股東之權利 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [gǔdōngzhīquánlì]
股東之權利
英文
the rights of shareholders-
Firstly, some basic concepts are not clear, such as what is the status of the company under liquidation, how to define the action of the industrial - commercial authority ' s invalidation of the license of the company, whether or not the share holders can sue to disincorporate the company, is it legal to dissolve a company without liquidation, what is special liquidation, under what situation will a company be obliged to disincorporate, who will be responsible for liquidation after the dis incorporation, etc. secondly, some primary legislative principles about disincorporation and liquidation that are adopted in foreign countries are not established in china, such as a company must be liquidated before disincorporation except for acquisition, the company remains valid during the liquidation until it finishes the invalidation registration, an ordinary liquidation must be replaced by a special liquidation under the instruction of the court when there is an impediment or a fraud, the company should apply to the court for bankruptcy when it is found that its debt is over its asset during the liquidation, the number of people execute liquidation can be several or just one, companies applied for annulment shall be judged by the court and must be liquidated, etc. thirdly, china does n ' t have some of the fundamental rules that are specified in the laws of foreign countries, such as the rule of disincorporation registration, the rule that the company should sue to let the court judge for disincorporation if there is a deadlock between share holders, the rule of credit trade - off in special liquidation, the rule that people who execute the liquidation are jointly responsible for compensating the loss of the third party caused by their activities that are illegal or vicious, the rule of special liquidation, the rule of the representation of the people who execute the liquidation, the rule of the court supervising the liquidation in an inactive way, the rule of how long the accounts and documents should be kept after disincorporation, etc. because of the lack in research and legislation, the system for companies leaving the market is highly disorganized, which harmed the interest of the creditors and relevant people, increased the risk of market exchange, damaged the order of the market economy and the ethic of doing business, wasted the resources of the society, and impaired the authority and seriousness of the law
再次，國外立法上的一些基本制度我國沒有，如解散登記制度，股東出現僵局訴請法院判決解散制度，特別清算中的債權協定製度，清算人因違法或惡意對第三人承擔連帶賠償責任制度，司法特別清算制度，清算人的代表性制度，法院消極監督清算制度，帳薄及文件在公司解散后保存法定期限制度等。由於理論研究和立法的不足，造成了我國公司法人退出市場機制的嚴重混亂，損害了債權人和利害關系人的利益，增加了市場主體交易不安全感，破壞了市場經濟秩序和商業道德，浪費了社會資源，削弱了法律的權威性和嚴肅性。文章認為，完善我國公司解散和清算制度，應借鑒和引進發達國家的法學理論和法律制度，統一我國有關解散和清算立法，在基本概念、基本原則、基本制度、基本程序諸方面進行統一規范，填補立法空白，創設法院解散公司制度，廢除行政特別清算制度代之以司法特別清算制度，健全和嚴格違反清算規定的法律責任制度（包括民事責任，刑事責任，行政責任，改變現行行政處罰范圍偏廣，民事賠償范圍偏窄，刑事追究空白太多的不協調狀況） ，從而構築起科學的公司解散和清算制度，使之符合我國經濟生活的客觀需求，符合市場經濟發展的基本方向，並與國外立法通例趨同。The author suggests that our country should perfect the preemptive right of shareholders to subscribe to new share in order to protect the proportional benefits of shareholders in company ; meanwhile the rigid disinvestment system should be improved. at last the responsibilities of directors for increasing and decreasing company ' s capital illegally should be strengthened in order to make shareholders treated equitably and prevent directors from fighting for controlling power of company and other personal benefits
之後指出，我國應完善股東的新股認購權制度，以保護股東在公司的比例性利益； 7t化的減資制度應予改善，對因虧損而減資，不必設置債揪異議程序，為餓東在公司增減資本中獲得公平的橢，防止董事藉此爭奪公司控制權或謀取其他私利，應強化董事在公司違法增減資本中的責任。Starting from the definition of consideration, the paper states the theoretical and legal basis of consideration, and makes comparison between consideration and compensation. the content contains : ( 1 ) consideration is an important concept in the british and american law of contract ; ( 2 ) when nonnegotiable share turns to be negotiable, the price of negotiable share will decrease. therefore, if this action occurs, nonnegotiable shareholders should make promise to protect negotiable shareholders ’ benefits ; ( 3 ) shareholder structure premium is the basic theoretical basis of consideration payment ; ( 4 ) consideration is a reasonable compensation which contract beneficiary gives to sufferer, according to the fair principle of the civil law
對價從法律上看是一種等價有償的允諾關系，而從經濟學的角度說，對價就是利益沖突的雙方處于各自利益最優狀況的要約而又互不被對方接受時，通過兩個或兩個以上平等主體之間的妥協關系來解決這一沖突; （ 2 ）把對價運用於股權分置改革，其基本含義是未來非流通股轉為可流通時，由於會導致流通股股價下跌，因此，流通股股東同意非流通股可流通的同時，非流通股股東也要對這一行為發生時將充分保護流通股股東的利益不受損作出相應承諾; （ 3 ）股權分置溢價是支付對價的基There are many mechanics can be used, such as the preference share, the redeemable preference share, convertible preference share, the income bond, the anti - dilution clause, the protection against dilution, mandatory dividend, convertible preference bond, participating preference share, etc. however, in the contract freedom, some stakeholders, such as creditors, minority shareholders, suffer from significant information imperfections and negative externalities
原因在於，當公司向股東分配股票，包括股票股利、資本公積金轉增股本時，不會導致財產流出公司，不會減少對優先股股東和債權人的擔保財產，通常不會損害優先股股東和債權人利益，不會對優先股股東和債權人產生負的外部性。克服負外部性的機制之一是，通過程序強制，為第三方參加締約創造機會。Further more, the article will describe the differences of corporate governance between our country and abroad. according to my research, it will utilise the steps to consummate the corporate governance. the property right among director board, supervisor board and management will be allocated clearly ; consolidate the function of independent directors and supervise system ; protect the share holders and launch outside supervise mechanism ; manager system ; set up a stimulating system to guarantee these three parts can operate appropriately
本文認為，不斷完善法人治理結構可以通過下列途徑來實現，首先，通過明晰產權，強化獨立董事制度，強化董事會、監事會的監督、制衡和決策作用來確保三會之間權責明確、互相制約；其次，通過確保股東利益，建立完善外部治理環境，經理人制度，有效的激勵約束機制來確保企業管理中法人治理結構能夠有效的運行。The relationships among different shareholders, especially the agent relationships between the outside shareholders and the dominant shareholders ( or the board dominated by them ), are the start point and the determinant element for other types of agent relationships in a company. therefore, the corporate governance should commence with the inner - shareholders governance. that is to say that we should put the focus on finding the solution to the interests conflicts between outside shareholders and dominant shareholders ( or board of directors ) and resolve the agent problem between them
股東資產是公司存在的首要前提，股東權益是公司的權益之源，股東之間的相互關系，尤其是外部股東和控制型大股東（或受其控制的董事會）之間的代理關系就成為公司中其它類型代理關系的起點和和決定性因素，從而，公司治理的出發點應當放在股東的內部治理上，即解決外部股東與控制型大股東（或董事會）之間的利益沖突和代理問題。In china, the capital market was cut up in to un - circulate and circulate field, and the listed company has high concentrated ownership structure. the core agent problem of the chinese listed company is conflict between controlling shareholder and minority shareholder. the core agent problem provides the new angle of view to our research in cash dividend policy
但由於中國市場被人為分割為非流通股與流通股市場，且上市公司股權結構高度集中，中國上市公司代理問題的重心轉向控股股東與中小股東之間的利益沖突，這對研究我國上市公司現金股利政策提供了新的視角。Dividend policy reflect interests relationship among the company, shareholders, creditors, senior managers, employee, etc. the company, regarding as the ties of interest relation in the interest subject, need to keep reserves high to meet the demands of reproduction enlarged. to the creditor, the company must keep reserves to increase the enterprise profit ability to promise the repayment
公司股利分配政策反映了公司、股東、債權人、公司管理者等各利益相關主體之間的利益分配關系。對于作為聯結各利益主體之間利益關系的紐帶? ?公司來說，公司既需要收益留存、增加積累、滿足擴大再生產的需要；又要滿足投資者的需求，為其未來資金籌集提供來源。相對于債權人而言，需要公司將收益留存、增加企業盈利能力，滿足其本金償還的需要。This paper describes and considers explanations of improvement in corporate governance and transfer of state - owned shares in the chinese stock market. corporate governance in china serves to resolve the problem of asymmetric information in managing firms. it is a property rights contract to match the residual claims and residual rights of control
公司治理，是伴隨著現代公司所有權與控制權相分離而產生的一整套契約制度，它通過合理配置剩餘索取權與控制權，形成科學的激勵機制和相互權力制衡機制，從而協調利益相關者- -股東、債權人、經營者和職工之間的責權利關系，旨在達到降低代理成本和提高公司運營效率的目的。Listed companies have great sum of capital by collecting funds publicly from society, whose capital has been socialized and scale is far lager than traditional companies, thus impact the society widely. high managers of listed companies have become more and more professional, and selected more from specialists out of the companies. besides stockholders, the employers, customers, suppliers, governments and communities outside listed companies have formed into groups of stakeholders, who are directly or indirectly related to listed companies
上市公司的股權高度社會化，股東人數眾多；上市公司股權高度證券化，其資本證券具有極強的社會流通性；上市公司向社會公開募集資金，資本數額龐大，實現資本的社會化，公司規模遠遠超過傳統的公司、企業，具有廣泛的社會影響；上市公司高級管理人員日益專業化、職業化和外部化，形成職業經理人階層；除了公司股東之外，上市公司的雇員、顧客、供應商、政府和社區等公司外部主體已經形成利益相關者集團，與公司存在直接或間接的利益關系。Within the llc, investors are often linked by family or other personal relationships that result in a familiarity among the participants. in order to maintain the structure of rights of the llc, it is popular to set up the articles and bylaws of the company to restrict the transferability of shares. this ensures that outsiders cannot become shareholders without the consent of the existing shareholders and may provide a device by which existing shareholders may have a chance to exit the company under some reasonable conditions
但為了維持公司設立之初所奠定的權利結構，防止不測，從而影響期待利益並制裁那些違反協議的人，公司股東之間往往會通過章程、內部規定等對股份轉移進行限制（在採取法定主義模式的立法下，法律代替股東們做出了選擇，將股東的意志上升為法律意志，以確保公司設立目的的實現，並最終帶給社會各種福利） 。The theoretic frame of the right to know in the business of security trading is expected to be built on the basis of confirming the right to know in security trading, listing the reason of why the small and medium - sized share holders, creditors or foundation holders have the such right to know, making clear the positive meaning that the independent director cherished for the public disclosure, getting into the in - sight specialities of public business information products and non - symmetry and enforcing the main body of the business, the task of public disclosure of the listed companies in particular
通過對中小股東、債權人以及基金持有人知情權權利主體的保護，獨立董事享有知情權對信息披露的積極意義;透視營業信息以及非對稱性之特徵，並強化義務主體，尤其是上市公司的信息披露義務;以期構建起證券交易知情權的理論框架。此外，為投資者恢復在證券交易過程中被剝奪的權利和損失的利益，建立和完善證券交易知情權民事責任制度及其實現機制，從而建立起證券交易知情權的保護體系。The focus of the thesis lies in an elaboration of the influences exerted upon a listed company ' s profit return by the monopolist position the state - owned shares occupy, by the degree to which share - right is concentrated, and by the division of non - negotiable shares and negotiable shares, as well as of the positive promotion to the company ' s profit return by the system of executives buying - back shares and employees " share - ownership. based on theoretical analysis and case study, the thesis proposes some measures for optimizing the share - right composition and enhancing the profit return of the listed companies. the conclusion can be summed up as follows : ( 1 ) owing to the absence of real trustor, the unduly long, hence low, efficiency of the agency chain, state - owned shares are prone to being controlled by insiders and to the problem of share - holders " interests being embezzled by insiders
基本的分析結論可以概括為如下幾點： （一）國有股由於真正的委託人缺位，代理鏈條過長，代理效率低下，容易產生內部人控制，並發生內部人侵佔股東利益的問題，法人股在公司治理中的效率明顯優于國有股，因此，如何完善國有資產管理體制是優化股權結構的關鍵，本文提出了完善國有資產管理體制的具體建議； （二）在非流通股與流通股並存的股權分割下，非流通股股東與流通股股東具有不同的目標函數，非流通股股東的目標函數是提高每股凈資產，而流通股的目標函數是股票的二級市場價格，目標函數的不一致，導致股東之間行為的不一致，相互沖突的行為造成效率的損失。The 75th has one of following state, meet to partner the partner of this resolution nay can request a company to buy its equity according to reasonable price : ( one ) the company does not distribute profit 5 years to partner continuously, and these 5 years of company consecutive profit, and accord with what this code decides allocate profit condition ; ( 2 ) company amalgamative, schism, those who transfer main property ; ( 3 ) the business deadline at the expiration of one ' s term of office that company rules sets or what constitution sets is other disband main content to appear, partner meets what the conference makes through resolution modification constitution the company puts add
第七十五條有下列情形之一的，對股東會該項決議投反對票的股東可以請求公司按照合理的價格收購其股權： （一）公司連續五年不向股東分配利潤，而公司該五年連續盈利，並且符合本法規定的分配利潤條件的； （二）公司合併、分立、轉讓主要財產的； （三）公司章程規定的營業期限屆滿或者章程規定的其他解散事由出現，股東會會議通過決議修改章程使公司存續的。The withdrawal right of shareholders is not only one kind of profit power, but also one kind of form power. it is the withdrawal right of shareholder by terminating an agreement under the specific condition
無論是理論研究，還是司法實踐，都已證明股東退出權不僅可以有效保護股東權益，還可以保障公司與股東之間的利益平衡，是一項「雙贏」的救濟措施。The broadly - defined corporate governance does not confine to shareholder checking and balance to the manager, but involve extensive correlated beneficiaries who include shareholder, creditor, supplier, employee, government, community, etc. corporate governance coordinate company and correlated beneficiaries by formal and unofficial, internal and external system or mechanism, so as to ensure company scientific process of decision, thus maintain the interests of various fields of company finally
廣義的公司治理則不局限於股東對經營者的制衡，而是涉及到廣泛的利害相關者，包括股東、債權人、供應商、雇員、政府和社區等與公司有利害關系的集團。公司治理是通過一套包括正式或非正式的、內部的或外部的制度或機制來協調公司與所有利害相關者之間的利益關系，以保證公司決策的科學化，從而最終維護公司各方面的利益。The reason of shareholders owning deputy litigation right results from their legal status
股東之所以擁有代表訴權，是因為該權利源於股東的法律地位，它是股東的固有權。But related transactions happen between special parties which have controlling and affecting relevant relations, when lacking of correspond regulations of law, in order to buck for some unfair interests, related parties and listed companies are usually apt to distort terms of exchange, which making the related transactions unfair. unfair related transactions will affect the interests of our country, minor stockholders and creditors, will affect the achievements and long - term development of the listed companies, indee d will affect the healthy and normative development of the securities market
但是關聯交易發生在彼此存在控制與被控制、影響與被影響的關聯關系的特定主體之間，若缺乏相應法律監管和機制監管，為謀求一些不正當的利益，關聯人和上市公司往往容易扭曲交易條件，會造成公司關聯交易的不公正，從而影響到了國家、少數股東、債權人的利益以及上市公司自身的業績和長遠發展，甚至會影響證券市場的健康、規范發展。The existence of implicit contracts forces enterprises to take into account not only the interests of stockholders, creditors and administrators in the process of making their financing decisions, but also the interests of other relevant beneficiaries, such as clients
摘要隱性契約的存在使企業進行融資決策時需考慮除股東、債權人、管理者之外其他利益相關者企業顧客的影響。At present, the phenomena such as the majority shareholder ' s abusive use of power and the internal control widely exist in the chinese listed company. this leads to the disorder in the management and operation of the corporation and stock market, and also causes the illegal activities which harm the interests of the minority share holders. though there are many reasons for this, the shortcomings hi the design of the supervisor legal system is one among them
目前，我國上市公司中大量存在著「大股東濫權」和「內部人控制」的現象，並引致公司管理與運行、證券市場的混亂無序與違規違法活動的泛濫，中小股東利益屢遭侵害，其原因不一而足，而有關監事法律制度設計上的弊端則是其中之一。分享友人