職業上的特權 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zhíyèshàngdetèquán]
職業上的特權 英文
professional privilege
  • 職 : Ⅰ名詞1 （職務; 職責） duty; job; 盡職 do [fulfil] one s duty; 失職 neglect one s duty; derelictio...
  • 業 : Ⅰ名詞1 （行業） line of business; trade; industry 2 （職業） occupation; profession; employment; ...
  • 上 : 上名詞[語言學] （指上聲） falling-rising tone
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 特 : Ⅰ形容詞（特殊; 超出一般） particular; special; exceptional; unusual Ⅱ副詞1 （特別） especially; v...
  • 權 : Ⅰ名詞1 [書面語] （秤錘） counterpoise; weight （of a steelyard）2 （權力） power; authority 3 （...
  • 職業 : occupation; profession; vocation; habiliment
  • 特權 : privilege; prerogative
  1. ( 2 ) on the one hand because lacks the concrete working instruction which cause the state department fail to supervise judicial department ' s behavior, on the other hand the judicial department specially in local judicial department resists the state department ' s surveillance at the excuse of law independence ( 3 ) in the view of present judicial department ' s management system, organizations, the working routine and the personnel composes, our legal system also has many problems. according to the request from the party to rule a nation by law at fifteenth national congress, the judicial reform should be considered from following aspects. first, the goal judicial reform is to strengthen judicial independence fatherly ; secondly, judicial authority must by emphasized during the judicial reform ; thirdly, judicial unity must be strengthened ; fourthly, consummates the way and procedure of trial ; fifthly, establishes a specialized judicial system, diligently improves judge ' s troop quality roundly

    我國現行的司法制度是在政治上奉行「以階級斗爭為綱」 ，在經濟上實行高度集權的計劃經濟的特定歷史條件下逐步建立和發展起來的，主要存在三大弊端： （一）從司法機關與其他國家機關或組織的關繫上看，司法機關在人、財、物等方面受制於其他國家機關和組織，特別是由於地方司法機關受制於地方政府、地方權力機關和地方黨委，由此導致了司法權的地方化； （二）從對司法機關進行制約與監督的機制上看，一方面由於缺乏具體的操作規程致使根據黨的十五大提出的「依法治國」的要求，司法改革應從以下幾方面考慮:第一，司法改革的目標是進一步增強司法的獨立性;第二，司法改革應當強調司法的權威性;第三，應當強化司法的統一性;第四，完善審判方式和程序;第五，建立法律職業的專業化制度，努力提高法官的整體隊伍素質。
  2. Theoretically, the author tries to make clear that urban village community is a social organization with multi - serviceability and rich social resources such as social funds. the urban village community, which has both historical continuity and contemporary viability, is established on the base of non - agricultural economy in the process of urbanization and under the social circumstances that both industry and occupation have been transformed and the geographical locations of villages " removed " into cities. the resource value and function are reflected in the dynamic process of complete urbanization, that is, the urban village community is the unique field where the interests and rights of the special " villager " groups who have entered cities lie and the " villager " groups and their communities strive for development and realization of urban harmonization

    理論上，筆者想通過個案村的研究，力圖闡明，鄉村城市化過程中，在產業與職業都已經轉型的社會條件下，在村落的地理坐落也已經「走進」城市的情形下，建立在非農社會經濟基礎上的、既有歷史延續性、又具有現實變異性的都市村社共同體是一個內含豐富社會資本等社會資源與多層面適應性功能的社會組織，尤其是當中的資源價值及其功能意義同樣體現于徹底城市化的動態過程中，即都市村社共同體是已經走進城市生活的特殊「村民」群體之利益與權益高度依附於其中的獨特場域，是「村民」群體及其社區謀求發展與實現城市融合的重要倚賴。
  3. The author points out that the existing problem of teachers " team of the universities and colleges is mainly as follows, to hold a post at present the knowledge structure lacks proper care, insufficient from the ability of teaching, the professional ethics come down, the ethics of the teaching profession is built to need strengthening, teacher ' s phenomenon understaffed is serious, the whole academic credentials are on the low side, teacher ' s in - service training is difficult, professional development shoulders heavy responsibilities, teacher ' s speciality acts on one ' s own and is limited, the professional right falls short of the reality etc. in the last two chapters of this thesis, author introduce institute thinking and practice from teachers " building of contingent that oneself belong to ; at the same time on the basis of using experience of teachers " building of contingent of other army for reference, the author proceeds from actual conditions of the holding a post type universities and colleges of our troops, hold a post to our troops building of teacher team, teachers of universities and colleges, make the idea, propose some suggestions about teacher team building

    接著作者考察了外軍任職教育的實踐與經驗，並對外軍師資隊伍建設的做法、特點等方面進行了探究。為了建設適應任職教育的師資隊伍，作者對當前任職教員隊伍的現狀進行了分析，指出當前任職院校師資隊伍存在的問題有:知識結構失調，從教能力不足、職業道德滑坡，師德建設需要加強、教員缺編現象嚴重，整體學歷偏低、教員在職進修困難，專業發展任重道遠、教員專業自主受到限制，專業權利名不副實等。在論文的后兩章，作者介紹了自己所在的學院在師資隊伍建設方面的思路和實踐;同時在借鑒外軍師資隊伍建設經驗的基礎上，作者從我軍任職型院校的實際情況出發，對我軍任職院校師資隊伍建設做出了展望和構想。
  4. The author affirmed : the institutes should be changed to a joint company running in the system of shareholders " meeting, directors " meeting and supervisors " meeting. the adjusting of capital should obey the principle of " the high directors owned shares being main, the managers and kernel technologists owned shares being domination, the private and other enterprises " owned shares being more than half, and the state owned shares being less than half. in order to get the human capital coming true, it is recommended that the institutes can give shares when high managers buy the shares of the institutes and give the right of getting bonus in future to kernel technologists

    通過研究，筆者認為：在企業組織形式上要建立股份制的現代企業制度，形成三會制約的現代企業管理體制；在資本結構重組過程中，要按照「高管人員持股居主導地位，經營層和核心技術人員持股居控制地位，職工和社會持股居控股地位，國有股居次要地位原則」調整股權結構：要特別注意人力資本實現問題，通過配股、期權等辦法解決高管人員和核心技術人員智力成果的資本化。
  5. Providing separate pay arrangements only for those groups broadly equivalent to the hong kong disciplined services where special provisions apply ( eg where the right to take industrial action has been removed ). as a consequence, many of these equivalent groups in the selected countries are in practice treated in the same way as any other department or occupation within the civil service or broader public sector

    至於上述國家內與香港紀律部隊大致相若的部門，其中只有少數因受特別規條約束（例如被取消採取工業行動的權利）而獲提供獨立的薪酬安排；事實上，其他隊伍的待遇與一般政府部門或公營部門的職類並無分別。
  6. Providing separate pay arrangements only for those groups broadly equivalent to the hong kong disciplined services where special provisions apply eg where the right to take industrial action has been removed. as a consequence, many of these equivalent groups in the selected countries are in practice treated in the same way as any other department or occupation within the civil service or broader public sector

    至於上述國家內與香港紀律部隊大致相若的部門，其中只有少數因受特別規條約束例如被取消採取工業行動的權利而獲提供獨立的薪酬安排事實上，其他隊伍的待遇與一般政府部門或公營部門的職類並無分別。
  7. But in the judicial practice, some judges still have a preference for conciliation and there are five reasons for this : the first one is the ideological reason. traditional law culture has helped the judges form particular conciliation view ; the second is the systematic reason. " the exceeding of powers " lawsuit mode has overexpanded the jurisdiction of the courts ; the third is the objective reason

    究其原因有五：一是思想上原因，傳統法律文化形成法官獨特的調解價值觀：二是體制上原因， 「超職權主義」的訴訟模式過分膨脹了法院的審判權；三是客觀上原因，市場經濟條件下的新型訴訟層出不窮使得法官應接不暇；四是立法上原因，現行立法缺乏明確的操作規程導致調解被濫用；五是自身原因，非專業化的法官隊伍習慣于以調代判。
  8. In the modern management, how to motivate the corporate staffs and evaluate their work performance has become one of the widely noticed research subjects. because motivation and performance appraisal, which are connected with many factors, are complex to study, the present research results cannot fully satisfy the needs of corporate management. on the basis of the policies of the party and the government and the theories of behavior science, human capital, management psychology and industrial organization, this paper analyzed the factors, which influenced the motivation mechanism, including reward, power of control, reputation, market competition and supervisor, based on the analysis above, the paper divides the persons in an enterprise into 7 catalogues - investors, operators, middle managements, engineering technicians, marketing professionals, working staffs and workers, and put forward their concrete incentive and performance appraisal plans respectively

    本文在充分研究黨和國家的方針、政策（現代企業制度、分配製度） ，行為科學（需要層次理論、激勵? ?保健雙因素論、期望值理論） ，管理心理學理論（公平理論、目標設置理論、自我認知理論） ，產業組織理論（公司治理結構的內涵、共同治理結構）和人力資本的內涵、特徵及其產權特性和實現途徑的基礎上，對影響激勵機制的因素（報酬、控制權、聲譽、市場競爭、監督等）分別進行了分析，並在這些分析基礎上，把企業的人分為七大類（投資者、經營者、中層管理幹部、工程技術人員、營銷人員、職員和工人） ，提出了他們各自具體的激勵和績效考核方案。
  9. Prior to this appointment, patrick was director of sales and marketing for intel ' s channels and distribution group where he was responsible for driving the demand generation and sales of intel architecture, networking and communication products though authorized distributors and channels

    在擔任此職之前，李旭東是英特爾渠道和分銷事業部亞太區銷售和營銷總監，在此職位上，他負責通過授權分銷商和渠道，推動下一代英特爾架構，網路和通訊產品的需求和銷售。
  10. However domestic unmature security marbet restrict amc ' s free shares transfer. my opinion is to improve and regulate by law in the course of d - to e. firstly, it is necessary to grasp d to e principle accuratly and construct strict qualification system, secondly, it is important to guarantee amc to enterprise system can keep amc ' s as shareholder control of d to e enterprise, and improve continuously amc ' s management level and efficiency. it is necessary to make special regulation about the duration periods and vavle of amc ' s egutity in legislation to sustain amc benefit, moreover, 13 to e also coordinate with state - owned ' s out - strategy and adjust ownership through social and. private cash input, these also help solve the problem of uvclear state - owned ownership entity ; at the same time, it is necessary to improve security market to widen the ways of share transfer, to be outward transfer as main transfer way, to cultivate institutional investor and reform equity system ; at last it is important to difine correctly bovernment ' s role and play its role. government should be in the nationwide view to organize, coordinate balance support regulate to guarantee d to e ' s performance

    筆者認為，債轉股實施過程中，應依照法律規范予以完善和制約，首先應準確把握其操作原則，特別注意嚴格把好債轉股的準入關;其次，切實發揮金融資產管理公司的職能作用，促使企業轉換經營機制建立現代企業制度，要確保金融資產管理公司作為股東對債轉股企業的最終控制權，不斷提高金融資產管理公司的運作水平和效率，並且在立法上對債轉股中的股權的存續和價值的保護進行特別規定，以維護金融資產管理公司的合法權益;再者，債轉股還要與國有經濟的戰略性退出相結合，進行必要的產權結構調整，通過引入社會資金、民營資本等其他成分徹底解決國企產權主體虛位和產權不明晰的現象;同時，要完善資本市場，積極拓寬股權的退出通道，把對外轉讓作為股權的主要退士方式，培育機構投資者，改革股權制度;最
  11. In the chapter 5 and 6, in the framework of the stakeholder theory, the governance efficiency and relations between control rights transferring and principal bodies ( large stockholders and the stakeholders protection ) and leadership structures ( post designated of boards and ceo ) and characteristic of boards ( board composition and board size and board behaviors ) of the stakeholders of listed companies samples were deeply analyzed. at the same time, in the chapter 7 and 8, affecting factors including the stock property structure and enterprises performances ( financial performance and market perfor mance ) before and after the control rights transferring were handed out in the face of readers and they were tested in the kinds of angles. as the beginning and base of the dissertation, conclusions and extents were arranged in the part 4

    其中第五章和第六章是在相關利益者的理論框架下，將控制權變更發生的上市公司的相關利益者等主體行為（大股東和相關利益者保護） 、領導權結構（董事會和總經理職位設置）和董事會特性（董事構成、董事會規模和董事會行為）與控制權變更狀態的相互關系和治理效率進行了深入研浙江大學博士學位論文上市公司控制權變更:理論與實證分析究;第七章和第八章是將影響我國上市公司控制權發生變更的股權結構（包括公司股權結構和前十大股東股權集中度） 、控制權變更前後企業績效（財務績效和市場績效）呈現在讀者面前，並進行了多角度驗證分析。
  12. Based on the comparison and analysis on investor monitoring mechanism of foreign countries, and combined with characteristics of chinese enterprises and experiment practice, the thesis puts forward the mode of chinese gfis, which includes gfi ' s function. different assigning approach, gfi ' s responsibility, right and welfares, gfi ' s employment, management and appraising, the relationship between gfi, manager, chief accountant and other aspects. the writer also analyses the problems during the operation of gfis, corresponding solutions and how to perfect this system

    筆者認真地研究了國際上出資人監督機制，吸取其精華，結合我國企業的特點和試點經驗，提出了我國企業財務總監制度的運作模式，包括財務總監的職能定位，各種委派方式，財務總監的責權利，財務總監人才的選聘、管理和考核，財務總監與經營者、總會計師等諸方面的關系，分析財務總監制度實施中遇到了的問題，及應對這些問題，如何完善財務總監制度。
  13. And so without artificially analysing all the converging planes of the cone and ranks of the army or classes or ranks of any department whatever, or public undertaking, from lower to higher, a law comes into existence, by which men always combine together for the performance of common action in such relation that the more directly they take part in the action, the less they command, and the greater their numbers ; and the less direct the part they take in the common action, the more they command, and the fewer they are in number ; passing in that way from the lower strata up to a single man at the top, who takes least direct share in the action, and devotes his energy more than all the rest to giving commands

    因此，不用特意分解連成一體的圓錐體的各個部分一支軍隊的所有官職，或任何行政機關或公共事業中由最低級到最高級的職稱和職位，我們就可以看出一種法則，根據這種法則，採取聯合行動的人們結成下面的關系：愈多地直接參與行動的人，他們的指揮權就愈小，他們的人數就愈多而愈少地直接參與行動的人，他們的指揮權就愈大，他們的人數也就愈少照這樣從底層上升到最後那個人，那個人最少地直接參與行動，最多地發號施令。
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