缺水率 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [quēshuǐlǜ]
缺水率 英文
ratio of water deficiency
  • 缺 : Ⅰ動詞1 （缺乏; 短少） be short of; lack 2 （殘缺） be missing; be incomplete 3 （該到而未到） be ...
  • 水 : 名詞1 （由兩個氫原子和一個氧原子結合而成的液體） water 2 （河流） river 3 （指江、河、湖、海、洋...
  • 率 : 率名詞（比值） rate; ratio; proportion
  1. The product quality faces up to enormous domestic and international markets challenge and the peasants face up to the slow increasing of their incomes. the shortage of water resource is more serious for the planted system, climatic change and low utilization ratio. cultivated land resource is reducing rapidly for nature factors and urbanization process, etc. the analysis results indicate the resour ces utilization mode in the hhh plain is still high investment, high - energy consumption, and grievous pollution

    農產品生產在我國佔有絕對優勢，但其受結構調整的影響也發生了波動性變化，其產品質量面臨著國內外市場巨大的挑戰，農民收入也面臨著增長緩慢的挑戰；水資源受種植制度、氣候變化及利用率低等多種因素的脅迫作用，嚴重短缺；耕地資源近年來大量減少，受自然及城市化進程等因素的影響，稀缺程度加大。
  2. Government ' s monopoly of capital market also leaded to the " shell " value of listed company which is irrelative to the company ' s invest value, which made the higher general price in the market. in addition to, the structure of investors which is consisting of many individual investors and few institution investors lets it easy to manipulate the stock market for the institution investors. according to the origins of the systematic risk, it is necessary to improve the market mechanism and market efficiency to eliminate the system root of the risk to decrease the risks

    突出地表現在：資本市場服務于國企轉制，造成上市公司股權結構存在缺陷，致使公司治理失效，上市公司缺乏持續發展的能力，公司經營風險轉化為市場的系統性風險；政府對資本市場準入的行政性壟斷，形成上市公司「殼」價值，虛高股票市場價格，引發系統性風險；金融市場分割，特別是貨幣市場資金缺乏進入資本市場的正常渠道，利率市場化水平低，影響金融資產定價，導致違規融資盛行，加大了市場風險；而由於市場監管不到位，以散戶為主的投資主體結構，則易導致機構大戶利用內幕信息操縱股價，機構投資者的發展不僅沒有成為穩定市場的力量，反而成為操縱市場的主力，加劇了市場波動。
  3. With the rapid development of the security stock market especially the stock market in chian ， issuing stock and circulating on market became the first choice of financing for more and more enterprise at the same time ， more and more investors are attracted by the relately high initial return of stock however ， the problem of ipos underpricing always exists in the stock market according to the data of more than one thousand chinese stocks ， most new issues had great raise in the first trade day ， and investors could acquire higher initial return than the average return of the stock market or the same industry we find that initial returns on a - share ipos average reached 132. 24 percent the main body of this paper is made up of six sections ： in the first part ， we introduced the method of the estimate of pricing decision ； in the second part ， we analyzed the method of the pricing decision and issuing system in china ， discussed the advantage and weakness of the various issuing methods ， and compared the economic efficiency between the examine and approve system and authorization system ； in the third part ， we analyzed the reason of ipo ' s underpricing in detail from information economics and other factors and combined with the environment of the chinese stock markets ， we analyzed the special characteristics in china and how they effect the ipo ' s underpricing in the fourth part ， we analyzed the data of chinese stock market with spss ， made a analysis of the administrative pricing decision and market pricing decision ， studied the underpricing phenomena of chinese stock market ， and analyzed it ' s causes ； in the fifth part ， we made a analysis of the examine approve system and authorization system ； and in the last part ， we drew some conclusions and put forth some policy advices the follow are the conclusions and policy advices in this dissertation ： （ 1 ） from the results of this empirical study ， we found that the issuing price - earning ratio and the market situation before ipos are strongly and positively associated with the underpricing of shares ， the issuing scale of ipo and the hit rate are strongly and negatively associated with the underpricing ； （ 2 ） we found that after the abolishing of ipo ' s p / e ratio and the using of authorization system ， there is no significant difference among the underpricing of shares ， but considered with the market entironment ， we think that the ipo ' s underpricing has been correspondingly reduced （ 3 ） to reduce difference between the primary market and the second market ， we suggested that we shall bring the " over - allotment option ( oao ) " to bear and resume the state - owned share and corporate - owned share to circulate on market as soon possible

    本文的主體由六個部分組成：第一部分介紹新股發行定價的估值方法；第二部分對我國的發行定價方式和發行制度進行分析，探討不同發行定價方式的優缺點，以及審批制和核準制經濟效率分析；第三部分從信息經濟學角度和其他因素的角度詳細分析造成新股發行抑價的原因，並結合我國股票市場實際情況，分析了我國市場的特有因素是否及如何影響一級市場的發行抑價程度的；第四部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股行政化和市場化定價進行實證分析，主要包括新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的實施情況和效果分析、新股發行行政化定價方式的實證分析，以及新股發行行政化和市場化定價方式的比較實證分析；第五部分利用統計分析軟體spss對我國新股發行審批制和核準制進行實證分析；第六部分是本論文的主要結論。本文的主要結論和建議有： （ 1 ）從實證分析結果看，我國新股發行抑價與市場環境、發行市盈率呈顯著正向關系，與發行規模、申購中簽率等呈顯著反向關系。 （ 2 ）取消發行市盈率限制和實施核準制等市場化改革措施並沒有降低發行抑價的絕對水平，只是由於市場環境的因素，發行抑價的相對水平才有所降低。
  4. Been restricted on interest rate for long time, the domestic commercial banks are all weak in loan pricing, such as ( 1 ) the loan pricing not been involved in the decision mechanism of credit ; ( 2 ) lacking of risk price ration system ; ( 3 ) mismatching between the interest rate and the risk of the loan items

    由於長期的利率管制，我國商業銀行的貸款定價管理十分薄弱，主要體現為貸款定價未被納入信貸決策機制中；缺乏定量化的定價系統；利率浮動的幅度未能反映借款人的信用水平及貸款項目的風險程度。
  5. Based on the above studies. the different programs on how to use the rainwater resources efficiently is developed. which is decided by the water deficiency amount for agricultural production. a series of measures have been put forword. first, different geological regio should take different methods. second. the rainwater utilization through collection and storage projects or through reduction in evaportranspiration and increasion in infiltration should be combinated organically. third, the high efficiency of rainwater ' s utilization should be attained. therefore, water resources crisis can be alleivated efficiently and the agriculture sustainable development can be improved in baoding area

    通過對典型年實測資料的分析，較深入研究了不同作物對雨水資源的利用效率及其影響因素。本文提出了根據缺水量等級決定的雨水資源利用方案的技術思路，因地制宜的提出了平原區以覆蓋抑制蒸發利用和雨水富集疊加利用為主的雨水資源高效利用措施，保定山區以就地攔蓄入滲利用利雨水富集疊加利用為主的雨水資源高效利用措施。
  6. ( 1 ) the actual amount of water used to irrigate in the filtration irrigated area was reduced by 58. 15 % to 81. 63 % compared with the general irrigated area, and the ultilization ratio of the moisture content increases by 50. 5 % to 81. 7 %

    綜合考慮灌水量與產量的合理成本效益比和旱區的缺水問題，優先採用灌水量為133 . 33mm的滲灌。水分利用效率達到23 . 1kg mm ? hm ~ 2 ，實際灌水量比漫灌區下降了69 . 88 ，效果明顯。
  7. Experimental research on water use efficiency of winter storage irrigation in drought district

    乾旱缺水區冬季儲水灌溉水分利用效率試驗
  8. Secondly, it analyzed the characteristics of water resources in karst area, and pointed that under - pricing and unclear property are the reasons to cause inefficiency of water resources, after finishing the comparison study of the theories of resource pricing between the marxism and the modem economics

    水資源短缺、水資源污染和地下水超采是當前喀斯特地區水資源開發利用存在的主要問題。接著分析喀斯特地區水資源特性，指出水價過低、水資源產權不明是水資源管理缺乏效率的原因，在水資源定價的原則指導下提出了喀斯特地區水資源定價方法。
  9. In the fourth part, the field irrigated water requirement were gotten based on the recommended irrigation schedules and irrigated areas often crops. in this paper, the reference evapotranspition et0 in three counties in bid was computed by penman - monteith method and the crop coefficients, kc of ten crops by kcisa model and the crop water requirements, etc, were computed simply by kc et0. meanwhile, four representative years by frequency analysis are gotten according to net irrigation requirements and planted areas of different crops in bojili irrigation district

    本文首先採用fao最新推薦的penman - monteith方法計算灌區的參照騰發量et _ 0 ，用kcisa按照fao的計算方法推求十種作物的作物系數k _ c ；由此基礎上計算出作物需水量et _ c ，根據結果分析了不同作物的需水規律；同時用作物缺水量nir （凈灌溉需水量）進行頻率計算，求出了灌區的四個代表年，並分析了代表年年內自然水分狀況和作物缺水規律。
  10. Topic : " problems and policies in water resources management in china " the water - saving society concept is proposed to achieve sustainable development of water resources in china. it requires the setting up of a scientific water resources management system and a water - saving mechanism based on economic incentives, a compatible economic structure as well as improvement in water - saving technology

    為保障國家經濟社會可持續發展，解決嚴重的缺水並水資源利用效率不高的問題，汪恕誠部長提倡節水型社會，為此需建立三大體系：一以水權水市場理論為基礎的水資源管理制度體系，形成以經濟手段為主的節水機制二與區域水資源承載能力相協調的經濟結構體系三與水資源優化配置相適應的節水工程和技術體系。
  11. The land resources of karst region in chongqing is mainly rock mountain and slope land, with serious soil erosion, converse vagetation succession and low cover rate, lesser water retention and lacking water, where ecosystem is difficult to recover after vegetation being destructed, land coming forth landification and sandification heavy

    市境內石灰巖山地土地資源以石山坡地為主，土壤侵蝕嚴重，發生逆向演替，植被逆向演替，覆蓋率低，保水能力差，乾旱缺水。在石灰巖區，植被破壞后，土地大量石化、砂化，生態環境已很難逆轉。
  12. Several scenarios were formulated and analyzed in this study, the results show that, if irrigation - specific water use efficiency is not improved, water shortage in these basins will amount to 35 - 58 billion m3 in 2020, equivalent to the average annual amount of water resources in the haihe basin

    多方案分析表明，如果不提高灌溉用水效率，黃淮海三流域片將缺水350 - 580億立方米，相當于海河流域片多年平均水資源量。
  13. The model combines simulation method and optimization method to regional water supply and utility system, analyzing long series water supply and demand system with the object of the annual maximum water supply, counting water shortage capacity and its distributing probability, describing water shortage risk with risk character indexes. 4. when the water shortage risk is calculated, the input and output macro - economic model of water resource is employed to evaluate economic losses due to water shortage

    該模型綜合模擬方法和優化方法的優點，在對區域供用水系統進行模擬的同時，採用年最大供水量為目標函數對水資源系統進行長系列的供需分析，然後統計區域水資源系統的缺水量及其概率分佈，同時用水資源系統的風險性能指標對水資源短缺風險進行描述。
  14. The results showed that the application of the two new types of water - saving percussion tools can not only saved a lot of water during the course of drilling, but also improved drilling efficiency greatly, and had developing prospect in drought and water - scarce area

    結果表明，這兩種新型節水沖擊器的應用不僅能夠大量節約鉆探過程中的用水量，而且能夠大幅度提高鉆探效率，在乾旱缺水地區具有廣泛推廣應用前景。
  15. ( 2 ) because of t he variability of rock subjected to outside action, three new conceptions : postive damage basic damage and negative damage, are suggested, which can deal with the condition that rock density became large. ( 3 ) the present damage variables based on ct number mostly include ct average number of the rock without damage, which is difficult to measure, so a new damage variable, which includes the average ct number is proposed, on the other hand, strain equal theory is generalized because the one put foreword by lemaitre is not good enough to use. ( 4 ) a axial damage constitutive equation is proposed and testified. ( 5 ) with the circle times, the damage propagation laws of two different rocks, subjected to circle of freezing and thawing, are studied, and in the analysis process, traditional analysis method including average ct number and is used, some important conclusions are reached : inner damage of soft rock containing a large mount of apertures is largely propagating with the time increasement of circle, however, at the preliminary time, the hard rock containing a small mount of aperture is a little propagating, at late time, the influence become large ; ( 6 ) zone separation and statistics frequency put forward is used to analysized the three different damage propagation in the open circumstance, when they are subjected to the different circle times of freezing and thawing, in which the temperature variability is linear, different freezing rate, and different freezing temperature, and no water is supplied during the test

    在研究過程中本文主要做了以下工作： （ 1 ）針對巖石損傷變化較小時，運用ct均值和方差分析不方便的缺陷，本文提出運用對ct數范圍劃分區段的方法，根據各區段統計頻率的變化規律來分析損傷擴展狀況； （ 2 ）針對巖石受到外部作用的多變性，本文提出了基準損傷，正損傷，負損傷的概念，在某種程度上考慮了巖石受到外部作用時的壓密情況； （ 3 ）現有的基於ct數的損傷變量大多需要用到巖石基體的ct均值，這實際上是很難觀測到的，因此本文建議了一個可運用巖石初始狀態ct均值的損傷變量，由於現有的勒邁特教授應變等價原理使用上的不便，本文在其基礎上進行了推廣； （ 4 ）建議了一個可用巖石初始狀態ct數和彈性模量的單軸損傷本構方程，並用算例進行了驗證； （ 5 ）對兩種不同巖石在開放環境下受到凍融循環作用且融化過程中補水時，內部損傷隨凍融循環次數增加的擴展規律進行了探討，主要運用了常規的ct均值和ct方差的分析方法進行分析，試驗發現：對于孔隙率和含水率較高，密度和強度較低的軟弱巖石，凍融循環次數對損傷結構的擴展有明顯的影響，而對于孔隙率和含水率較低，密度和強度較高的硬巖，凍融循環次數對其損傷結構擴展初期由於含水率低的原因，影響不是太大，而後期由於水補給后，含水率較高的原因，凍融影響逐漸增大； （ 6 ）運用了本文提出的區段劃分和統計頻率的方法，深入地分析了開放環境下的線性溫度變化的凍融循環次數，凍結溫度，凍結速度不同巖石作用時，其內部損傷隨凍融循環次數，凍結速度和凍結溫度變化的擴展規律，需要指出的是除了在試驗前飽水外，凍融過程中沒有補水。
  16. Combining with case study, the application conditions of hydrologic meteorology forecast information and flood forecast information in dynamic control of the limit water level during flood seasons are also illustrated. ( 3 ) in order to relieve the contradiction between water discharge in flood seasons and water shortage after flood seasons, the manner of flood operation with fixed limited water level during fixed time should be adjusted

    （ 3 ）為改變水庫汛期棄水而汛后又缺水的矛盾局面，調整現行水庫固定時間固定汛限水位的調度方式，利用短期氣象預報和洪水預報信息，在不改變現有防洪標準的前提下研究防洪預報調度方式，實現防洪與興利效益的轉換，提高洪水資源的利用率。
  17. Spatial variability of regional water requirement and water deficient ratio

    區域需水量和缺水率的空間變異性
  18. But along with the population increase, economic development and natural condition change, the dry and water deficient situation becomes increasingly serious, the drought occurrence frequency, scope and impacting area expand successively, in the meanwhile, some structural and systematic obstacles existed in long - term drought fighting work have emerged and the drought fighting work faces unprecedented trial

    但是隨著我國人口增加，經濟發展和自然條件變化，我國乾旱缺水的形勢日益嚴峻，旱災發生的頻率、范圍和影響的領域不斷擴大，同時，長期抗旱工作中存在的一些體制、制度性障礙也顯露出來，抗旱工作面臨前所未有的考驗。
  19. It is very necessary to apply comprehensive geophysical prospecting methods in order to gain the most effective results in groundwater investigation

    如何針對西部缺水地區水文地質特點，合理選擇地球物理勘探綜合技術方法尋找地下水，提高地下水勘查效率，是水文地質工作面臨的十分重要問題。
  20. ( 5 ) analysis on calculation results of guanzhong west irrigation areas. compared water shortage decreasing and irrigation guarantee ratio increasing with three different projects such as single irrigation area operation, discount project and change water supply sequence, especially for yang _ maowan and bao _ jixia ii irrigation areas

    西部灌區採用三種方案進行對比分析，為單灌區調度、打折方案以及改變供水次序方案，並分別對比了三種方案中缺水量的減少和灌溉保證率的提高等，尤其針對缺水嚴重的羊毛灣灌區和寶雞峽塬下灌區進行重點分析。
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