經濟杠桿作用 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jīngjìgānggǎnzuòyòng]
經濟杠桿作用 英文
economic leverage
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 杠 : 杠名詞[書面語]1. （橋） small bridge2. （旗桿） flagstaff
  • 桿 : 桿名詞（桿子） pole; staff
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  1. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  2. Finally, the thesis introduces vanke real estate company for the demonstration research object, pointing out that the vanke ' s advantage of competition is the reasonable capital structure. to meet the future development, the thesis suggest that vanke ' s optimal capital structure decision be the debt increase moderation, bring into financing leverage, multi channel financing, furthermore, to increase the facility of the financing, it should be on the base of the stability of the capital structure

    最後，文章以萬科房地產公司為實證研究對象，以資本結構的相關理論為基礎，指出萬科經濟合理的資本結構是萬科在激烈的市場競爭中的優勢，並從發展的角度，提出了萬科最佳資本結構的建設性決策意見：適度增加負債融資，發揮財務杠桿作用；採取多渠道融資方式，在保持資本結構相對穩定的基礎上增加應變的靈活性。
  3. Long - term and efficient work safety mechanism must be established in high risky industries such as coal mine industry, in which the concept of scientific development must be insisted, economic rule must be obeyed, and economic lever must be brought into full play

    在以煤炭生產為代表的高風險行業中建立「長久」而又「有效」的安全生產機制，必須堅持科學發展觀，嚴格遵循經濟規律，充分發揮經濟杠桿作用。
  4. The above problems and difficulties could be solved through the following perspectives : attaching great importance to the development of the non - public sectors of the forest economy ; quickening the system innovation and forestry legislation ; cultivating market of living trees ; establishing organizations for evaluating forest resources ; improving the circulating services ; expanding channels of financing ; encouraging the qualified non - public sectors of the forest enterprise to become listed companies ; allowing forest to be mortgaged as assets, guiding the social investment in forestry with the economic leverage ; developing leading enterprises and implementing the operation model of " companies, bases and farmer households " ; and improving the socialized forestry service systems

    通過調研，作者認為應從以下幾方面著手解決上述問題：把發展非公有制林業經濟作為今後一個時期林業工作的戰略重點，加快創新機制和林業法律法規的建設；培育活立木市場，建立森林資源評估機構，做好流轉服務工作；拓寬融資管道，鼓勵具備條件的非公有制林業企業上市融資；允許林木資產以抵鉀形式向銀行貨款；運用經濟杠桿作用，引導社會參與投資；培育龍頭企業，實施「公司+基地+農戶」的經營方式；健全林業社會化服務體系。
  5. Enterprises in clean development mechanism projects, which have effectively contributed to the reduction of ghg emission in

    （清潔發展機制）項目的合作，有效地利用經濟杠桿促進了溫室氣體
  6. We should improve the macroeconomic control system featuring the coordination of state planning and fiscal and monetary policies to give play to economic leverage

    完善國家計劃和財政政策貨幣政策等相互配合的宏觀調控體系，發揮經濟杠桿的調節作用。
  7. We will rely on scientific and technological advancement, encourage the role of market mechanism and economic leverage, and build up our capability in energy saving, so as to improve energy conservation and efficiency across all fronts

    我們將依靠科技進步，發揮市場機制和經濟杠桿的作用，增強節約能源的能力，全面促進能源的節約和高效利用。
  8. In the environment of market economy, the economic lever should be taken to carry out the internalization of accident loss, including the increase of compensation, drawing pledge for work safety, enforcing penalty or forfeit, fluctuating the premium rate, implementing injury leave with wages, and implementing strictly the market entry and exit mechanism

    市場經濟條件下，安全損失內部化須藉助經濟杠桿的調節作用，通過提高賠償額度、提取安全生產抵押金、制裁或罰款、浮動保險費率、帶薪工傷病假以及市場進退機制等手段，加大安全損失內部化力度。
  9. As far as a country ' s economy is concerned, venture investment is undoubtedly a fularum that can prize the whole level of economy, main functions as the following two aspects : 1 promoting the transformation of scientical and technical achievements ; 2 advancing the originality of techniques and management

    對一國經濟而言，風險投資無疑是一個支點，可以撬動整個杠桿。這種作用主要體現在兩個方面：一是促進科技成果的轉化；二是推動了技術和管理創新。
  10. The thesis analysed on the fact that it is no good to have the fixed exchange rate regime so far as the economic leverage is concerned. moreover, we are not yet ready for floating exchange rate regime. so we have to take a " middle way " between the fixed and floating rate

    本論文重點分析了在中國金融進一步開放中，實施固定匯率制不利於發揮匯率的經濟杠桿作用，而實施浮動匯率制的條件又不具備，只能選擇介於固定與浮動兩極之間的「中間匯率安排」 。
  11. Abstract : based on the reality of safety management in china, the necessity of utilizing the control mechanism balanced economically by the worker ' s injury to the management is analyzed. further more, the complex evaluation model and index system for building the control mechanism was established

    文摘:從我國安全管理實際出發，分析了藉助于工傷保險的經濟杠桿作用實現國家對企業安全管理制約機制的必要性，並對建立制約機制有關的指標體系及綜合評估模型，以及該機制實現等問題進行了深入探討。
  12. Second, always take the economic development as the primary task and hence develop production capacity third, contibue to give full play to the lever function of tax revenue

    第二，始終把發展經濟放在第一位，推動經濟的高速發展。第三，繼續發揮稅收杠桿的作用，縮小貧富差距。
  13. Not only is the production - oriented vat detrimental to the development of foreign trade, the advance of technology, the optimization of industrial structures, the balance of regional economy, the specialization and collaboration of production, the imposition of taxes, the sustaining increase of state revenue etc., but it also disrupts the optimization of the enterprises " organization structures, weakens the function of the tax lever, breaks the tax credit " chain ", increases the difficulty in tax credit based on invoices and leads to discriminatory tax burden among industrial and commercial enterprises

    生產型增值稅不利於對外貿易的發展，不利於技術的進步，不利於優化產業結構，不利於平衡區域經濟，不利於專業化、協作化生產，干擾企業組織結構的優化，不利於稅款的徵收，不利於國家財政的持續增長，弱化了稅收杠桿的作用，不利於外資的引進，導致扣稅「鏈條」中斷，增加發票扣稅的難度，導致工商企業間的稅負不平衡。
  14. The role of the economic lever is clear day by day, the social value point is individual increasingly and the college students " value trends are deeply influenced by the new viewpoints of the market economy and change a lot

    九十年代是中國市場經濟逐步建立和發展的轉型時期，經濟杠桿的作用日益明顯，社會價值觀念日益個性化，大學生的價值取向受市場經濟新觀點的影響發生了重大的變化。
  15. As an important part of institutional construction, revenue is the main measure by the economic lever to reduce the operation cost of the npo, standardize the daily supervision of the npo, and encourage the social donation

    而如何從制度上加以完善將是在法治社會下解決這些問題的關鍵。稅收作為制度建設的重要一環，是利用經濟杠桿來降低非贏利組織運作成本，規范非贏利組織日常監管，鼓勵社會捐贈的重要手段。
  16. The purpose of reforming the foreign exchange institute is to increase the elasticity of the system, and from this, exchange rate can have the function of regulating the economy. the media measure is improving the forming mechanism of exchange rate of rmb. at present, the feasible measures is enlarging the floating region of exchange rate of rmb. firstly, improving the extent of marketization of forming mechanism of exchange rate, including enlarging the floating region of exchange rate of rmb in the inter - bank exchange market, adjusting the policy of exchange position of banks, reforming compulsive exchange settling institute

    今後，我國有必要改進人民幣有管理的浮動匯率制度，使匯率更多的反映市場供求信號。完善人民幣有管理的浮動匯率制度的最終目的，應是改進人民幣匯率形成機制，增加人民幣匯率制度的彈性，以進一步發揮匯率杠桿對經濟的調節作用。當前可以選擇的政策措施是擴大人民幣匯率的波動區間。
  17. Institutional economics is its basic theoretical clue. the institutional approach includes : transaction cost is a basic view for housing finance institutions and a certain institution follows the principle of minimum transaction cost ; financial deepenness and financial function theories are important ways to understand housing finance institution ; a systematic institutional structure of housing finance comes from the interaction of social economy, culture and politics, and institutional bundling and embeddedness are common forms ; financial structure theory is a forceful quantitative way to analyses housing finance institutions ; minimization of transaction cost is the basic motivation for institutional transformation, and the basic ways are forced transformation and induced transformation ; equity and efficiency are basic criteria for evaluating housing finance institutions, which may implement through certain institutions while government acts as leverage between equity and efficiency. ( 2 ) multiformality and transformation of housing finance

    制度經濟學是基本的理論線索，制度分析範式包括如下方面：交易成本是考察住房金融制度的基本視角，特定的住房制度安排遵循約束條件交易成本最小化原則；金融深化和金融功能理論是理解特定住房金融制度安排的重要輔助方法；整體性住房金融制度結構的形成是包括社會經濟、文化、政治等各類制度在內互相影響、平衡的產物，制度捆綁和制度嵌入是常見的形式；金融結構方法是用制度分析方法解釋住房金融制度的有力的定量分析工具；住房金融制度變遷的基本動因是交易成本最小化（外部收益內部化） ，變遷的基本方式是強制性變遷和誘致性變遷；公平和效率是住房金融制度評價的基本標準，公平和效率通過一定的制度安排可以同時實現，政府在住房金融制度中起著平衡公平和效率的杠桿作用。
  18. Urban development strategy should embody problem consciousness, competition - collaboration consciousness and vision consciousness ; active attitude is the essential characteristics of urban development strategy ; public economic and public policy are the lever and the fulcrum through which urban development strategy affect urban development ; publicity is existence form of urban development strategy ; foresight, total, overall planning are the three indispensable ideas of making a successful urban development strategy

    城市發展戰略需要具有問題意識、競合意識、願景意識；主動性是城市發展戰略的本質特徵，公共經濟、公共政策是城市發展戰略對城市發展發揮作用的杠桿和支點，公開性是城市發展戰略的存在方式；遠見、全局、統籌是制定成功的城市發展戰略應具有的三個觀念。
  19. Practice has proved that tax as a means of adjusting the economic development of important leverage is playing an increasingly important role

    實踐證明，稅收作為調節經濟發展的重要杠桿正在發揮著越來越重要的作用。
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