 20時） ， 14時到20時之間發生的沙塵暴約占沙塵暴總次數的66 。揚沙和沙塵暴天氣條件下，湍流動量通量和湍流感熱通量都是重要的湍流交換，沙塵暴發生前近地層的超絕熱不穩定對沙塵暴天氣有加強作用。

Composites of ep coating ultramicro iron were prepared using atpu & span60 as surface agent in dmf solvent by decomposing carbonyl iron and then vacuum distillation after adding epoxy resin ( e - 44 )

用atpu span60作表面活性劑，在dmf溶劑中，熱分解五羰基鐵后，加入環氧樹脂（ e - 44 ）減壓蒸餾，制備了ep包裹超微鐵復合粒子。

The data of mechanical properties test proved that the composite materials compounded with 0. 39 ~ 0. 46um ps organic rigid particles at 0. 2 % ( wt ) and pp have excellent strength and toughness. sem photograph found that the organic rigid particles were separated into 60 ~ 80nm size in the composite by melting process, which has belter toughness compare with the pp compounded with ultra - fine organic rigid particles

用2粒徑為0 . 39 0 . 46um的xps復合pp ，經力學性能測試，有最好的增韌效果； sem掃描電鏡發現，經熱加工的復合材料中最小的有機剛性粒子粒徑可部分分散到60 80nm ，該復合材料比超細有機剛性粒子復合的pp有更好的沖擊韌性。

This text completely and systematically studies the status and the development of the pyrolysis and the fluidization of biomass, which distill the bio - oil in the domestic and international area, as well as the existing problems. this thesis primarily include following aspects : ( l ), by experimenting and measuring the energy ( heat value ) and the content of c, h, n chemical element of right 20 kinds of common biomass, on the base of the experimental result, and respectively established the biomass energy predict experiment formula with the element of h and c is from change, and passed the ro. os examination, which provides the basis and convenience for flash pyrolysis fluidization device energy to convert the rate to compute with biomass energy utilization calculation ; ( 2 ), proceeded the tg and dtg experimentation equal velocity ( 10 ? / min, 20 ? / min, 40 ? / min, 60 ? / min ) heating and constant temperature heating by studying on eight kinds of biomass samples, according to the experimental data and arrhenius formula, we established the dynamics model of pyrolysis of, then, using the goast - redfern and p function, we also solved the dynamics parameters and analyze out every kind of biomass ' s frequency factor and parameters of activation energy, and established the every kind of dynamics model of pyrolysis of biomass, all of these provide the theories and basis to make sure the reactor ' s flash pyrolysis work temperature scope design and the describing of pyrolysis reactor dynamics ; ( 3 ), in order to study and ascertain the process of heat completely getting to pyrolysis time of varied size biomass particles, we observed and measured the ratio of length and diameter ( l / d ) with the varied biomass through electron microscope, we concluded the l / d ratios usually is from 5. 0 to 6. 0, the average is 5. 3 ; ( 4 ), we studied the process of biomass transiting and the theory of complete pyrolysis time with the theory of complicated heat field, we got the time ( t ) of the varied size biomass particles arriving to complete pyrolysis, and we knew that the complete pyrolysis time and the time which get to the biggest production ratio are identical, all of these studies provide the theory base for design and forecasting the flash pyrolysis reactor solid state resort time ; ( 5 ), according to the above experiment result, synthesize to make use of the engineering the mechanics, engineering the material, machine the design to learn the principle, deduce, establish the theory of rotation cone flash pyrolysis reactor material resort time ( t ) and reasonable rotation velocity ( or frequency ) relation theory ; and ( 6 ), we gave the reactor ' s smallest cone angle certain, reactor cone wall strength design theory, the reactor production ability theory, the power design method and the critical rotation velocity theory

本文較全面、系統地綜述了國內外生物質熱解液化制取生物燃油技術研究發展現狀及存在的問題，主要研究內容有： （ 1 ）實驗、測定了20種常見生物質的能量（發熱量）和c 、 h 、 n元素含量，根據實驗結果分別建立了以h和c為自變量的生物質能量預測經驗公式，並通過r _ （ 0 . 05 ）檢驗；為閃速熱解液化裝置能量轉化率計算和生物質能量利用率計算提供了依據和方便； （ 2 ）選擇了8種生物質試樣作了等加熱速率（ 10 min 、 20 min 、 40 min 、 60 min ）和恆溫加熱的tg和dtg實驗，根據實驗數據和阿倫尼烏斯公式建立了生物質熱解反應動力學微分方程，並採用goast - redfem積分法和p函數對其動力學參數進行了求解，解析出各種生物質的頻率因子和活化能參數，進而建立了各種生物質的熱解動力學模型，為科學確定反應器的閃速熱解工作溫度范圍及熱解反應動力學描述，提供了理論和依據； （ 3 ）為研究和確定不同尺度的生物質顆粒中心達到全熱解的時間，在體視顯微鏡下對不同粒度的生物質顆粒的長徑比進行了實驗觀察和測定，得出生物質的長徑比（ l d ）一般在5 . 0 6 . 0之間，平均為5 . 3的結果； （ 4 ）採用復雜溫度場傳熱學理論對生物質傳熱過程及充分熱解時間理論進行了研究，解析推導出了不同尺寸生物質顆粒中心溫度達到充分熱解溫度的時間（ t ） ，得出了理論推導的充分熱解時間與最大產油率的熱解時間相一致的結果，為閃速熱解反應器固相滯留時間設計和預測提供了理論依據； （ 5 ）根據上述實驗結果，綜合運用工程力學、工程材料、機械設計學原理，推導、建立了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器物料滯留時間（ ）與轉速（或頻率）合理匹配理論； （ 6 ）提出了轉錐式閃速熱解反應器的最小錐角設計、錐壁強度設計、生產能力設計理論和功率計算方法及臨界轉速理論等。

Investigators concluded decades ago that the generation of a voltage driving a simple, single current could not heat the solar atmosphere quickly enough or produce a flux of accelerated particles that is sufficient to make a flare

研究人員數十年前的結論認為，單單由電壓驅動電流，無法很快加熱太陽大氣，或產生足以形成日焰的加速粒子流量。

Urbanization also results in reduction in visibility, increase in cloud amount and decrease in global solar radiation in hong kong. urbanization often causes an increase in suspended particulates in the atmosphere and thus a decrease in visibility. as a result, the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground decreases

城市化通常令大氣中懸浮粒子濃度增加，導致能見度降低，因此，地面所接收的太陽輻射量下降，日間氣溫上升幅度較小，但由於空調系統及其他城市活動同時亦產生了熱能，最終兩個因素的效應互相抵銷，故此最高氣溫只有輕微變化。

Urbanization often causes an increase in suspended particulates in the atmosphere and thus a decrease in visibility. as a result, the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground decreases. the rise in temperatures during daytime was reduced but this is more or less offset by the heat generated from air conditioning and other urban activities

城市化通常令大氣中懸浮粒子濃度增加，導致能見度降低，因此，地面所接收的太陽輻射量下降，日間氣溫上升幅度較小，但由於空調系統及其他城市活動同時亦產生了熱能，最終兩個因素的效應互相抵銷，故此最高氣溫只有輕微變化。

Carbonyl iron particles and iron - epoxy resin composite particles, which both mrs and microwave absorber are based on, were prepared by method of dropping fe ( co ) 5 to dmf in constant temperatures and of heating the solution of fe ( co ) 5 / dmf stage by stage, combining in situ composite technique

本論文採用恆溫滴加法和逐步升溫液相法熱分解合成了羰基鐵粒子，並結合原位聚合復合技術制備了羰基鐵-環氧樹脂復合粒子，然後用它們組成了磁流變液和微波吸收材料。

The thesis mainly studies the assistance model of the structure evolution when the hsla steel is heated, works out the mathematic expression of the grain boundary in the process of interaction between grain boundary and second - phase particle, and develops a new physical model when grain are pinned by the second - phase participle

本文主要研究了碳鋼和微合金鋼在加熱過程中的組織演變規律的部分輔助模型，推導了晶界與二相粒子相互作用過程中變形晶界的數學表達式，建立了新的二相粒子釘扎晶界的物理模型。

The ratio of isopropyl alcohol and pure water and temperature in the process of freezing are considerated in the research of the preparation of the pt / c electrocatalysts with freeze - drying method. the result shows, when we use 300ml pure water to wash the carbon ( 40mg ) in isopropyl alcohol ( 20ml ) to alter the ratio of isopropyl alcohol and pure water, we get the electrocatalysts with high catalytic activity ; the use of the liquid nitrogen ( - 196 ) to freeze the suspension ( carbon and precursor solution ) can make the pt / c electrocatalysts in high dispersion

採用300ml純水對20ml異丙醇中的40mg碳載體進行洗滌抽濾，來改變預凍液中的醇水比例，通過冷凍乾燥制備pt / c的性能較好;採用液氮對預凍液進行冷凍（預凍溫度為- 196 ）制備的pt / c催化劑性能較好;冷凍乾燥法可以有效地避免加熱乾燥過程中前軀體離子在碳載體表面的脫附和團聚，進而制備載量大、分散性好、粒徑較小的pt / c催化劑。