自方差 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zìfāngchā]
自方差
英文
autovariance-
And then facing the problem of the channel estimation of the adaptive modulation system, we conclude out the channel estimation algorithms on maximum likelihood ( ml ) estimation and maximum a posteriori ( map ) estimation under the condition of flat fading channel and selective fading channel in detail. to meet flat fading channel, we simulate the relationship of the ratio between the error covariance in map estimation and ml estimation and pilot symbol message length. the conclusion can be drawn from these results
接著，對自適應調制系統中的通道估計問題難點，詳細推導了平衰落通道條件下和選擇性衰落通道條件下最大似然（ ml ）估計和最大后驗概率（ map ）估計演算法，針對平衰落通道，我們模擬了map估計和ml估計的方差與導頻符號長度的關系，模擬結果表明，錯誤方差受多譜勒頻率的變化影響最大，並且對實際的自適應調制系統，導頻符號長度的取值超過20個符號長度時， map通道估計明顯優于ml通道估計。We will show that not any mean of the revenue rates of the industrial indexes is significantly beyond value zero at confident level 0. 90. moreover the mean of the revenue rate of sse 30 index is negative ( though not significant ). and the fact of " the heritage of variance " appears congruous to the feature of industries represented by the corresponding indexes
第二章，通過分析上海股市各分類指數的收益率序列的特徵，得出結論如下：各序列都非正態，有自相關性和異方差存在，相對適宜用garch （ 1 ， 1 ）來擬合；除了上證商業（ 1b0002 ） ，各分類指數收益率的均值在85的置信度下都不顯著地異於0 ，而上證30 （ 1b0007 ）的收益率竟小於0 ；在各分類指數中， 」波動繼承性」的結果和各分類指數對應行業的特徵是相關的。The mathematical statistics method and extrema variance clustering method can be used to visible automatic classifying and reading of logging curves. the lithofacies classifying program basing on multi - mineral model analysis presents a new method to analyze logging - facies and more accuracy and visualized logging facies section can be reached by using this method. in addition, it supplies reliable lithologic layering reference for search and evaluation of oil / gas caprock and it also made up for the high cost of core - drilling and the inaccuration between lithic fragment description and depth
採用基於「數理統計-極值方差聚類法」的面向對象可視化操作方法可有效地解決測井曲線的可視化自動分層取值問題；而基於多礦物模型分析的巖相劃分程序又提供了一種新的測井相分析方法，能得到更為準確直觀的測井相剖面，為尋找和評價油氣蓋層提供了可靠的巖性分層依據，同時彌補了鉆井取心費用高和錄井巖屑描述與深度有誤差的缺陷。A generalized minium variance pole assignment pid self - tuning controller can be used for the system with gentle time - varying delay. the controller algorithm is simplified. its effectiveness has been shown in many simulation uses
在考慮系統時滯特性的情況下，提出了適合一類時滯系統的廣義最小方差極點配置自校正控制器，並對控制器演算法進行了簡化，使該控制器簡單易行，適應性強，模擬結果表明它的有效性。Thus, it constituted from return to return the condition difference square number model
這樣就構成了自回歸條件異方差模型。Based on the rv - arma model, it is discussed that the persistence of conditional variances has a effect on capital asset pricing model ( capm ) from persistence viewpoint
在「已實現」波動自回歸移動平均模型基礎上，從條件方差持續性的角度，討論了條件方差的持續性對資產資本定價模型的影響。Backed up by the soplat theory based on particle kinematics, the second chapter of this paper presents with analysis and simulation of several single observer passive measurement models, which uses such relative movement parameters as bearings changing rates and centrifugal acceleration information on the basis of bearings measurements. in the third chapter, the observability of location respectively using bearings and its changing rates information and centrifugal acceleration information is analyzed, and its observable condition is got. the fourth chapter puts forward the modified covariance extended kalman filtering ( mvekf ) against the defect of traditional extended kalman filtering ( ekf ), whose performance is simultaneously compared in the chapter with the performance of ususal tracking algorithm such as ekf, mgekf, iekf by computer simulation
在近年來提出的基於質點運動學原理的單站無源定位理論基礎上，本文第二章提出了幾種在角度測量的基礎上增加角度變化率及相對運動的離心加速度等運動學參數的單站無源測量模型，並對它們進行了分析和模擬；第三章分別對利用角度及其變化率信息定位和利用離心加速度信息定位的可觀測性進行分析並得到了相應的可觀測條件；第四章針對傳統擴展卡爾曼（ ekf ）方法的缺點，提出了一種修正協方差的擴展卡爾曼濾波（ mvefk ）方法，並將其和ekf 、 mgekf 、 iekf等常用的單站無源定位濾波方法進行了性能模擬比較；第五章通過引入雷達機動目標跟蹤方法和模型，提出了利用角度及其變化率對機動輻射源跟蹤的多級噪聲自適應方法和imm方法；第六章主要對角度變化率和離心加速度參數的獲取技術進行了研究，提出了幾種高精度測量脈沖序列多普勒頻率變化率的方法。Markov chain monte carlo ( mcmc ) algorithms have achieved a considerable following in the statistics and econometrics literature in the last ten years. there has been considerable research on so - called generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic ( garch ) models for dealing with these methods since the remarkable works of chib and greenberg ( 1994 )
Mcmc演算法在近10年來越來越受到統計界與計量經濟界的廣泛重視，自從chib和greenberg （ 1994 ）開創性地提出了對arma模型的mcmc演算法后，國內外有許多學者開始對自回歸條件異方差模型的mcmc演算法進行了大量的研究。The signal process function of the software include these function : digital filter, windowing, auto - correlation function and cross - correlation function, mean and variance, probability density function and probability distribution function statistic ; auto - power spectrum, cross - power spectrum, frequency response function, coherence function, cepstrum analysis based on fft ( fast fourier transfer ) ; joint time - frequency analysis based on stft ( short - time fourier transfer )
軟體的處理功能包括：數字濾波、時域加窗、自相關與互相關處理、均值和方差計算、概率密度和概率分佈函數計算；在快速傅立葉變換（ fft ）基礎上計算自功率譜、互功率譜、頻率響應函數、相干函數、倒頻譜分析；基於短時傅立葉變換（ stft ）的聯合時頻分析等。Median filtering is chosen to modify the fuzzy edge by using the smoothing arithmetic, sobel operator is used to detect edge because of its filtering characteristic. image is changed from gray - scale to two - valued according to the threshold which is automaticly selected by otsu
選用中值濾波減小平滑演算法導致的邊緣模糊;利用有濾波特性的sobel運算元進行邊緣檢測;使用最大類間方差自動確定閾值，將灰度圖像轉化為二值圖像。The error is related to the two rank partial derivative of the flux function to each factor and the mean variance distribution of each factor on each grid point. the statistical - dynamical parameterization scheme involves the both conditions, therefore, it is more practical for the east china moist region than the mosaic method
另而自乞計一動刀寧腸則院含考慮了要紊的二階偏導數及其在網格元上的分佈的均方差，因而該方案比馬賽克法考慮更為周全（至少在東部涅潤區如此） 。Based on the classification of images, this paper gives out four digital image steganography techniques which have good conceal effect, including low - three - bits hiding strategy, odd - even of hypo - low bit hiding strategy, deviation of adjacent - field hiding strategy and self - adaptive deviation of adjacent - field hiding strategy. on digital watermarking aspect, this paper gives two blind watermarking strategies which have good conceal effect and high robustness, they are single - watermarking strategy based on minimal - value exchanging and multi - watermarking strategy which hides the same watermark copy on the different parts of an image
在對圖像進行了分類的基礎上，本文給出了四個具有較好掩密效果的數字圖像隱寫策略，包括低三位隱藏策略、次低位奇偶策略、鄰域方差策略和自適應鄰域方差策略；在數字水印方面，提出兩個掩密效果好且魯棒性較高的數字圖像盲水印策略，分別為基於最小值交換法的單一水印策略和嵌入同一水印多個副本的多水印策略。The fourth chapter " reseach on fractai structure of stock price " anaiyzed the fractai structure of stock price, deduced the investment function, caiculated the hurst exponent, 3 correlation dimension, and max lyaponov exponent, analyzed the self - similarity, long range dependence, circulation period of stock price and sensitivity of stock price to the initial value, suggested took the exponent characterize fractal instead of variance as instrument to measure risk
第四章分析並檢驗了股票市場的分形混沌特徵，推導了投資函數，計算了表徵股票市場分形特徵的hurst指數，關聯維和最大lyapunov指數，分析了股票價格的自相似性、長期記憶和循環周期，分析了股票價格的波動對初始條件的敏感性，提出中國股票市場具有混沌分形的特性，用傳統的方差法度量股票風險是無效的，必須使用混沌分析能夠理論來刻畫股票收益的風險，建立收益模型。Parametric active contour model to deal with automatic segmentation of weak edge medical image. based upon analyzing balloon force model, a minimum variation snake model is proposed and successfully applied to segmentation of weak edge medical image. in the model, variable force incorporating the information of foreground and background regions replaces constant force in the balloon snake model
高斯力和氣球力等傳統的參數活動輪廓模型難以處理弱邊界醫學圖像自動分割問題，在氣球力snake模型基礎上，提出最小方差snake模型，該模型將氣球力snake模型中的恆定氣球力修改為包含區域信息的變力，以目標和背景兩區域具有最小方差為準則，引導輪廓曲線運動。First, this paper gives an introduction of some methods of unequal probability sampling, their estimators and variance estimators, including sampling with pps with replacement, methods of sampling without replacement suggested by brewer, durbin, sampford, des raj, murthy, rao - hartley - cochran. then, at the basis of rao and bayless ' s study, we consider that population can be splited two random subpopulations, which are respectively drawn from different infinite super - populations, and compare the stabilities of estimators of the methods that given above. we find that the minor difference between two super - populations has great effect on the efficiency of the estimators for the population with moderately large coefficient of variation ( c. v. )
本文首先從理論上介紹了若干種不等概率抽樣方法，它們的估計量、估計量的方差及其估計，其中包括有放回ppz及pps抽樣，不放回不等概率抽樣中的brewer 、 durbin 、 sampford 、 desraj ， murthy 、 rao - hartley - cochran等人的方法；其次，在rao和bayless兩人就樣本單元數n = 2的情形對上述抽樣方法進行比較的基礎上，將總體隨機地分成兩個子總體，視每個子總體取自不同的線性超總體，在文中，我們利用計算機實現隨機分組，並通過畫圖比較各方法估計量的穩定性，結果表明，對變異系數c . v . （ x ）較大的總體而言，兩個超總體之間的微小差異將對估計量的穩定性產生很大的影響，從而說明rao和bayless的比較結果還不夠完善。Since 1960 ", the methods for charactering time - frequency stability in time - domain have been in progress. the methods include allan variance, modified allan variance, time variance, hardamard variance, total variance, time interval error ( tie ) and maximum time interval error ( mtie ), of which tie and mt1e are usually used for telecommunication network
自20世紀60年代以來，時間及頻率穩定度的表徵方法一直在不斷的發展，有阿侖方差、修正阿侖方差、時間方差、哈達瑪方差、總方差以及常用於電信網路的時間間隔誤差（ tie ）和最大時間間隔誤差（ mtie ） 。The article analyses whether the theory of emh market can explain some phenomena on capital market. we provide some evidence for the non - normal, non - gaussian distribution, auto - correlation, non - linear and heteroskedasticity character of stock price
文章就有效市場假說（ emh ）對現實資本市場的解釋能力進行了分析，發現我國股票市場的股價收益率序列具有非正態性、自相關性、非線性、異方差性等特點。This formula used inverse regression and data fusion technical and maximum likelihood theory, then this method enabled random sample value obtained in ultrasonic and rebound method of different detection population to mix together effectively, and reach estimation of concrete strength
該公式利用逆回歸理論、數據融合技術和最大似然原理，將回彈值和聲速值分別看作被解釋變量，將來自超聲法和回彈法不同量綱的檢測數據進行有效融合，得出混凝土強度的推定值，該推定結果具有無偏性和方差最小性質。Based on the rvarma model, the empirical analysis points out the facts that the conditional variances have a persistent effect on capital asset pricing in model with root
給出了基於「已實現」波動自回歸移動平均模型的實證分析，指出當模型具有單位根時條件方差對資產定價的影響是持續的。In operating process of systems, besides the external randoml disturbance from the, also influence also comes from inside as parameter changing, in order to cope with this two kinds of uncertainties, a minimization variance control strategy based on innovations is proposed rind the analytic solution of this suboptimal control is obtained in this paper
摘要系統在運行過程中，除了受到來自外界的隨機干擾外，還受到了諸如內部參數引起的不確定性的影響，為對付這兩種不確定性，採用雙態控制方法，提出了基於新息的最小方差控制策略，獲得了該次優控制律的解析解。分享友人