縱向社會 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zōngxiàngshèkuài]
縱向社會
英文
vertical society-
Quality can be classified in many aspects : according to horizontal aspect, there are directional quality and energetic quality ; according to vertical aspect, there are nature quality, psychological quality and social culture quality ; according to educational periods, there are basic quality, major quality and specific quality
素質可以多方位觀察：從橫向上劃分，有方向性素質與能量素質；從縱向分析，有自然素質、心理素質、社會文化素質。Based on the content of part 1, the author of this paper respectively deals with it from three aspects : ( 1 ) the aim and choice of this field is to balance the profits between society and individual, not only to encourage inventer " s creation but also to make the level of social science advance ; ( 2 ) criminal law starts only when laws except for criminal law have lost function to wrong conducts on intellectual property rights ; ( 3 ) the legislator shall pay close attention to the question weather the departments of justice execute the criminal law on the crimes of intellectual property rights
該部分主要是沿著第一部分的邏輯推演，在認定刑法應該介入的前提下，在理論上追問刑法介入的深度和廣度。分別做了三方面的探討：一是價值目標限制，即個人利益與社會利益的衡平、鼓勵創新與科技進步的衡平；二是法律性質限制，即後盾法的刑法應是最後制裁法；三是刑法介入的縱向程度限制，即適度觀念下的注重實證效果。Here the author puts forward that it should follow four principles. they are the principles of vertical authorization, horizontal combination of lines and blocks, a combination of government ' s administrative conduct and social conduct, a combination of management and service. based on these principles, we should build a structure of three administrative sub - systems, which is called the system of party and administrative leadership, the system of department execution, the system of support and supervision
文章第四部分提出在遵循縱向層層授權、橫向條塊結合、政府行政行為與社會自主行為相結合、管理與服務相結合這四條原則的基礎上，構築新型的街藝巴八碩士學住論文wmasthr 』 sthesis道社區管理組織，它應包括三個管理子系統? ?黨政領導系統、專業執行系統、支持監督系統，分別履行制定政策、執行政策、反饋和監督政策功能。Not one single day goes by without news, debates and comments on china : business deals, trade negotiations, diplomatic summits, political events, state visits, financial ups and downs, societal trends. . the list goes on
縱覽全球媒體，每天都有關于中國的新聞報道：經濟協定、貿易談判、外交峰會、政治動向、國是訪問、經濟動態、社會動向等；面對紛至?來的種種會議、論壇、學術討論，中國觀察家們忙得目不窺園。We should prevent the revival of reckless action and constantly combat the practice of indiscriminate killing and assassination, which only serves to create confusion in society ; at the same time, we should guard against the tendency to allow traitors and saboteurs to run wild
我們不僅要防止亂乾的復活，始終反對亂殺暗殺造成社會混亂的行為，而且應防止另一偏向，即放縱與聽任漢奸破壞分子的活躍。One of historical materialism, social modes theory was established by marx and engels firstly putting it on the base of social structure ' s research. it aims to open out the inherent and certain relations of history development by analyzing the conflict of social elements, and at last it can draw a general law of society
唯物史觀社會形態理論是馬克思在研究社會結構理論的基礎上形成的，它旨在通過對社會結構各個要素之間矛盾運動的剖析，來揭示人類社會歷史縱向發展過程內在的、本質的、必然的聯系，從而指出社會形態演（ ? ）最一般的規律。On the view of situation, the thesis settles the position, characteristic and the development of the primary state of the socialism in china, which is to analyze the history position and characteristic of the primaiy state of the socialism in china and to point out the general plan of the construction on the basic of sum up the thought way of the theory of social economy state of marxism. the mainly used methods of analysis are : ( 1 ) the research of the process, construction and the layer level are associated. the thesis not only analysis the historical formation, but also analysis the constitution and the layer level, so as to consolidate the various theories of the marxism, and to understand the theoiy of social economy state of marxism systematically
本文的主要分析方法是:把社會經濟形態的過程論、結構論、層次論相結合，不僅分析社會經濟形態的縱向發展歷程，並且分析其橫向構成形式，還分析其歷程和構成的內部層次，從而使馬克思相關的豐富而多樣的論述統一到一個整體中來，以便全面、系統地理解和把握馬克思的社會經濟形態思想;把理解馬克思的論著資料與體會其思想邏輯相統一，既廣泛引用馬克思論著的眾多原文原句，又充分領會馬克思的整體思想內涵，在研究其論著資料中體會其思想內容，在分析其思想邏輯中運用其論著資料，以達到客觀、完整地理解和把握馬克思的社會經濟形態思想;注重理論研究與現實實踐相一致，既尊重馬克思的真實思想，又聯系社會實踐，特別是當今時代的現實和中國社會主義初級階段的建設。With china ' s accession to the world wide organization, what strategies should our textile corporations take and how to develop them ? combining to their self - characters, a historical and realistic research has been taken into the personnel system of textile corporations. this research is backed up by such main theories as humanism hypothesis theory, manpower capital theory, as well as human resource management theory, and the methods consist of document retrieving, social investigation, induction and deduction, and comparative study
本文以中國加入wto后，我國紡織行業如何積極應對發展壯大為研究背景，以人性假設、人力資本、企業人力資源管理等理論研究為依託，採用了文獻檢索、社會調查、歸納演繹、比較研究等方法，結合紡織企業自身特點，對紡織企業人力資源管理的完善與創新進行了歷史和現實、橫向和縱向發展式的研究。The author of this essay believes that only if a terrorist attack constitutes armed attack, the victim state has the right to do so. the victim state should strictly observe all the four requirements mentioned above. the targets should be limited to the terrorist group which carried out the terrorist attack and the state ( states ) which goaded, directed, controlled or tolerated the terrorist attack
此外，本文認為受害國有權在恐怖主義行動構成武力攻擊的情況下對其行使自衛權，但是受害國應向國際社會提供確鑿的相關證據並應嚴格遵守必要性和相稱性原則，並且對恐怖主義進行自衛的對象應限於實施了構成武力攻擊的恐怖主義行動的恐怖主義組織以及指導、控制、唆使或縱容該恐怖主義行動的國家。The thesis analyze the relation between the human and the nature, productivity and relationship of the productivity, the relationship between of the human being and the society economy and the layer level of productivity and relationship of the productivity. and the thesis concludes the society is in the transition period of the material production and the spiritual production. and finally the thesis points out the characteristic of the society and the socialism in china, and point a finger on the principle, guideline and the general plan of the construction of the primary state of the socialism in china
本文主要的思想邏輯是:從分析馬克思關於人和社會的本質、本性入手，然後確認人的全面發展和人的解放為主題，再進一步論述生產勞動是人和社會的本質、本性的必然表現，又是人的全面發展和人的解放的必然形式和途徑;在分析人們的生產勞動中分析人與自然和生產力與生產關系的橫向結構、人和社會經濟形式以及生產力與生產關系內部層次的不同歷史形態的縱向過程，然後歸結到人口、物質、精神三種生產的共時性結構和歷史性過程，明確人類社會正處於物質生產時代與精神生產時代的過渡時期;最後根據人類所處的時代的特徵和中國社會主義社會的特點，指出中國社會主義初級階段建設應有的指導原則、基本指針和發展戰略。Vertical social mobility
縱向社會流動This article begins from the angle of management philosophy, and makes use of the basic opinions of marxism to carry out a vertical inspection to the developing history of management authority, then reveal the intrinsic developing logic of it. guided by the opinions above, i combine with the remarkable change of the contemporary social background, and put forward some useful suggestions to how to operate management authority in knowledge era correctly
本文從管理哲學的角度出發，運用馬克思主義的基本觀點，對管理權威的演變歷史進行了縱向考察，並揭示出了其內在的發展邏輯。並以此為指導，結合時代背景的深刻變化，為知識社會中管理權威的正確運用提供了一些有益的建議。The study of adolescent social self - concept is the objective need of the their mental health development, reflecting the deep study trend of self - concept. it is also the urgent need of realization of the indigenous study on self - concept
研究青少年社會自我是其心理健康發展的客觀需要，是自我概念研究向縱深方向發展的具體表現，也是自我心理學研究本土化的迫切要求。Sociometric nomination and questionnaire method were applied in this survey. 490 children in an elementary school, from the third grade to the sixth grade, completed peer nomination and three scales, the revised class play, friendship quality questionnaire, and who am i, in june 2002 and so did 514 children in the same school and grades in december 2002. cross - section design and longitudinal design were employed to explore correlation and predictor relations between social competence and academic achievement
本研究採用同伴提名法、問卷法，使用《班級戲劇》 《友誼質量》 《我是什麼樣》等問卷分別在2002年6月和2002年12月對武漢市一所小學3 、 4 、 5 、 6年級兒童進行追蹤調查，橫斷研究和縱向研究用以分別探討四個水平（群體水平、雙向關系水平、人際交互水平和個體特徵水平）的社會能力和學業成就的相關關系和預測關系。Vertical social distance
縱向社會距離The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises, based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families, and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit. it also realized production specialization, product commercialization, service socialization and etc. the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad. although it is different in national conditions and actual practice, the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization. as the continuous reforming and opening up, china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization. the writer uses system changing theory, scale management theory, trade expense theory. market system theory and industrial economics theory, to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises, which is divided by ownership, organization form, contact form and product. the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market, the developing of high - benefit agriculture, establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system, region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area. the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale. continuous widening in fields, continuous enhancing in benefits, continuous improving in techology and quality. by finding the problem and shortage in product quality, developing ability and scale strength, the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system. the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level
文章研究了農業產業化經營的內涵，明確其以市場為導向、以龍頭企業為依託、以一大批農戶組成的農產品生產基地為基礎，形成農工商有機結合、風險共擔、利益均沾的本質特點，表現出生產專業化、經營一體化、企業規模化、產品商品化、服務社會化等特徵。分析了國內外產業化經營的現狀，認為盡管各國的國情不同，具體的做法和叫法不盡相同，但是經濟發達國家都遵循市場經濟規律，很自然走上了農業產業化經營的道路，發展中國家紛紛仿效，中國也隨著改革開放不斷深入，積極探索發展提高農業產業化經營水平。作者運用制度變遷理論、規模經營理論、交易費用理論、市場機制理論和產業經濟學理論，提出了龍頭企業從所有制形式、從組織形式、從聯系方式及從產品上劃分的主要類型；認為發展龍頭企業有促進小生產與大市場的有效對接、推動優質高效農業縱深發展、建立貿工農一體化運行機制、振興區域經濟、加速城鄉一體化進程等作用；考察了招遠市壯大龍頭企業推進農業產業化的現狀，表現在規模不斷擴大、領域不斷拓寬、效益不斷提高、技術不斷改進、質量不斷提高等方面；找出了龍頭企業產品質量上、開發能力上、規模實力上和行業自律上的問題和差距，提出了要面向市場，努力提高農產品的質量和科技含量，多策並舉，搞活投入機制，建立公平合理的利益聯結機制，加強行業自律，提高企業經營管理水平等對策和建議。On one hand, aims at eliminating the wrong ideas on the origin of china crime prevention, wanting to point out that the ideas on crime prevention has long been existing, even the sprout of it can be dated back to as early as yao and shun periods in the primitive society. on the other hand, trying to find out its process of emerging and developing vertically, in order to expound its basic features and broad containing, and then, in a further sense, pointing out that the sprout and development of them has great effect on the late period, in addition to that society eventually. there ' s much in their ideas that we can make use of today
一方面，意在消除長期以來法史學界對中國古代預防犯罪思想起源的誤解，指出早在距今約4000多年前原始社會末期的唐堯虞舜時代，就已經有關于預防犯罪的思想萌芽存在；另一方面，力求縱向探索先秦預防犯罪思想的發生、發展與嬗變歷程，闡述其基本特色，揭示其豐厚內涵，並進一步指出萌生與發展于先秦時期的預防犯罪思想，不僅對整個先秦社會產生了重大影響，對後世所產生的影響也極其深遠，值得我們今天加以分析批判和借鑒。In contrast, few literatures focuses the type of vertical restraints imposed on manufacturers by retailers. however, in the past decade, due to the technology innovation, retailers in many industries have become bigger in size to utilize economies of scale and scope, with the industrial concentration enhanced, retailers, especially the chained store retailers, seem to acquire the buyer power when bargaining with manufacturers and the retailers with bargaining power tend to impose vertical restraints on upstream manufacturers. examples of these restraints include slotting fee, listing fee, upfront payment among which the slotting allowance has become the fuse to induce the conflicts between the upstream and downstream
伴隨著社會經濟進入后工業時代和零售業的日益集中趨勢的發展，以連鎖方式經營的少數零售商具有的買方勢力越來越強，這些具有買方勢力的零售商開始反過來限制零售商，在這些零售商施加的縱向限制中，零售商向製造商和供貨商收取諸如進場費、上架費、銷售返利等通道費用成為了引發製造商和零售商爭端的最主要的限制方式。All kinds of social power which correlated with creative activity, such as government 、 higher education 、 civil organization 、 bank 、 broker company 、 investment company 、 social community and users which undertake the risk of technology innovation in the program of technology innovation and different stages of technology respectively ; vertical social transferred proportion mechanism is on the basis of time, according to the procedure of the social transference of the risk, it can transfer the decision risk, technology risk, manufacture risk and market risk of the technology innovation to the society gradually, and proportion the risk among the interrelated social power
橫向社會聯合分攤機制立足於空間的維度，各種涉及技術創新活動的社會力量，包括政府、高校、民間組織、銀行、中介機構、投資公司、社區組織、用戶等分別在技術創新項目和技術創新的不同環節上，承擔技術創新的風險;縱向社會轉移分攤機制立足於時間維度，按照風險的社會轉移程序將技術創新的決策風險、技術風險、生產風險和市場風險，逐漸向社會轉移，在相關社會力量中進行分攤。在技術創新社會行動中，形成許多技術創新風險社會分攤的方式。And this mechanism reflects the objective demand of the technology innovation as a social activity, it follows the principle of the balance between the risk and profit, the integration between the individual profit and social benefit, many facets of risk undertaking, independence of the risk undertaking, it can be divided into crosswise social cooperative proportion mechanism and vertical social transferred mechanism, crosswise social cooperative proportion mechanism is on the basis of space
不同技術創新主體規避風險行為的集合，形成了技術創新風險社會分攤機制。這種機制反映了技術創新作為一種社會活動的客觀要求，它遵循著風險與收益對稱性、個體收益與社會收益相統一性、風險承擔主體多元化、風險承擔主體相依性等原則，可分為橫向社會聯合分攤機制和縱向社會轉移機制。分享友人