群內選擇 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [qúnnèixuǎnzhái]
群內選擇 英文
intragroup selection
  • 群 : Ⅰ名詞（聚在一起的人或物） crowd; group Ⅱ量詞（用於成群的人或物） group; herd; flock
  • 內 : 名詞1. （內部; 里頭; 里邊） inner; inside; within 2. （妻子或妻子的親屬） one's wife or her relatives 3. （姓氏） a surname
  • 選 : Ⅰ動詞1. （挑選） select; choose; pick 2. （選舉） elect Ⅱ名詞（挑選出來編在一起的作品） selections; anthology
  • 擇 : 擇動詞（挑選） select; pick; choose
  • 選擇 : select; choose; opt; election; choice; culling; alternative
  1. They are jinfo mountain in nanchuan county ( natural protection section ), wuling mountain in qianjiang county ( national emphases forest demonstration county which forest cover rate is beyond 50 % ) and zhongliang mountain in beibei county ( artificial destruction is very grave ). some main land use patterns i. e. woodland, garden, infield, abandon infield, shrub and grassplot are selected in those three sample sites. four aspects on soil fertility index of karst environment under different land use patterns in these three sample sites, are revealed in this paper, by using the field test, indoor measure and analysis, outdoor experiment and field investigation, and the knowledge and technique of soil, ecology, physics and chemistry etc. they are physical characteristic ( effective soil thickness, organic layer thickness, soil texture, water - stable aggregate and soil water etc. ), chemical fertility ( organism, omni - n, omni - p, omni - k, alkali - nitrogen, available p, available k and rapid available k etc. ), soil animalcule ( bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and their grosses ) and soil - seed - pool ( plant community diversity index ) in karst ecosystem

    本研究以重慶市的南川金佛山（自然保護區） 、黔江武陵山（國家重點退耕還林示範縣，森林覆蓋率50以上）和北碚中梁山（遭人為破壞嚴重）典型巖溶區為對象，選擇了幾種重要的利用方式，包括林地、果園、耕地、棄耕地和灌草坡，採用野外巖溶生態調查和室內試驗測量分析相結合的方法，以不同土地利用方式巖溶土壤肥力為重點，對不同土地利用方式土壤肥力特徵進行量化分析，找出巖溶土壤肥力差異的主要方面及其根本原因，論文主要從土壤剖面物理退化指標（有效土層厚度、有機質層厚度、質地、團聚體、水分含量等） ，化學肥力退化指標（有機質、全n 、全p 、全k 、堿解n 、速效p和速效k等） ，樣地土壤微生物指標（細菌、真菌、放線菌數量及總量）以及樣地土壤種子庫植物群落多樣性等4個方面對重慶典型巖溶區的土壤肥力特徵進行了較為詳細的分析研究，為巖溶地區士壤資源的合理利用及結構的調控管理提供依據。
  2. Gene flow the movement of alleles within and between populations of the same species through interbreeding

    基因流動：同一種群內由於雜交或種內選擇使某一等位基因在該種群內擴散。
  3. This paper concerns studies on rhizobia in symbiosis with important legume soybean and peanut crops in china, following : 1 ) summarized bio - diversity of rhizobia, including indigeneous population, isolation frequency, strain type, distribution, and strain - host promiscuity and compatibility from large and small samples. 2 ) reviewed symbiont improvement in both sides of rhizobia and hosts, involving selection of effective rhizobial strains, evoluation and utilization of the host germplasm for symbiotic properties, and selection of the both sides for special characters. 3 ) discussed the subject on the rich symbiont germplasm resource in china and on further research being necessary to exploitation and utilization of the benificial germplasm

    針對我國主要豆科作物大豆和花生的研究成果，並結合本身研究工作內容， （ 1 ）總結了與宿主共生的根瘤菌生物學多樣性，包括大、小樣本的土著根瘤菌群體數量、分離頻率、類型與分佈及其菌株宿主共生混交性與親和性； （ 2 ）評述了根瘤菌宿主植物共生體雙邊固氮改良，包括優良菌株的選育、宿主品種資源共生特性的評價與利用及特異性狀的選擇； （ 3 ）討論了我國這一類共生體資源的豐富性以及有必要進一步加大力度研究有益資源的開發和利用的問題。
  4. Abstract : this paper concerns studies on rhizobia in symbiosis with important legume soybean and peanut crops in china, following : 1 ) summarized bio - diversity of rhizobia, including indigeneous population, isolation frequency, strain type, distribution, and strain - host promiscuity and compatibility from large and small samples. 2 ) reviewed symbiont improvement in both sides of rhizobia and hosts, involving selection of effective rhizobial strains, evoluation and utilization of the host germplasm for symbiotic properties, and selection of the both sides for special characters. 3 ) discussed the subject on the rich symbiont germplasm resource in china and on further research being necessary to exploitation and utilization of the benificial germplasm

    文摘:針對我國主要豆科作物大豆和花生的研究成果，並結合本身研究工作內容， （ 1 ）總結了與宿主共生的根瘤菌生物學多樣性，包括大、小樣本的土著根瘤菌群體數量、分離頻率、類型與分佈及其菌株宿主共生混交性與親和性； （ 2 ）評述了根瘤菌宿主植物共生體雙邊固氮改良，包括優良菌株的選育、宿主品種資源共生特性的評價與利用及特異性狀的選擇； （ 3 ）討論了我國這一類共生體資源的豐富性以及有必要進一步加大力度研究有益資源的開發和利用的問題。
  5. According to the environment features inside and outside caves in guizhou and current development of cave creature study home and abroad, making use of karstology, environment science, ecology, zoology and the theory of human - land relation, and through combining microscale with macroscale, component with system, field investigation with interview, and theory with experiment, the author chooses guiyang, anshun, pingba and honglin, where human activities are frequent and strong, to make a macroscopical investigation on animals and environment, and selects some typical caves in honglin to make a comparison study on environment features inside and outside the caves, biodiversity and present situation of plant society, and adaptability of cave animals to environment, and analyzes theoretically the effects of human activities on the cave animals and evaluates objectively the development potential of cave animal resource

    根據貴州喀斯特洞內外環境和國內外洞穴動物研究現狀，運用喀斯特學、環境學、生態學、動物學以及人地關系等相關理論，採取點面結合，特殊與一般結合，系統與要素結合，實查與訪問結合，理論與實驗結合的方法，選擇貴陽、安順、平壩、紅林等人類活動強度大的區域進行面上動物和環境的調查，選擇紅林地區代表性的洞穴對洞內外環境、物種多樣性及群落現狀、動物對環境的適應等進行對比研究，理論分析人類活動對洞穴動物的影響和客觀評判人類活動的洞穴動物效應與動物開發潛力。
  6. Meanwhile, the study also shows that the diversity of studied cave animals is inversely proportional to human population density and water quality ; and bio - diversity, to some extent, is proportional to soil fertility and amount of chemical fertilizer, but inversely when excessive ; the correlativity between bio - diversity and vegetation cover rate is not obvious, when ground vegetation is strongly interfered by human being ; the amount of diestrammena marmorata is proportional to the d iversity of plant, and inversely proportional to soil fertility, and in a way, to water quality ; and the correlativity between community and water quality and soil fertility, and between water quality and the amount of mosquito and fly, is not as good as expected. the author points out that diestrammena marmorata, bat, mosquito, fly, oreolalaxrhohostig metus ( or cudata ), and fish can be chosen as in

    同時，研究還表明：調查洞穴的物種多樣性與人口密度、水質成負相關；在一定范圍內，物種多樣性與化肥施用量、土壤肥力成正相關，超過一定的值則成負相關;在人類對地表植被的高強度作用下，物種多樣性與植被覆蓋率的相關性不明顯;蚊蠅數量與土壤肥力基本上呈正相關;斑灶馬數量與植物種數呈正相關，斑灶馬數量與在一定水質范圍內與水質呈負相關，與土壤肥力呈負相關;群落數與水質和土壤肥力、蚊蠅數量與水質都不能表現較好的相關性;研究認為，可以選擇斑灶馬、蝙蝠、蚊蠅、紅點囊蟾（或有尾類） 、魚類等作為指示動物對洞穴環境進行監測。
  7. The thesis establishes a theory system of contemporary furniture display of exhibitions through systematic analysis and many thinking modes : i. based on the connotation of furniture display and the backgrounds of the development of the exhibitions, the thesis clarifies the connotation and extensive meaning of contemporary furniture display of exhibitions : it is professional display activity which takes the furniture as the carrier and the efficient information transmit and trade as the basic purpose ; it is a systematic, multidimensional space design which is completed in special place, by special group of people ; it is a perfect unite by function, technique, art, culture, which embodies the inevitable alternative from simplicity and practicality to the humanism ; it is an effective distribution method that boosts the development of furniture firms and exhibition activities

    本文綜合運用了系統分析法和各種設計思維方法，確立了傢具展覽會展示設計的理論體系：一、本文首先從傢具展示設計的內涵與展覽會發展的背景入手，明確指出當代傢具展覽會展示設計的內涵與外延：是以傢具為信息載體，以高時效的信息傳遞和交易為根本宗旨的專業性的展示設計活動；是在特定空間內完成的、由特定人群參與的、系統的、多維的空間設計；是功能、技術工藝、藝術形象、文化內涵的完美結合，體現的是人類設計由簡單實用到實用之外蘊含有各種因素的人性化趨勢的必然選擇；是一種行之有效的傢具營銷方式和推動展覽業與傢具產業發展的有效途徑。
  8. In the genetic process of reproduction, crossover and mutation of the chromosomes in this method, these operators pr, pc and pm are produced randomly within some space, the scale of population and all kinds of genetic probability are also adjusted randomly so that the diversity individuals of population is ensured. the ga of dynamic population scale passes more information of paternal chromosomes to the offspring, which is beneficial to search the global optimization or quasi - global optimization

    該方法在染色體進行繁殖、交叉、突變的遺傳過程中，在某一范圍內隨機選取p _ r ， p _ c ， p _ m ，動態調整種群規模，保證了種群個體的多樣性；選擇同父本分別進行三種遺傳過程使得父本染色體中有更多的信息傳遞給子代，這有利於搜索全域最優解或準最優解。
  9. We choose the forest appearance tidiness, representative stands serving as standard plots, 40 stands were set up at qinling, hanzhong, huanghong in shaanxi respectively, measure every tree in the stands, measure the actual increase by the dominance tree, the time series model of individual age and diameter of quercus variabilis was established according to the actual diameter of quercus variabilis population by the fluctuant time series, the comparison of simulation and reality value of the every stand of quercus variabilis population diameter increase through the four models, the average simulation difference within 1. 5 %, the accuracy is 97. 8 % the simulation effect is better

    在陜西的秦嶺、漢中、黃龍地區選擇林相整齊、有代表性的地段作為標準地，設置樣方40個，對各樣方內的林木進行每木檢尺，通過優勢木解析的方法，測得栓皮櫟種群胸徑的實際生長量，運用起伏型時間序列分析，建立了栓皮櫟種群個體年齡與胸徑生長的時間序列模型，四個模型所得的各個樣地栓皮櫟胸徑生長的模擬值與實際值進行比較，其模擬平均誤差都在1 . 5 %以內，平均精度達到97 . 8 % ，模擬效果較好。
  10. On the basis of full investigation and the analysis of policy and economic development background, the author studies the desires of rural residents, creatively elaborates the function of the ethnic traditions in the rural social security. then the author suggests that model selection should be divided into long - term and short - term targets. the long - term target is to establish an integral security system to cover both the urban and rural areas

    通過對分析政策及經濟發展背景進行分析，在充分調查的基礎上，進行群眾意願分析，比較有新意的是對民族傳統在農村社會保障中的作用進行了分析闡述，提出在模式選擇上應分為遠期目標與近期目標，遠期目標是建立城鄉一體化的保障體系:近期內，在堅持土地保障和家庭保障為主的前提下，結合民族地區經濟、社會和文化發展的實際，選擇有別于城鎮保障體系的模式。
  11. This study dealt with the identification and evaluation of 8 maize populations from tropical and subtropical regions under the ecological conditions in zhengzhou, henan. results showed that the significant delaying days to shed and days to silk, discoordinating for the development of male and female, higher plant and ear height, more leaf numbers, high barreness, worse performance of ear traits compared with the ck ( temperate population ) were found, which showed the tropical and subtropical populations could not be utilized directly under the ecological conditions in zhengzhou. by using selection and improvement the tropical and subtropical populations can be used to broaden the genetic base of temperate maize breeding, beause of the greater genetic variation and higher selection potential within each population. the different performances of the sensitivity to photoperiod were observed among different tropical and subtropical populations and different traits. the asi, time to silk, ear height, leaf numbers, grain yield per ear could be used as the good evaluation traits for identifying the sensitivity to photoperiod

    對8個熱帶、亞熱帶玉米群體在鄭州生態條件下的表現進行鑒定和評價，結果表明，熱帶、亞熱帶群體散粉、吐絲期顯著延遲，雌雄不協調，植株和穗位高、葉片數增多、空稈率高，結實性差，果穗性狀均明顯劣於溫帶對照，在鄭州生態條件下不能直接利用，但是群體內具有較大的遺傳變異和選擇潛力，可以用來拓寬現有玉米種質的遺傳基礎；不同熱帶、亞熱帶群體的光周期敏感性不同；不同性狀對光周期反應的敏感程度不同， asi 、吐絲期、穗位高、葉片數、穗粒重可作為鑒定光周期敏感性的較好指標
  12. Thirdly, the author dissects current characters of the industrial development and industry structure, then makes an estimate. at last the author ascertains preponderance of industry development in this region. part iii the paper focuses on how to integrate the industries in the nuclear region of jilin province and puts forward some constructive ideas, such as : choosing nuclear industries, reorganizing corporations, regional economic union, establishing industrial clusters, industrial transfer and so on

    第三部分，在上述分析的基礎上，明確吉林省產業整合的必要性，並指明整合的方向，包括: 1 .核心地帶內部各城市核心產業的選擇; 2 .要實現企業重組; 3 .區域內橫向經濟聯合; 4 .建立產業集群; 5 .對于核心地帶內發展不經濟的產業實現東、中、西移動。
  13. The search space is divided into many small areas, and each area is given a certain pheromone value. according to the state transition rules, the artificial ants move to the next solution which is generated randomly or calculated by particle swarm optimization. local search strategy is also added into psaco so that the search speed and precision is enhanced

    該演算法首先將連續對象定義域平均分成許多邊緣相互重疊的小區域，區域的稠密程度決定了演算法解的精度，每個區域賦予一定的信息素值;螞蟻根據狀態轉移規則在隨機生成的可行解與利用微粒群演算法得出的可行解之間選擇下一步要去的位置;引入局部尋優策略，加強近似最優解鄰域內的局部搜索，提高搜索速度和精度。
  14. The thesis delimits the meaning, dimension and indexes of the students stratification in class, and builds preliminarily a theory framework which is on the basis of social position of class students and regards possession condition of the achievement resource of school work, organizational resource in class and peer group as the dimensions and serves the achievement of school work, organization role and the choice - refusal of peer as the objective indexes

    本文確定了班級學生社會分層的內涵、維度及指標，初步構建劃分班級學生層級的理論框架，即以班級學生社會地位為基礎，以學業成就資源、班級組織資源、同伴群體資源的佔有狀況為維度，以學業成績、組織角色、同伴選擇-拒絕情況為客觀指標。
  15. I studied the factors that influence avian community organization in zuojia narural protective reserve and dagang forestry center in jilin province during the period between april to july, 200land 2002 ( and combine part data that collected in the same area since 1996 ). the contents include : the relationship between habitat and avian community ; the resource utilizatin among avian community ; the role of community organiger in avian community ; the influnence of habitat fragmentation onavian community organization

    本人於2001年和2002年4 7月，在吉林省左家自然保護區和鎮賚縣大綱林場（結合本人1996年以來在左家地區的部分調查資料）對鳥類群落結構形成的因素進行了分析研究，研究內容包括：生境選擇與鳥類群落形成的關系；鳥類群落中的資源利用；群落組織者在群落中的作用；棲息地破碎化與鳥類群落結構的形成。
  16. The thesis contents is a " xiangrui garden " real estate item market planning, and the planning from the market investigate, form the analysis ( land value analysis, competition environment analysis, ) set out, and the strategy of basic strategy, market strategy and target of the market, here the foundation top proceeds to subdivide to target market, evaluation, choice, clear and definite target market for aiming of item, from characteristic in target market we can fix position ( target customer ' s cluster ), product in item market fixed position ( function fixed position, file time fixed position, building style fixed position, total price scope ), enter but clear and definite product, price, advertise, sale etc. market strategy

    論文內容為「祥瑞花園」房地產項目營銷策劃，策劃從市場調研、形式分析（土地價值分析、競爭環境分析）出發，確定項目基本戰略、營銷戰略和營銷目標，在此基礎上對目標市場進行細分、評價、選擇，明確了項目所針對的目標市場，由目標市場特徵得出項目市場定位（目標客戶群） 、產品定位（功能定位、檔次定位、建築風格定位、面積配比、格局配比、總價范圍） ，進而明確產品、價格、廣告、銷售等營銷策略。
  17. But both researchers and practitioners have long neglected to realize that not only do potential entrants to an industry select it from among other strategic choices, but also those same firms, which have been successful in other industries, move between strategic groups in accordance with changes in the environment in consideration of this, and following caves and porter ' s argument, the author generalized and expanded the concept of entry barriers to include the move between different strategic groups

    企業的進入退出問題一直是產業組織理論研究的中心內容，但是，長期以來，無論是研究人員還是實業界人士都忽略了一點，那就是：企業進入某一產業的關鍵是對產業內不同策略群組的選擇問題，而且，已經成功進入的企業還會隨著外部環境的變化而在不同策略群組間進行流動。鑒於此，作者沿用凱夫斯和波特的觀點，將進入壁壘的既念進行一般化處理，把進入范圍擴大到包括不同策略群組間的流動。
  18. The internal environment of the group is evaluated by using internal factor evaluation matrix, it is considered that the group has many advantages such as powerful design ability, abundant land reserves, economics of scale etc. and many disadvantages such as limited capital, lack of professional, infirm cost control ability etc. in the thesis, the orientation of scale, grade and area, target market and target client for real estate business of the group is determined on the basis of internal and external environment analyses. swot analyzing model is constructed and quantitative strategic planning matrix is used to analyze and choose the competition strategy which modern group co. may adopted. finally, the competition strategy combination of taking differential strategy as main strategy and target concentrated strategy as auxiliary strategy is determined for real estate business of the group

    再次，分析了當代集團在房地產領域發展具備的基本條件，運用內部要素評價（ ife ）矩陣對當代集團的內部環境進行綜合評價，認為當代集團擁有設計能力強、土地儲備豐富、實現了規模經濟等優勢，同時也存在資金實力有限、專業人才不足、成本控制能力不強等劣勢，論文在內外部環境分析的基礎上，對當代集團的房地產業務規模、檔次與區域，目標市場及目標客戶群進行了定位分析，構建了當代集團房地產業務的swot分析模型，運用定量規劃評價矩陣（ qspm ）對當代集團房地產競爭戰略進行了選擇分析，確定以差異化戰略為主、重點集中戰略為輔的競爭戰略組合。
  19. Document materials up until now show, no matter abroad or domestic, the research that is about enterprise clusters centralized in the fields of macro - economy and industry economy. the dissertation takes the lead in analyses and studying the enterprise clusters systematically from the micro field, point out that the intergrowth contributes to reduce marketing cost of the enterprise and inside management control cost, thus improved the whole competitive power of enterprise clusters. the dissertation has proposed the mode that enterprise has emerged under the intergrowth relation, the choice mechanism to the intergrowth target of enterprise, the regulation mechanism to the enterprise clusters evolution

    在企業集群的理論研究中，從現有的文獻資料看，不論是國外還是國內，都是在宏觀經濟領域和中觀產業領域層面對企業集群進行研究，論文運用共生理論，率先從微觀領域系統地分析和研究企業集群，指出集群企業的共生有助於降低集群企業的市場交易成本和內部管理控製成本，從而提高了集群的整體競爭能力；論文提出了共生關系下的集群企業衍生模式、集群企業對共生對象的選擇機制、集群發展過程的調節機制。
  20. This thesis contrasts and analyses the different calculation - method, and improves the genetic algorithm in the parameter inversion of the rock and soil engineering. the strategies are mainly in the following three aspects : 1, new searching way is compositely searching genetic algorithm which is made up of the acceleration method and genetic algorithm when it partially calculates in the later time ; 2, index function is inducted in gengetic operators, at the same time repeated select and double exchange pool are used ; 3, splicing crossover, which reserves some new evolution factions, improves authority function accaunting the capabilities and kinds

    本文對優化演算法中不同求解方法進行對比分析，針對遺傳演算法在巖土工程參數反演運算中進行了改進，改進的策略主要集中於三個方面： 1 、提出了在遺傳演算法中融入形加速法的改進方法? ?復合遺傳搜索法； 2 、針對遺傳運算元的選擇策略，引入指數適值方法，設置雙交換池，提出了重復篩選法； 3 、加強對劣勢種群的內部優良信息的遺傳功能的改進，引入權函數，擴大可交叉運算元的種類，保留各運算元的進化功能，提出了融合交叉運演算法。
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