系統學 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [xìtǒngxué]
系統學
英文
genealogy-
We use integrated research approach combining studies of ecosystem processes, remote sensing, gis, and computer modeling, to analyze and quantify ecosystem dynamics of major biomes of china in the context of global change. our researches are multidisciplinary, and focusing on terrestrial ecosystem processes at multiple - scales
以陸地生態系統學為指導學科，綜合多尺度生態系統過程檢測與分析、遙感和gis技術應用、計算機模型模擬，研究和預測全球變化背景下區域生態系統結構及其功能的變化趨勢。Biosystematics may therefore be considered as the taxonomic application of the discipline known as genecology.
生物系統學可以看成是遺傳生態學這門學科分類學上的應用。Biosystematics : the area of systematics in which experimental taxonomic techniques are applied to investigate he relationships between taxa
生物系統學:在系統學領域內運用試驗分類技術來調查分類單元之間關系的學科。By morphological observation and rapd typing, the taxonomy position of pt95 strain and biosystematics of it and its close relative species was identified
本研究通過形態觀察和rapd分析，初步確定了pt95菌株的分類地位以及該菌株和其近緣種的生物系統學關系。This research work on bird striking has a long history and already got plentiful achievemellts in theories and experiments, howevef, still a long way no doubt waits to go for sophisticated research work on it more detailed to apply to airframe engineering quantitatively in combination wth the technical reformation of the birdstrike experimelltal system in our laboratory, this thesis deeply studies and analyses the numerica1 computation and simulation methods to birdstrike dynamic response problem based on finite - elemefit - method ( fem ) numerical emulation and modem large - scale scientfic computation software
本文結合我公司鳥撞實驗體系技術改造項目，應用有限元數值計算模擬技術及現代大型科學計算工具，對鳥體撞擊飛機風擋結構的動力學響應問題進行了系統學習與研究探討，初步掌握了科學計算方法，獲得了計算模擬的實踐經驗，為今後深入應用大型科學計算手段進行撞擊類科學問題的研究以及深入應用於工程實踐奠定了強有力的工作基礎。The scielltific computational theories and methods on bird strike to the windshield of aircraft have been systematically studied and summed up in this thesis, such as fem comptltational principles and procedures to elastic dynamic problems under the conditions of small and non - linear finite deformation, 3d viscous elastic constitutive theory and incremelltal expression under the consideration of the rate effect of non - metallic materials like the aircraft windshield, and the numerical compatational principles and key constitutions for impact - contact dynamic subjects
2 、系統學習並歸納總結了鳥體撞擊風擋結構問題中的科學計算理論與計算方法。按照鳥撞問題數值計算方法逐步深入的思路，系統總結了小變形結構動力學有限元數值計算方法、有限變形的幾何非線性有限元數值計算方法、粘彈性體非線性形變的本構物理關系；對于實施復雜結構有限元動力學計算的載荷增量方法提出了對newmark差分的改進以及進行材料與幾何非線性數值計算的細致步驟。Application of molecular markers to the studies on the systematics and classification of ciliated protozoa
分子標記在纖毛蟲原生動物系統學研究中的應用Studies on cladistic analysis of osmanthus
木犀屬的分支系統學分析Phylogenetic relationship of the sinibrama species was reconstructed using the cladistic method and morphological characters. c. monglicus monglicus, a. lini, p. pekinensis and m. terminalis were selected as out - group. and a total of 34 morphological characters were found variable among four valid species
用分支系統學方法，重建華鯿屬魚類的系統發育關系，運用外類群比較法，選擇蒙古? 、大眼近紅? 、鯿和三角魴為外類群，對34個形態學性狀進行了簡約性分析。Illiensis type and t. tetraphylla type. there are more than one types of embryo sac in 3 species, sush as t. illiensis, t. heteropetala and t. heterophylla
在所報道的5組共45種鬱金香屬植物中，發現該屬植物的胚囊發育類型具有一定的系統學意義。Plant endemism is the key problem in floristic study. analysis of endemism in a flora has significant implications in demonstrating floristic richness and diversity, the relationship between plants and their environment, and also in conserving biodiversity of the flora. in view of the situation that most of the past studies on endemism were qualitative, this study is the first tentative approach to the introduction of quantitative indices to the analysis of floristic endemism, with an purpose to push the study of endemism from qualitative to quantitative. four quantitative indices are introduced, i. e. level of endemism ( l ), coefficient of endemism ( c ), degree of endemism ( d ) and general index of endemism ( a ). mathematical formulae have been given to each of the above indices and explanations for them have been presented, and the scope of their use in floristic studies has been delimited and exemplified in this paper. the result shows that they are of good applicability. the proposed indices embody full information of plant systematics and plant geography. with the aid of qualitative analysis, the application of the proposed indices will improve the comparability and precision of endemism study in floristics
過去有關特有現象的研究主要限於定性的分析，可比性和精確性較差.該文嘗試引入特有現象的定量化指標，以推動特有現象的分析研究從定性水平向定量水平邁進.所引入的4種定量化指標分別是：特有水平、特有系數、特有度以及特有綜合指數.對每種量化指標都給出了數學表達式，說明了其區系學意義，例證和界定了這些指標在植物區系分析中的應用，結果表明，它們有良好的適用性.這些指標充分地包含了植物系統學和植物區系學的信息.結合定性分析，這些指標的應用將增強植物區系研究的可比性，使植物區系特有現象的分析達到更精確的水平The size and shape of the seeds, and the position of the hilum are of no important systematic significance, but the protruding degree of the hilum, the shape of the testa cells and the pattern of their cell walls, particularly the appendages of the in ner side, are of important value in the phylogenetic consideration of the tribe hyoscyameae
各屬植物的種子大小、形狀及種臍著生位置的系統學意義不大。但是，種臍突出與否、種子外種皮細胞形狀和周壁式樣，尤其是周壁內側附屬物等性狀具有較大的分類學意義。The material of this study is a new species - cardamine hupingshanesis, found by lin - hang liu and ke - ming liu professors of hunan normal university. its karyotype was analyzed and molecular evolutions of five species, c. hupingshanesis ( hup, about 1300m sea level ), c. griffithii ( gri, about 1500m sea level ), c. impatiens ( imp about 600m sea level ), c. hirsute ( hir, about 200m sea level ) and c. scutata ( scu, about 200m sea level ) were studied. on the basis of moiphological studies, phylogenetic trees were constructed by its sequences and then the phylogenetic relations of hup and four other species were discussed
本文以湖南師范大學劉林翰、劉克明老師發現的十字花科碎米薺屬（ cardamine ）一新種? ?壺瓶碎米薺（ cardaminehupingshanesisl . h . liu ， hup ，海拔1300m左右）為實驗材料，對其核型作初步分析；並結合該新種同屬同組（碎米薺組， sect . cardamine ）但生長在海拔不同的四個種? ?大葉山芥碎米薺（ cardarminegriffithii ， gri ，海拔為1500m左右） 、彈裂碎米薺（ cardamineimpatiens ， imp ，海拔為600m左右） 、碎米薺（ cardaminehirsute ， hir ，海拔為200m左右）和圓齒碎米薺（ cardaminescutata ， scu ，海拔為200m左右）進行了分子系統學研究。Through comparison and alignment on the sequences, 47 haplotypes are chosen and involved in analysis. 4. the purposes of this research are phylogeny of intrafamily ( including intraspecific, interspecific, intergeneritic and intersubfamily )
經排序和對比分析，能夠用於分子系統學分析的單倍型序列有47條，這些單倍型全部參加了分析。Floral morphogenesis of wikstroemia delavayi thymelaea - ceae and its phylogenetic implication
的花部形態發生及其系統學意義It is put forward that colleges of multiversities should be organized renewedly based on the subject troops and orient functions and cut organs ; the decision - ma king and command subsystems should be perfected ; colleges should be organized renewedly based on the subject troops the academic power should exert larger effect
其次，在管理體制的三個層面即組織結構、管理子系統和權力結構上闡明了優化調整管理體制的思路，提出按照學科類型重組校屬學院，轉變學院職能、精簡機構；完善院校決策指揮系統；學術權力在院校中應發揮更大作用。The trend is refered to combine the evidence from several genes representing both nuclear and organella genomes with morphology, ontogeny and life history for systematic studies ; while studies at the population level by applying molecular techniques with high differenciation lead an important direction
指出同時應用能夠代表核和細胞器基因組的多個基因結合形態、個體發育和生活史進行系統學分析是其必然發展趨勢；而應用高解析度的分子手段進行居群研究是一個重要的發展方向。Cricket is a sort of insects that are famous for their songs. in taxonomy respect, they belong to grylloidea, orthoptera. much research work has been done in its systematics, but the research of molecular systematics in grylloidea is just at the beginning
然而對蟋蟀的系統學研究還很不完善，傳統的形態分類目前仍是其系統學研究的主要方法，而蟋蟀類昆蟲近緣種現象較為普遍，在許多方面，學者的觀點不一，爭議也較大。1. because the taxonomic division is rather complex and has been much disputed and revised, in this part, we will review the classification and phylogeny of families, subfamilies and tribes of anseriformes based on morphology, ethology, osteology, mitochondrial and nuclear dna restriction fragment length polymorphism, single - copy nuclear dna hybridization and the sequences of mitochondrial gene analysis referring to the different definition, classification and phylogenetic relationships of the families, subfamilies and tribes of anseriformes. the controversial questions and deficiency in the systematic studies of anseriformes were pointed out
具體包括以下幾個部分： 1 、針對雁形目鳥類異常復雜的分類狀況及分類上存在的爭議，根據雁形目鳥類的形態學、行為學、骨骼學、角蛋白、線粒體與核dna酶切片段長度多態、單拷貝核dna - dna雜交及線粒體基因dna序列分析等方面的研究，對雁形目鳥類分類中科、亞科和族的劃分及其相互間的系統發生關系進行綜述，分析系統學研究中存在的不足，提出了雁形目鳥類分類中急需解決的問題。The methods of classical classification, integrating the study on seed morphology and leave epidemics morphology, along with phytomorphology, phytotomy, phytoembryology, palynology, phytocytotaxonomy, phytochemistry and molecular systcmatics, were used to revise and complete the former taxonomic system
以經典植物分類學方法為基礎，結合種子形態學和葉表皮形態學的實驗研究，參考植物形態學、植物解剖學、植物胚胎學、孢粉學、植物細胞分類學、植物化學和分子系統學等方面的資料，對前人的五味子屬分類系統進行修訂和補充。分享友人