聚變晶 的英文怎麼說

High accuracy kdp crystal optics is now considered as one of optics that is the most difficult to be processed for its series of disadvantageous characteristics to optics processing such as anisotropy, soft nature, easy to deliquesce, high brittleness, sensitive to temperature change, easy to crack and so on. therefore the long machining period, low percent of pass and astaticism quality has become the bottleneck of icf technology, and the surface quality control of kdp crystal processing has become the key problem to be solved in the research of icf in our country

Kdp晶體零件是目前公認的最難加工的光學零件之一，因為kdp晶體具有各向異性、質軟、易潮解、脆性高、對溫度變化敏感和易開裂等不利於光學加工的特點，所以加工周期長、合格率低、質量不穩定成為慣性約束聚變技術的瓶頸， kdp晶體超精密加工表面質量控制問題已經成為我國慣性約束聚變研究中亟待解決的關鍵問題。

Studies on the liquid crystalline characters and phase transition behaviors of a poly ester imide copolymer

聚酯酰亞胺共聚物的液晶特性和相轉變研究

Such crystals are thus efficient condensation nuclei and so promote precipitation from a cloud.

這種晶體是有效的凝聚核，從而促使雲變雨降落。

In the past few years, scientists have determined that this transparency ? critical for focusing light ? stems in large part from the unique ability of the lens to activate a self - destruct program in its cells that aborts just before completion, leaving empty but sustainable cells that transmit visible rays

過去幾年，專家已確知聚光所必需的透明度，大部份源於水晶體細胞的獨特能力，它們可在發育即將完成時啟動自我摧毀程式，變成中空但能續存的細胞，好讓可見光通過。

In this paper, the course of isothermal crystallization kinetics of polymer in limited volume unit is simulated by use of the method of monte carlo. four factors influenting on the course of polymer in the limited volume unite isothermal crystallization are analyzed under the given conditions. the four factors are sample volume shrinkage, the change of the linear growth rate of entities g, the change of sample thickness and the change of the number of nuclei

本文採用montecarlo方法研究了高聚物在有限體積元中的等溫結晶動力學過程，分析了在一定條件下，樣品體積收縮、晶體線生長速率變化、樣品厚度變化和晶核數目變化這四種因素對高聚物在有限體積元中的等溫結晶過程的影響。

The crystalline structure changes of pp induced by pan - milling were characterized by x - ray diffraction and raman spectroscopy. xrd analyses show that when pp was co - milled with uhmwpe, crystal transformation of pp occurred, its crystallinity and crystallite size decreased, whereas, only slight reduction of crystallinity and crystallite size were observed and no crystal transformation was found when pp was co - milled with wtr chips, and amorphization of pp was strongly enhanced by co - milling pp with iron

採用x -射線衍射研究了聚丙烯碾磨粉碎過程微觀結構變化， uhmwpe存在下pp發生晶型轉變、結晶度降低和晶粒尺寸減小；彈性材料wtr抑制pp塑性變形，碾磨導致分子堆積有序區域膨脹，晶面間距增大，結晶度下降；剛性材料金屬鐵與pp產生強烈摩擦，加快晶粒細化，晶格破裂導致非晶化。

2801 and lbg was used as polymer matrix because of their different hfp ratio, dbp was used as plasticizer. the films were made by bellcore method. structure, crystallinity, liquid uptake and conductivity of the films with different ratio of pvdf dbp sio2 was determined

本文用hfp含量不同的2801和lbg為基體， dbp為增塑劑，採用bellcore方法制膜，得到了聚合物電解質的結構、結晶度、吸液量和電導率隨sio _ 2 、增塑劑含量、聚合物結晶度的變化規律，並對納米無機粒子改性聚合物電解質的機理進行了一些探討。

At high humidity, large broken leaf - like islands were observed. with a decrease in humidity, the size of the islands became smaller. furthermore, microcrystalline j - aggregates were observed under dried condition

在高濕度時， j -聚集體呈大的破損葉片狀；隨著濕度的減少，破損葉片狀的面積不斷變小；而且在乾燥條件下形成微結晶j -聚集體。

The crystallization and melting behavior of mellocene - catalized branched and linear polyethylenes of low molecular weight was studied. it was found that the crystalline lattice of branched polyethylene is larger than that of linear polyethylene because of the existence of branched chains. the melting behavior of branched polyethylene is similar to that of linear polyethylene since the branched chains can not enter the lattice. however, the crystalline behavior of low molecular weight branched polyethylene is the same as that of high molecular weight linear polyethylene, but different with that of low molecular weigh linear polyethylene. kinetics theory analysis evidenced that the transition temperature of growth regime of the branched polyethylene is about 20 lower than that of linear polyethylene with the same molecular weight. it may be attributed to the existence of short branched chains

研究了金屬茂催化的低分子量支化聚乙烯和線性聚乙烯的結晶及熔融行為，發現支化聚乙烯的結構與線性聚乙烯相同為正交結構，但晶格略有膨脹.支鏈的存在對熔融行為影響不大，兩種聚乙烯的熔點均隨結晶溫度的升高而非線性增加，表現出低分子量樣品的共同特徵.但支鏈的存在對結晶行為卻有很大的影響，主要是由於支鏈的存在降低了晶體的結晶速率從而影響結晶過程，使得低分子量的支化聚乙烯的結晶行為與高分子量線性聚乙烯的結晶行為相似而與低分子量的線性聚乙烯不同.動力學分析表明，低分子量的支化聚乙烯的結晶生長方式的轉變溫度比同等分子量的線性聚乙烯降低了約20

The degrees of crystallinity of pure ptfe under the different conditions of water cooling, air cooling and furnace - varying cooling were made comparison by xrd. the thermal stability of pure ptfe and solid lubricant was analyzed by dsc - tg ; the composition and valence state of elements in the surface of carbon fiber, solid lubricant before and after friction test and lubricant transfer film were characterized by xps ; the frictional property of solid lubricant was tested by pin and disk test rig. the frictional wear property of solid lubricant between embedded bearing sleeve and steel axle friction pair ring was tested by special simulate test machine, the hardness of solid lubricant was tested by pm ; the compression strength of solid lubricant was tested by material test machine

用sem表徵原料微觀結構、摩擦表面及潤滑轉移膜表面形貌：用xrd進行原料物相分析，及比較水冷卻、空氣冷卻、隨爐冷卻三種工藝條件下的純聚四氟乙烯樹脂的結晶度；用dsc - tg分析純聚四氟乙烯樹脂及固體潤滑劑的熱穩定性；用xps表徵碳纖維表面、固體潤滑劑摩擦前後表面、潤滑轉移膜表面的元素組成、價態變化；用銷盤式摩擦磨損試驗機對固體潤滑劑進行摩擦性能測試；採用專用的臺架模擬試驗機對固體潤滑劑鑲嵌軸承套與鋼軸摩擦副間的摩擦磨損性能進行測定；用萊次偏光顯微鏡（ pm ）測試固體潤滑劑的硬度；用材料試驗機測試固體潤滑劑的抗壓強度等。

According to the guidline, two nd : yag lasers have been designed and set up, one is end - pumped by lower output power ld using a selfoc micro lens, and the other is end - pumped by high output power ld using a pair of lenses are designed, and the characteristics such as output power and power stabilization of both solid - state lasers are investigated. thirdly, when an empty liquid crystal cell is inserted in the cavity of the nd : yag laser pumped by high power ld, the laser can operates in single axial mode. finally, according to the relationship between the laser output power and the longnitudinal a ld - end - pumped nd : yag laser sensor for displacement measurement has been investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimently, the results indicate that when the mean radius of pumping inside the laser cavity is far less than that of the oscilating laser mode, the exponential of the output power is a gauss function of the longitudinal positon of focused spot of ld pumping beam, both the measurement range and the sensitivity are dependent on the incident pumping power, as the incident pumping power is increased, the measurement range is enlarged and the sensitivity is improve d

本文首先介紹了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的發展狀況、主要特性及其應用，從四能級速率方程出發，推導了ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器的閾值、輸出功率和斜效率的表達式，並簡述了激光器的工作原理、結構型式和倍頻方法；其次，以空間相關的速率方程為基礎，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光器的設計方法，給出了一定泵浦耦合方式下，振蕩光模尺寸、最佳輸出耦合率、泵浦光模尺寸、泵浦光焦斑位置等參數的選取依據，以此為依據，設計了自聚焦透鏡耦合小功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器和透鏡組耦合高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光器，對激光器的輸出功率和功率穩定性等特性進行了實驗研究；再次，在帶尾纖輸出的高功率ld泵浦nd ： yag激光腔內插入一隻空液晶盒，觀察到了激光器以單縱模運轉；最後，根據泵浦光焦斑端面位置對激光輸出功率的影響規律，提出了ld端面泵浦nd ： yag激光位移傳感新方法，並進行了理論和實驗研究，研究結果表明：當激光晶體內泵浦光平均光斑半徑遠小於振西安理工大學碩士學位論文蕩光束腰半徑時，激光輸出功率的自然指數與泵浦光焦斑的縱向位置成高斯變化規律，測量范圍和靈敏度依賴于泵浦功率，隨著泵浦功率的增加，測量范圍擴大，靈敏度提高，當端面泵浦功率為7 . 24w （最大輸出功率為1 . 926w ）時，激光位移傳感器的測量范圍和靈敏度分別是13 . 045mm和0 . 148mw / pm 。

This has an important meaning to the industrial manufacture. dsc, waxd and polarizing microscope with hot stage experiments were performed to describe what led the ssp rate acceleration of pet / mmt. it was shown that montmorillonite acted as a very good nucleating agent in pet crystallization process, which results in the lower crystallinity, more small microlites, and more surfaces of microlites

為研究pet mmt固相縮聚效率提高的原因，通過熱臺偏光顯微鏡、 dsc 、 x -射線衍射等手段對樣品的結晶進行觀察與分析研究，結果表明蒙脫土對pet的結晶有明顯的成核作用，使其晶核生成速率迅速提高，晶核數量明顯增多，從而使整個結晶過程的時間變短，同時形成了更多結構不完善的微晶體。

A cyclic radial shearing interferometer was used to diagnose the wavefront distortion of a laser system and an lcslm ( liquid crysnd spatial ligh modulator ) was used to control it. some results have been summarized as follows : l. according to the theory of scalar quanity diffeaction and the model of the random gaussian phase screen of low frequency wavefront, the effect of the low frequency wavefront with different rms gradient on the focal spot of a laser beam was studied

本論文在激光光束波前畸變檢測和控制上進行了新的探索，主要就空間相位調制環路徑向剪切干涉儀以及它對波前畸變的檢測和液晶空間光調制器及其對中頻段波前畸變的控制進行了研究，其研究的內容和取得的成果如下：一、根據標量衍射理論，結合低頻波前畸變的高斯隨機位相分佈模型，研究了不同均方根梯度低頻畸變波前對激光光束焦斑聚焦性的影響，並採用描述中頻段波前畸變的功率譜密度概念，模擬計算了它對激光焦斑旁瓣的貢獻。

Isothermal and non - isothermal crystallization behaviors were also investigated. the results of ft - ir, uv spectrum, waxd and sem indicated that rigid rod polymer polyazomethines were polymerized in the composites. the addition of pam changed the crystallization morphology and apparent crystallinity of the composites, but did not change the basal crystal form

通過對復合材料ft - ir 、紫外光譜、 waxd和sem等測試分析，表明復合材料中存在剛性棒高分子聚甲亞胺，其存在改變了pa - 6的結晶形態和表觀結晶度，但尼龍6的晶型並沒改變。

Through the research on the crystallite of the composites modified with silicone coupling agent and pp - g - mah, research showed that the size of the crystallite and oriented crystallization had obviously influence on the mechanical performances. the sem results showed that nano - sio2 was dispersed well in pp, which promoted the matrix undergo shear yielding rather than brittle fracture

通過對硅烷偶聯劑?馬來酸酐接枝聚丙烯共聚物作為界面改性劑改性pp微晶的研究，表明微晶尺寸變化與復合材料的力學性能有關；在界面附近形成擇優取向的結晶層，促使基體發生屈服變形，提高了復合材料的韌性。

At the present time, the first choice driver of icf is the laser. the basic requirements to the kdp crystal optics of icf solid laser driver are : high accuracy face shape quality ( transmission wave front / 6 pv ), high laser damage threshold value ( 15j / cm2 ), good surface roughness ( 5nm )

慣性約束聚變固體激光驅動器對kdp晶體光學零件的基本要求是:高精度的面形質量（透射波前/ 6pv ） 、高激光損傷閾值（ 15j / cm2 ） 、良好的表面粗糙度rms （ 5nm ） 。

But the absorption efficiency, stokes efficiency, quantum efficiency and the superposition efficiency between pump mode and cavity mode is less than one respectively, so the local heat absorption of the crystal is quite strong, and its thermal effect is quite obvious. two measures were taken

但是，由於量子效率小於1 ，斯托克斯頻移，泵浦光與基模的非完美空間重疊以及激光晶體的偏振吸收等因素積聚在晶體內的熱量隨泵浦輻射而變化，出現更為復雜和明顯的熱透鏡效應。

The blade ' s color depends on the nature of the jewel it springs from, and while its length is fixed in the case of a single jewel lightsaber, lightsabers equipped with multiple crystals can have their length varied by rotating a knob that allows the focusing crystal activator to subtly modify the refraction pattern between the gems

劍刃的顏色取決于源晶體的性質，盡管單晶體光劍的劍刃長度是固定的，裝備有復合水晶的光劍可以通過旋動一個旋鈕來移動聚焦晶體，來精確地調整晶體間的折射方式，從而隨意改變刃長。

But in the moderate electric field 150 kv / cm, there is a sharp change in the configuration and charge distribution of the exciton, i. e. the exciton is directly split into an electron polaron and a hole polaron. the polarization and dissociation happen at a same time, which differs from that in conjugated polymers. and in the strong electric field 350 kv / cm, appear structural phase transition of the chain and luminescence quenching

同時得到兩個重要的臨界電場值： 1激子解離電場ec1 （ 150kv / cm ） ，在此電場下激子發生瞬間解離，成為電子型極化子和空穴型極化子； 2結構相變電場ec2 （ 350kv / cm ） ，在ec2下二聚化晶格開始被等距晶格取代， ptcl絡合物鏈發生結構相變，並伴隨peierls能隙漸趨消失和發光猝滅的現象出現。

A serious factor, which influences on limiting energy characteristics of the modem large laser facilities for realizing inertial confinement fusion ( icf ), is an appearance of destructive effects in the frequency conversion crystals of large aperture placed in to the beams

在為實現慣性約束聚變（ icf ）而進行現代大型激光驅動器的設計時，限制能量特性的一個關鍵因素，就是光路中大口徑諧波轉換晶體上所出現的破壞性非線性效應。