置換效應 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhìhuànxiàoyīng]
置換效應 英文
substitution effect
  • 置 : 動詞1. （擱; 放） place; put; lay 2. （設立; 布置） set up; establish; arrange; fix up 3. （購置） buy; purchase
  • 換 : 動詞1. （給人東西同時從他那裡取得別的東西） exchange; barter; trade 2. （變換; 更換） change 3. （兌換） exchange; cash
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 應 : 應動詞1 （回答） answer; respond to; echo 2 （滿足要求） comply with; grant 3 （順應; 適應） suit...
  • 置換 : displace; substitute; supersede; substitution; replacement; permutation; transposition; transposi...
  • 效應 : [物理學] effect; action; influence
  1. The free - phosphine carbene ruthenium complex [ 1, 3 - bis ( 2, 6 - dimethylphenyl ) - 2 - tetrahydroimidazol [ ( c5h5n ) 2 ( cl ) 2ru = chph ( 8 ) was prepared by the reaction of [ 1, 3 - bis ( 2, 6 - dimethylphenyl ) - 2 - tetrahydroimidazol ] ( pph3 ) ( cl ) 2ru = chph ( 7 ) with pyridine and used as a highly effective catalyst for the cross metathesis of acrylonitrile with allylbenzene

    摘要設計了由1 ， 3 -二（ 2 ， 6 -二甲基苯基） 2 -四氫咪唑基苯亞甲基三苯基膦二氯合釕（ 7 ）和吡啶反應生成無膦型金屬釕卡賓化合物1 ， 3 -二（ 2 ， 6 -二甲苯基） 2 -四氫咪唑基苯亞甲基2 -吡啶基二氯合釕（ 8 ） ， 8作為高效催化劑用於丙烯腈和烯丙基苯的交叉交互置換反應。
  2. The mean follow - up length was 32 months, all patients had good heart function except one with minor right heart function failure

    結論：三尖瓣置換是合併心臟惡病質三尖瓣病變的有效治療方法，但應嚴格掌握手術適應征，術中應注意避免損傷傳導束。
  3. 19. adjustable cement plate generally, the cement plate on an automatic toe cementing lasting machine is usually fixed and stable. the structure of being adjustable quite fits the production for different shoes mixing on the same production line. without any tool, the plate can be easily and quickly adjusted to have an appropriate cementing position for different sizes of shoes, which will produce perfect cementing effect and will not have to change plate for making different sizes of shoes

    一般使用自動上膠之前幫機膠盤均為固定式，不可任意調整，本機膠盤大小可調整結構為適應大小號鞋子于生產線上，同時混合生產時，不需要運用工具而可簡單快速的調整膠盤的大小寬度以使膠著貼能隨大小號鞋子塗在適當位置，使黏著效果更為完美，而同一型體之鞋子也不必因量多而更換膠盤。
  4. To meet the demands for large space and flexible compartmentation of buildings, laminated vierendeel trusses are adopted in high - position transfer story structures. first the bearing characteristics are analyzed, in which reasonable stiffness ratio of the upper chord, middle chord, and lower chord is derived. then combined with an actual engineering model ( 1 8 similar ratio ), the static loading and pseudo - dynamic tests of two models for laminated vierendeel truss used in transfer story structures are conducted, in which one model adopts reinforced concrete, and the other adopts prestressed concrete and shape steel concrete. seismic behaviors are analyzed, including inter - story displacement, base shear - displacement skeleton curves, and equivalent viscosity - damping curves. a program is programmed to carry out the elasto - plastic dynamic analysis, and displacement time - history curves of the two models are derived. the test and analysis results show that the laminated vierendeel truss with prestressed concrete and shape steel concrete has excellent seismic behaviors. it can solve the disadvantages of laminated vierendeel trusses used in transfer story structures. finally, some design suggestions are put forward, which can be referenced by similar engineering

    為滿足建築物大空間和靈活隔斷要求，在高位轉換層結構中採用迭層空腹桁架結構.首先分析了其受力性能，得出了空腹桁架各構件合理的截面剛度以及布局形式.然後結合一實際工程，進行了兩榀迭層空腹桁架轉換結構模型（ 1 : 8相似比）的豎向荷載下靜力試驗以及擬動力試驗.其中一榀為普通混凝土迭層空腹桁架，另一榀配置了預應力和鋼骨混凝土，對比分析了兩模型的層間位移比、骨架曲線以及等效粘質阻力系數等抗震性能的比較，並進行了彈塑性動力分析.試驗和分析結果表明，配置預應力和型鋼混凝土的迭層空腹桁架轉換結構具有良好的抗震性能，可以成功地解決迭層空腹桁架作為轉換層結構所產生的弊端問題，最後對這類轉換層結構提出了相應的設計建議
  5. Due to the short distance among the planes which fly in a group, the conventional low resolution radar can not distinguish them in both distance and azimuth ? if we use the technology of isar to resolve the difference among doppler frequency of the targets and obtain a fine resolution cross - cross image, we may separate them, but a long time of coherent processing is needed <, for the formation targets, it can be approximately divided to rigid body and nonrigid body, so for the formation targets, that can be regarded as rigid which has a relative position and an identical movement, can be approximately considered as a large target, and be compensated by translational phase with the rule of minimum entropy, but for the most those cannot accord with the approximation of rigid, being the doppler - frequency of the aim is linear changed, by the relax method with short data, increases the resolving performance of multiple target to the aim in the frequency domain, since cross - range resolution is based on the accumulative time, so it is greatly improve the resolution to formation targets by the instant cross - range image which produced by radon - wigner transformation

    低分辨isan成像及干涉技術應用研究一因此直接無法分辨編隊目標的架數，我們借鑒isar的技術，通過較長時間的相干積累，在多普勒頻域上對目標進行分辨。而對于編隊目標，可分為近似剛性的多目標和非剛性的多目標，所以對于可以近似為剛體的編隊目標相對位置固定，運動方式一致，可以近似看作一個大目標，採用最小墑準則對平動相位的進行補償，但是大多數並不滿足剛體近似的編隊目標，由於目標在相干積累時間的多普勒頻率近似呈線性變化，通過對較短數據利用relax的時頻分析方法，提高了頻率域上目標分辨的性能。由於橫向解析度取塊于橫向積累時間，所以利用radnwigner變換得到瞬時的一維橫向距離像大大提高了對編隊目標的分辨，對模擬和實測數據的大量分析結果表明此方法的有效性和可行。
  6. Meanwhile, fundamental principles about electroless tin plating by reducing agent and disproportionation reaction were explained. function of every component in the bath was explained that complexing agent can effectively change the potential of copper and tin, and accelerate the beginning of replacement reaction favorably ; reducing agent can increase the rate of chemical reaction and has the effect of promoting reaction dynamics too ; antioxidant can effectively prevent sn2 + in the bath from being oxidated ; additive agent a can improve the stability of the bath ; additive agent b has such effects as refining and brightening for the tin deposits, and it enlarges the range of brightening section ; additive agent c used as leveling agent can not only make the depostis level off, but also improve the dispersive ability of the bath ; surface - active agent can solve bubble problem which gathered on the surface of the deposits, and improve the surface quality of the deposits and the bath stability

    闡述了鍍液中各組分的作用：絡合劑能有效地改變銅、錫的電位，促使初期的置換反應順利進行；還原劑能加快化學反應速度，對反應動力學有積極的促進作用；抗氧化劑能有效地防止鍍液中sn ~ （ 2 + ）的氧化；添加劑a能提高鍍液的穩定性，添加劑b對鍍層能有細化和光亮作用，擴大了鍍層光亮區的范圍；添加劑c作為平滑劑，不僅能增強鍍層表面的平整性，而且能提高鍍液的分散能力；表面活性劑較好地解決了化學鍍過程中汽泡在鍍件表面聚集的問題，提高了鍍層的表面質量和鍍液的穩定性。
  7. In the paper we mainly researched space gainp2 / gaas / ge high efficiency tandem cells " making process by home - made low pressure mocvd technology and new solar concentrators. firstly, we presented reseached and development of solar cells in china and foreign countries ; secondly, on the basis of fundamental priciples and theories, we discussed some factors of influcing conversion efficiency of solar cells, and analysed the i - v output feature of two - junction tandem cells ; then the design concept of gainp2 / gaas / ge two - junction tandem cells was discussed, the detailed aspects of gainp2 / gaas / ge tandem cells epitaxy growth by low pressure mocvd was studied, and some questions on epitaxy growth ( such as crystal qualities, interface stress, element interdiffusion, n - and p - type doping et all ) were solved ; after that, the cell fabrication process was described ; finally, we reseached the hot pressing and mould process technology of an arched line - focus fresnel lens made by pmma, designed and fixed new solar concentrators

    本文致力於用自製的低壓mocvd裝置進行cainp _ 2 / gaas / ge空間用高效級聯太陽能電池製作的工藝以及聚光太陽能電池組件的研究。首先，介紹了國內外太陽能電池的研究現狀及應用情況；其次，運用太陽能電池基本原理討論影響電池轉換效率的因素，分析了級聯電池的伏安特性；隨后，討論了cainp _ 2 / gaas / ge雙結級聯電池的結構設計理念，研究了採用低壓mocvd技術生長cainp _ 2 / gaas / ge級聯太陽電池材料的工藝過程，解決了異質材料生長的結晶質量、界面應力、材料互擴散以及材料n 、 p型摻雜等一系列問題；然後總結了級聯電池的后工藝製作；最後，研究了以pmma為材料的菲涅耳線聚焦透鏡的熱壓成型工藝及其模具的加工工藝，設計並安裝完成新型聚光太陽能電池組件。
  8. The effect of gastric lavage in early stage was especially obvious, 13 cases with convulsions got immediate relief after plasma exchange, the use of large dosage of tranquilizer resulted in better control on convulsion in 4 cases treated with ventilator than that in the others

    在毒鼠強中毒的病例中早期洗胃的效果較好， 13例出現驚厥的病例進行血漿置換治療后驚厥癥狀立即緩解， 4例應用機械通氣的病例鎮靜劑用量比其它病例大，驚厥癥狀控制得比其它病例更滿意。
  9. Thirdly, the relative theories of the limiter and rectifier are studied. in order to make the passive responder work stably under the conditions of large dynamic range of the receiving power and the high efficiency requirement, a two - stage limiter circuit and a voltage - doubler rectifier circuit with several diodes parallel are developed

    3 ，對應答器地面裝置中的能量轉換電路進行了研究，針對應答器地面裝置接收到的載波功率具有大動態范圍的特點以及系統能量轉換的高效率要求，設計了一種兩級級聯二極體限幅電路和多管並聯的倍壓整流電路。
  10. According to the definition and considering our country ' s special condition, the article points out that the key to realize the model of sustainable development is to build up a positive < wp = 8 > relationship between economy and population 、 resource and environment, so we take the model that remedy and develop at the same time when carrying out the strategy of sustainable development. according to this, in order to promote the sustainable development strategy, we should consummate our tax policies from four aspects as follow : firstly, set a just and effective tax system when distribute resources and regulate economy, by this way, we can promote the adjustment of industries, and improve the efficiency of resource arrangement ; secondly, set a relative tax system targets to promote the research of science and technology ; thirdly, design a series of tax policies targets to protect environment, and consummate our tax system in resource protecting ; lastly, consummate the related tax policies in improving citizen ' s comprehensive capability and social insurance

    鑒於此，我國的稅收政策也應從以下四個方面著手完善，以促進可持續發展：建立公平、有效的稅收分配和調控機制，促進產業結構調整，提高資源配置；建立以環境保護為目標的環境稅收政策，完善以資源保護為目標的資源稅收體系；完善稅收政策在促進人口素質提高及社會保障方面的措施。基於以上認識，本文進而對我國稅收政策在促進可持續發展戰略中的現狀作< wp = 6 >了分析，具體分析了我國稅收政策在促進科技進步，經濟結構調整，節約資源與保護環境等方面的作用與不足。我國現有的稅收政策在促進可持續發展戰略方面已發揮了巨大作用，對科技進步給予了越來越多的關注，對包括軟體行業在內的高新技術產業實施了各種稅收優惠措施；通過稅收政策有效調整了產業組織結構，促進了產業結構升級換代；通過各種稅費措施，對節約利用資源和保護環境都起到了積極的作用。
  11. The globoidal cam mechanism is a kind of high speed cam mechanism with bright future in application. it can be used as high speed intermittent indexing with great accuracy, or used as efficient large torque reducer. and now it has been applied comprehensively in many automotive machines, such as tobacco machines, packaging machines, automatic tool changers of cnc machines, and so on

    弧面凸輪機構既可用作精確的高速間歇分度機構，也可用作高效、大扭矩的減速裝置，目前已廣泛應用在煙草機械、包裝機械、加工中心換刀機械手等各種自動機械中，是一種很有發展前途和應用前景的高速凸輪機構。
  12. According to the above conception, the forms of asset reorganization include merge, business contract and asset trade - in. and the aim of asset reorganization should be orientated at optimum allocation of resource

    根據以上對資產重組涵義的界定，本文將資產重組分為企業並購、企業收縮和資產置換三種類型；並指出資產重組的理性定位應該是優化資源配置，謀求整體效益。
  13. The research results show that the counter - flow condensers have a better performance than that of other arrangements in single - circuit condensers, and that branch flow should be adopted in multi - rows condensers to decrease the pressure drop and increase the heat transfer capacity, and that the influence of gravity force can not be ignored, and that there must be an optimum refrigerant mass flow which can make the condenser perform best when the air velocity is constant while there must be an optimum air flow which can make the condenser perform best when the refrigerant mass flow is constant

    研究結果表明，單迴路冷凝器中，逆流布置換熱效果最好，叉流其次，順流最差；多排管冷凝器應盡可能採用分流方式，以減小壓降，增強換熱；布置冷凝器流程時，重力的影響不可忽略；當風量不變時，必然存在一最佳製冷劑流量使冷凝器性能達到最佳；當製冷劑流量保持不變時，也相應存在一個最佳風量使冷凝器性能最佳。
  14. Due to the unique, stable and live physiological properties of the iris and non - invasive to users, most stable and reliable for identification in practical applications of iris - based system, iris recognition is receiving extensive attention and becoming an active topic in biometrics. as an application - oriented research project, iris recognition integrates mathematic, computer science, optics, electronics and physiology etc. based on wavelet transform, aimed to improve the recognition performance, centered at wavelet - based iris feature representation and pattern classification, we review and explore the iris sequence image quality assessment, iris image pre - processing, iris recognition performance evaluation and several other linked topics. we mainly investigate on the principles and application methodology of wavelet transform for iris feature representation and iris pattern classification methods

    以小波變換技術為基礎，結合圖像處理和模式識別方法，設計並開發了虹膜圖像採集裝置，建立了虹膜識別演算法測試實驗平臺;重點研究了虹膜識別中的小波變換的應用基礎理論與關鍵實現技術;提出了基於小波局部模極大值的虹膜特徵表示及其多重匹配識別、基於小波多尺度信息的一維和二維虹膜紋理特徵量化表示、基於小波過零點技術的虹膜特徵表示及其規范化的部分hausdorff距離匹配識別，這三類方法能夠有效地提取虹膜特徵;基於自建的演算法測試平臺，對上述三類方法和其他三種國內外比較有影響的基於小波變換的虹膜識別方法進行了定量的性能比較和評價，通過實驗數據分析得到了有意義的結論;最後指出了小波變換技術在虹膜識別領域的研究重點與發展方向。
  15. Dynamic compaction has been widely and successfully used to treat soft ground since its creation by l. menard in 1968 and some of its innovated techniques such as dynamic replacement have been developed. at the same time, theoretical and experimental researches have been done gradually. although there are comparatively some researches on it, the design of dynamic compaction is highly empirical and qualitative because of the complicated parameter of the soil itself

    Menard提出強夯法以來，在軟弱地基加固中得到了廣泛而成功的應用，並在工程實踐中逐漸發展了諸如強夯轉置換等新的應用形式；與此同時，其強夯的理論與實驗研究逐步開展，但由於主體土體參數的復雜性，強夯加固軟土地基的設計計算仍處于高度經驗和定性的水平，加固質量及加固效果的檢測也尚需深入探討。
  16. It is not always good at increased the cement ratio ; sometimes it is even harmed to the strength of the pile. the strength of the pile must matches the strengths of the origin soft foundation. improved fixing methods of strain meter and how to calculate the deformation modulus, the load transfer behavior of cement - soil pile, the compound foundation bearing capacity, pile - soil stress ratio with the increasing of the load are analyzed and studied

    本文通過分析和試驗分析，提出樁間土天然地基承載力標準值的取值方法、樁間土承載力折減系數取值方法，這和實測結果很接近；並得出提高復合地基置換率是提高復合地基承載力有效途徑，並具體比較了單樁復合地基和三樁復合地基提高天然地基的承載力的數值，並驗證樁體強度應和天然軟基相匹配，指出盲目提高樁體強度是不可取的，有時甚至偏於不安全，這對于當前的建設是很有意義的。
  17. Nuclear magnetic resonance ( nmr ) data are used to study back - exchange at specific sites in typical solvents used for separation and analysis, and the derived rates are found to be predictable using methods established for aqueous solvents

    根據核磁共振（ nmr ）數據研究了在分離和分析所用典型溶液的特定位置上的返交換效應，並發現可以使用為水相溶劑建立的方法對衍生化率進行預測。
  18. It is based on umc 0. 6 m bcd process. a built - in power mosfet with low on - resistance and a lossless current sensing circuit on chip provide fast and precise current mode control. furthermore, the whole losses decrease and high efficiency up to 90 % can be obtained

    它採用umc0 . 6 mbcd工藝製程，利用內置的低導通電阻功率mosfet和內置的無損耗電流感應電路實現了快速精確的電流模式控制，同時也降低了功耗，提高了轉換效率，典型的效率可達90 % 。
  19. This article mainly studies on the form and content of education on health for patients who received the replacement operation of artificial thigh bone, emphasizes on the issue that nursing personnel should afford them education on health systematically and effectively

    摘要著重探討了對人工股骨頭置換的患者進行健康教育的形式和內容，強調護士應對患者進行系統、有效的健康教育。
  20. Objective : the present study is to evaluate the clinical effect of using dr - based surgical planning software ( computer template ) in planning total hip replacement

    目的:檢驗自主開發的基於數字x線股骨假體置換軟體的臨床應用效果。
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