育種群體發育 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [yùzhǒngqúntǐfāyù]
育種群體發育
英文
breeding population development-
We focused on the following aspects ; 1 ) we first assayed the expression of complement receptors and complement - associated molecules on distinct subsets of dendritic cells during their development in order to understand the physical basis of the sensitivity of dendritic cells to complement and its split products ; we next studied the effects of complement activation on the survival of dendritic cells during their development ; and finally examined the effects of the whole complement system, focusing on the ability of one of the split products of complement activation, c5a, and its first subcomponent - c1q, to influence chemotaxis of dendritic cells, as well as allo - t cell stimulatory activity of dc
我們通過免疫磁珠分離了兩種人dc前體，即髓系來源的單核細胞（ monocytes ， mo ）和淋巴系來源的漿細胞樣dc （ plasmaeytoiddendriticeells ， pdc ） ，對這兩個不同dc亞群進行體外誘導培養，使其處于不同的分化發育階段，然後檢測了其表達補體受體一cd35 （ cri ） 、 cd21 （ crz ） 、 cdilb （ cr3 ） 、 cdlle （ cr4 ） ，補體調控蛋白一cd46 、 cd55 、以及部分補體片斷分子受體一c3ar 、 csar 、 clqrp的水平。Three types of cuticular thickening at the polar region of the guard cells are observed : slight cuticular thickening ; rod - shaped culicular thickening and rarely t - shaped thickening. with data obtained from the former research and personal observation, the cladistic methods were employed for the phylogenetic analysis of data and trees were rooted by out - group comparison using, the related genus kadsura. as result, a new system of the genus schisamdra michaux was reconstructed, and schisandra michaux was subdivided into 2 subgenus, 3 section, 2 series 10 species in this dissertation
整理有關五味子屬植物研究的資料，補充搜集近期發表的資料和本人研究所得數據，以種為基本單元，選擇近緣的南五味子屬（ kadsura ）作為外類群，採用paup4 . 0b4a軟體對本研究得出的性狀數據作分支分析，重建五味子屬的系統發育，修訂和補充五味子屬分類系統，在五味子屬下設2亞屬、 3組、 2系、 10種。In this thesis, hordeum brevisubulatum ( trinius ) link, which is one of the fine and important forage grass species in the north of china, is researched on its growth and development, physiological ecology and population ecology
本論文對野大麥（ hordeumbrevisubularum （ trinius ） link ）這一北方優良牧草在個體生長發育、生理生態以及種群生物學等方面進行了較全面的系統研究。From the aspects of agricultural economic and environmental ecological effects, were the effects and mechanism of rare - earth micro - fertilizer to improve the growth, development, quality and yield of the crops ; the adjustment of crops growth by influencing the number of microbial population in soil district and the function of the soil dehydrase, alkaline phosphatase, urease and sucrase ; the ecophysiological effects of alleviating the injure of acid rain, ultraviolet radiation, heavy metal on crops were illustrated ; the sureness of bee ' s use in agricultural was provided, according to the rule of the distribution and enrichment of be in crops
摘要從農業經濟效應和環境生態效應二方面，論述了稀土肥料促進作物生長、發育，提高作物產量，改善作物品質的效應與機理；影響土壤區系中微生物種群數量和土壤脫氫酶、堿性磷酸酶、脲酶及蔗糖酶的功能，繼而反饋調節作物生長；緩解酸雨、紫外輻射和重金屬傷害作物的生態生理學效應；並以稀土在作物體內分佈與富集規律為參考，探討了稀土農用的安全性。This paper concerns studies on rhizobia in symbiosis with important legume soybean and peanut crops in china, following : 1 ) summarized bio - diversity of rhizobia, including indigeneous population, isolation frequency, strain type, distribution, and strain - host promiscuity and compatibility from large and small samples. 2 ) reviewed symbiont improvement in both sides of rhizobia and hosts, involving selection of effective rhizobial strains, evoluation and utilization of the host germplasm for symbiotic properties, and selection of the both sides for special characters. 3 ) discussed the subject on the rich symbiont germplasm resource in china and on further research being necessary to exploitation and utilization of the benificial germplasm
針對我國主要豆科作物大豆和花生的研究成果，並結合本身研究工作內容， （ 1 ）總結了與宿主共生的根瘤菌生物學多樣性，包括大、小樣本的土著根瘤菌群體數量、分離頻率、類型與分佈及其菌株宿主共生混交性與親和性； （ 2 ）評述了根瘤菌宿主植物共生體雙邊固氮改良，包括優良菌株的選育、宿主品種資源共生特性的評價與利用及特異性狀的選擇； （ 3 ）討論了我國這一類共生體資源的豐富性以及有必要進一步加大力度研究有益資源的開發和利用的問題。Abstract : this paper concerns studies on rhizobia in symbiosis with important legume soybean and peanut crops in china, following : 1 ) summarized bio - diversity of rhizobia, including indigeneous population, isolation frequency, strain type, distribution, and strain - host promiscuity and compatibility from large and small samples. 2 ) reviewed symbiont improvement in both sides of rhizobia and hosts, involving selection of effective rhizobial strains, evoluation and utilization of the host germplasm for symbiotic properties, and selection of the both sides for special characters. 3 ) discussed the subject on the rich symbiont germplasm resource in china and on further research being necessary to exploitation and utilization of the benificial germplasm
文摘:針對我國主要豆科作物大豆和花生的研究成果，並結合本身研究工作內容， （ 1 ）總結了與宿主共生的根瘤菌生物學多樣性，包括大、小樣本的土著根瘤菌群體數量、分離頻率、類型與分佈及其菌株宿主共生混交性與親和性； （ 2 ）評述了根瘤菌宿主植物共生體雙邊固氮改良，包括優良菌株的選育、宿主品種資源共生特性的評價與利用及特異性狀的選擇； （ 3 ）討論了我國這一類共生體資源的豐富性以及有必要進一步加大力度研究有益資源的開發和利用的問題。In education, the author explains that the educational innovation served as premise and security for the development of physics via in - depth analysis on the college education and educational system of physics in germany ; ln philosophy, to avoid the superficial and rigid opinions that philosophy either guides or hinders physics, which is resulted from one - way analysis on the influence of physical knowledge by specific philosophical knowledge, based on the combination of physical achievements by philosophy and profound philosophical knowledge, the author illustrates that the influence on german physics by philosophy reflects more on a kind of spirit a nd this very spirit brings the new quality into the german physics ; in mathematics, by means of analyzing integration of mathematics and physics at different stages, the author is tended to testify that the blooming mathematics in germany is the indispensable condition for the prosperity of german physics because. 2 mathematics provides language tools for the development of physics ; ln culture, by way of analyzing the common features of german physicists and connecting the brilliant german culture, the author audaciously brings forward that the wissenschaft ideas and faust ideas is the important driving force for the prosperity of the development of german physics
在教育方面，通過對德國大學和物理教育體制的形成的分析，說明教育改革是物理學發展的先導和保證；在哲學方面，作者避免了從具體哲學知識對物理知識影響的單一方式出發而得出「要麼指導要麼阻礙」的兩種簡單僵化觀點的弊端，將哲學對物理學成就的影響和德國物理學家群體很高的哲學素養結合起來分析，說明哲學對德國物理學的作用更多的是體現在一種氣質、精神上，正是這種氣質和精神為德國物理學的發展注入了一種新的特質；在數學方面，通過對不同時期數學和物理學融合程度的分析，證明了發達的數學是德國物理學繁榮和領先的必不可少的條件，它為物理學的發展提供了語言工具；文化方面，通過對物理學家群體特點的分析聯系燦爛的德國文化，作者大膽提出其中蘊涵的wissenschaft思想和浮士德精神是德國物理學繁榮和領先的重要動力。Postmodernist perspective of student thinks, student is the creative being, education should esteem student ' s creation, develop student " creative potential, protect student ' s creative ardor, develop student ' s creative ability, the highest idea of quality education is to develop student ' s creative ardor and student ' s practical ability, student is original being, education should esteem student ' s multi - aspect differences, remove all kinds of discrimination, listen to different voices, especially, the voice of disadvantageous groups, concerns students on minor status or the edge ; student should become sustainable developmental human, education is an enterprise to develop human ' s potential
后現代主義學生觀認為：學生是創造性的存在物，教育應尊重學生的創造，開發學生的創造潛能，保護學生的創造熱情，發展學生的創造能力，素質教育的最高理想是培養學生的創造熱情和實踐能力；學生是獨特性的存在物，教育應尊重學生的多方面差異，要清除教育中的各種歧視，主張傾聽不同聲音，特別是弱勢群體的聲音，要關注處在次要或邊緣地位的學生（如落困生、少數民族學生、殘疾青少年等等） ；學生應該成為可持續發展的人。教育是開發人的潛能的事業。Twenty f1 combinations crossed among 5 varieties and strains different in fiber properties according to complete diallel crossing design were used to evaluate the heterosis and gene action of boll weight and lint percentage in high quality fiber property varieties in upland cotton in 1998 1999 for two year successively at nanjing. it was indicated that there existed small interactions with the environmental factors without maternal effects and the additive gene effect was in chief, attaining to 51. 2 % and 65. 4 % respectively for boll weight and lint percentage. the dominant effect was also in higher rate, 32. 6 % and 16. 8 % respectively. the population mean heterosis of boll weight and lint percentage over the mid - parental mean were relatively prominent 13. 3 % and 3. 5 % respectively in extreme significance. however, boll weight showed no significantly surpassing parental f1 heterosis over the better parent based on population mean ( 2. 0 % ) ; while the lint percentage expressed significant negative heterosis value ( - 2. 1 % ). the gene actions were in conformity with the heterosis expression. it was shown clearly that the f1 combinations crossed between parents with similar performances had relatively high dominant effects and significant positive f1 surpassing parental heterosis ( f1 heterosis over the better parent ) ; while no f1 combination crossed between the parents with prominent mutual difference surpassed the higher parent in yield components, which indicated that among those parents with less difference and close relationships, there still existed sufficient genetic variation or certain mechanism for creating variation and achieving greater advances in breeding. correlation analyses also indicated that there still existed severely undesirable negative correlation between yield and fiber properties as well as the difficulties for their simultaneous improvements
利用5個具有不同纖維品質性狀的品種（系）配製完全雙列雜交組合20個，通過親本和f1的2年隨機區組試驗發現產量性狀的鈴重和衣分與環境的互作效應小，不存在母體效應，並以加性遺傳效應為主，分別占表型方差的51 . 2 %和65 . 4 % ;顯性遺傳效應所佔的比率也較高，分別為32 . 6 %和16 . 8 % .鈴重和衣分的群體平均優勢較大，分別為13 . 3 %和3 . 5 % ，達到了極顯著;鈴重的超親優勢為2 . 0 % ，不顯著;衣分為顯著的負值（ - 2 . 1 % ） .遺傳分析與雜種優勢結果一致.具體表現在產量性狀上，親本相當配製的組合雜合顯性較高，其超親優勢正向顯著，而極值親本（差異較大）所配組合沒有超過高親的.這表明親本差異小、親源關系較近的親本中仍然存在足夠的遺傳變異或某種機制以創造變異使育種取得更大的進展.相關分析表明了仍然存在嚴重的品質與產量的負相關，遺傳改良的難度較大In order to select male nucleo - sterile new genotype, a tentative idea was put forward for the nucleo - male sterility to attach a tps ( thermo - photoperiod sensitivity ) and a selection strategy of combination of selection and identification, at the same time, the spring and summer sowing method were used to provide different environment conditions of appraising sterility and tps. the results indicated that ( 1 ) sterility could be appraised under the spring sowing environment and tps could be appraised under summer sowing environment. ( 2 ) under spring sowing environment, sterility could be selected, but not maintained. thereby, lines selected could only be selected as recorded selection method in the experiment. ( 3 ) and then, selection was carried out from spring sowing line selected into summer sowing in same line with tps to select plants. these plants through the intercrossing selection had been combined with sterility and tps. in this way, a new selection protocol for selection sterile line with tps was formed. it mainly involves the spring and summer sowing method, recorded selection method and the intercrossing selection method
為了選育新類型玉米雄性核不育系，提出了為玉米核不育性添加溫光敏感性的設想和選擇與鑒定相結合的策略，同時應用分期播種的方法為作物提供不同的生長和發育的環境條件，以鑒定玉米雄穗的育性變化和對不同環境條件溫光的反應.研究結果表明，春播環境下可鑒定和選擇玉米的不育性，夏播環境下可鑒定和選擇其溫光敏感性.針對玉米核不育性難以找到保持系的特性，結合兩種播期選擇兩種性狀.但春播環境下選擇的不育性群體難以通過選擇單株來保持其不育性，為記錄性群體選擇.通過從春播入選的雜合不育性優良株系群體轉移到其對應的夏播溫光敏感性入選的同一優良群體中進行優良單株選擇，能逐漸使不育性和溫光敏感性相結合而選育出純合溫光敏不育系.這種新的選擇程序主要包括應用分期播種法、記錄性選擇法和春夏兩季交叉式選擇法，使含有不育基因的可育株系逐步累積不育基因並增加了溫光敏感性而育成玉米溫光敏不育系( 2 ) it is the tactics of keeping the seed storehouse under the adverse environment that seed spreading has the dispersiveness of time, space heterogeneity of the seed spreading and the dormancy in summer, ( 3 ) the seed coat of lepidium pertoliatum l. and lepidium apetalum willd. make the seed bigger, which is useful to promote the seed sprouting and developing of seedling by absorbing the around moisture
具體表現為： （ 1 ）植物的生長發育以及植物的生長節律，均受到環境的影響； （ 2 ）種子的分批成熟，種子傳播具有空間隨機性以及種子具有夏季休眠的特性，都是種子在惡劣環境下保存種子庫的策略（ 3 ）抱莖獨行菜和獨行菜的種衣一方面可以使種子大粒化，另外還利於吸收水分有助於促進種子萌發和幼苗發育，這些對種群的延續具有重要的意義。Considering of the above advantages and the problem of water shortage, the area b should be adopted. ( 2 ) filtration irrigation accelerated the growth of the individual maize plants. the area b and c have good basement of photosynthesis and advantage of growth which was good for increasing the seeds > yield and photosynthesis, eventually to reach a high yield and high seed ratio
從葉位、全株葉面積和株高來看，滲灌b 、 c區較滲灌a和漫灌d都有良好的光合作用基礎和生長發育優勢，這種株型有利於籽粒產量的增加，群體光合作用增加，籽粒積累增加，最終的產量都達到10000kg hm ~ 2以上的高產量和81以上的出籽率。Of the species, . characters of ecology, reproductive biology, genetic diversity, population genetic structure, endangering mechanisms, and sampling strategy have been studied in view of conservation biology. the results may be summarized as follows : by field investigation, we found that the localities recorded for four specimens of d. versipellis and d. pleiantha had disappeared, and most of the present populations are located in protected subforests. the distributional range of d. versipellis has also been reduced greatly, evidently, the number of present populations has decreased, the resources are reduced sharply, and the species are clearly endangered
從保育生物學的角度，對八角蓮種群生態學和生物學特性、遺傳多樣性水平和遺傳結構、瀕危機制及保育取樣策略進行了研究，結果如下：通過野外調查發現，原標本記載的一些八角蓮和六角蓮種群已難以找到，該類群目前多分佈於自然保護區外圍次生林地帶，分佈范圍明顯縮小，現存群體的規模也明顯減少，資源量貧乏，物種處于瀕危狀況。Biodiversity exists among am fungi and is influenced by numerous factors including soil properties and plant species. if am fungi are to be used in sustainable agricultural systems it is necessary to study native am fungi in the target areas and then select efficient isolates that can be applied as inocula in the field to improve crop growth. the objectives of this study were to investigate the germplasm of am fungi, to understand the distribution pattern of am fungi in different ecological conditions such as area, soil factor and host plant, to select isolates effective in nutrient acquisition by the host plant sweet potato, to test their effectiveness under field conditions, and to monitor amf after their introduction into the field
本研究通過調查我國北方部分地區的am真菌資源，研究了am真菌的種群組成及其在空間、土壤利用方式和宿主植物類型等不同環境條件和空間尺度上的分佈規律；在此基礎上，根據它們對甘薯的生長、吸磷效應篩選出高效菌株，在大田條件下研究了am真菌菌絲的分佈特性、代謝活性及其對甘薯產量和品質的影響；並通過分子探針跟蹤調查了引入am真菌在共生體中的發育和表達，以期為菌根真菌的生產應用提供技術支持。It can be concluded from the experiment results that hatchery seed has lower genetic variation and large - scale hatchery seed releasing affects the genetic diversity of the natural population. the shrimp distributed along china coast in bohai sea and yellow sea may consist of more than one populations. the viral disease resistant ability of f. chinensis is proved to be genetically inherited and can be improved by genetic selection
一通過對實驗結果的進一步分析認為：中國對蝦人工育苗的過程使後代群體的遺傳多樣性下降，人工培育苗種的大規模放流影響了自然群體的遺傳多樣性； ，分佈於我國沿海的中國對蝦可能由多個自然群體構成，還存在未被發現的種質資源：中國對蝦抗wssv病毒感染是由遺傳決定的，選育可提高中國對蝦對wssv的抗性。Then the genetic distance and shannon information index among these 13 strains were obtained by using the software popgen2 on the basis of pcr - rflp patterns. the phylogenetic tree was constructed by using the upgma algorithm method ( mega2 software package ). the shannon information index indicated that there was a higher genetic diversity among the frankia strains and some strains had a big genetic distance with others
根據酶切圖譜，通過popgen2軟體計算各供試菌株之間的遺傳距離；用shannon信息指數計算種群遺傳多樣性；利用upgma法（ mega2軟體）對所獲得的遺傳距離矩陣進行聚類分析，得到13株供試frankia菌株間系統發育的聚類分析樹狀圖譜。In china, the development of social work is under an intangible tension that has been exerted by the diverse understandings between the three social work communities the social work educator community, the welfare administration manager community and the practical worker community
摘要中國的三大社會工作群體社會工作教育群體、福利行政管理群體和社區實務工作群體對中國社會工作不同的理解造成了一種無形的張力，中國的社會工作的發展就處于這種張力之下。The study of the statement and extant problems in china analyzes that although china possesses a unique and rich culture resources, the people has a low awareness of the protection of the culture resources ; the distribution of the culture resources lacks competition at the international level ; the irrational distribution of the culture resources restricts the development of the culture resources. based on the above - mentioned achievements, the paper states the categories of china ' s culture markets and its consumption groups. after illustrating the statement of the market capacity of china ' s culture industry by a model, the author points out that in spite of the fast development of china ' s culture markets, the course of its development, which moves along a horizon of low level balance between supply and demand, is in a state of non - symmetry and has structural conflictions
根據以上研究成果，本論文得出了以下基本結論：我國的文化消費由於收入水平的不同，不同的消費群體之間有著很大的差別，且區域間的文化消費不平衡，出現了由東向西的「擠壓傳遞放應」 ；我國文化產業的市場空間沒目前雖然發展很快，而且有著巨大的發展空間，但是在其發展過程中是一種低水平總體上的供求平衡，處于非對稱狀態，存在著結構性矛盾；我國居民在文教娛樂服務消費擴大的同時，其內部結構並不完全合理，這其中的消費，絕大部分是教育消費，而教育支出的過于龐大，實際上已經制約了居民的其它文化消費。Labor intensive industries adapting to local situation should be developed and enhanced, such as township enterprises, for providing off - farm opportunities to on - spot labor transferring, along with the rural industrialization and urbanization. at the same time, relevant departments should pay more attention on human resources investment, through enhancing farmers education and their quality for improving the capacities of farmers to choose and find jobs. another important solution is to organize the labor transferring, from transferring without plan and purposes to transferring with confirmed purposes, to increase the transferring efficient and transferring ratio
在以上分析的基礎上，提出本文的建議：應該大力發展和鞏固適應農村特點的勞動密集型二、三產業，尤其是鄉鎮企業，在推進農村工業化和城鎮化的同時，增加大量非農就業機會，促進勞動力的就地轉移；同時，從人力資本投資角度出發，通過多種多樣的形式，加強農民的教育，逐步提高農民的素質，幫助他們掌握一技之長，增強農村勞動力自主擇業和從業的能力；同樣重要的是，加強農村勞動力轉移的組織，從嘗試盲目的轉移到有目的的轉移，提高農村勞動力的轉移效率，從而促進轉移比例的提高；對于不同的社區，推進勞動力轉移的進程中，要注意對一些特殊群體? ?比如女性勞動力的轉移採取一系列的促進工作。But to day, china ' s social market economy has been making steady progress and has been consummating itself day by day, china had been more open to the world after it enter the wto ; the natural monopolization of domestic electric power industry has gradually been broken, electric power market booms, electric power diversified - managing companies, which are hypo genetic from the very beginning, has emerged many internal problems such as the indistinct property right., the unscientific section right frame, the invalid incentive system, the low production or service level, and the lack of competitive ability, and so on. if these problems were not solved properly, it will have much negative impact on not only the continuous development of electric power, but also the reform and development of the whole nation ' s electric power industry
但是，隨著我國社會主義市場經濟的進一步發展和完善，中國加入wto帶來國門的進一步打開；全國電力工業經營管理體制的自然壟斷性逐步被打破，電力市場化日趨明顯；電力多種經營企業這個先天發育不足群體，其內部的諸多問題如產權不明晰、股權結構不合理、治理結構不科學、激勵機制失效、產品（服務）檔次低下、缺乏市場競爭力等日漸顯現，這些問題如果不解決好，將不僅嚴重影響電力多種經營企業的持續發展，而且還將嚴重影響全國電力工業的改革和發展。分享友人