自由粒子 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [zìyóulìzi]
自由粒子
英文
free particle-
The coupling admixes the particle and collective degrees of freedom in such a manner as to partially transfer the one-particle transition strength onto the collective modes.
耦合使粒子和集體自由度按這樣的方式混合，即使單粒子躍遷強度部分地轉變到集體模式中。Of the eons of geological periods recorded in the stratifications of the earth : of the myriad minute entomological organic existences concealed in cavities of the earth, beneath removable stones, in hives and mounds, of microbes, germs, bacteria, bacilli, spermatozoa : of the incalculable trillions of billions of millions of imperceptible molecules contained by cohesion of molecular affinity in a single pinhead : of the universe of human serum constellated with red and white bodies, themselves universes of void space constellated with other bodies, each, in continuity, its universe of divisible component bodies of which each was again divisible in divisions of redivisible component bodies, dividends and divisors ever diminishing without actual division till, if the progress were carried far enough, nought nowhere was never reached
隱藏在大地的洞穴里和能移動的石頭底下蜂巢和土墩子中那無數微小的昆蟲類的有機生物：微生物病菌細菌桿菌精子憑著分子的親和之凝聚力而粘在一根針尖上那幾萬幾億幾兆個多不勝數肉眼看不到的微小顆粒人類的血漿是一個宇宙，群集著白血球和紅血球，每個血球又各自形成一個空虛的宇宙空間，群集著其他球體各個球體連續性地也是由可分割的構成體形成的宇宙，各個構成體又可以分割成為幾個能夠進一步分割的構成體。就這樣，分子與分母實際上在並未分割的情況下就不斷地減少了。如果這個過程延續到一定時候，就永遠在任何地方也不會達到零。While wanting to recombine, unbound electrons also lose some of their kinetic energy through inelastic collisions with other charged particles.
自由電子在復合之前，會與其它帶電粒子發生非彈性碰撞而損失其中一部分動能。In a three-body decay, the emerging particles have more freedom.
在三體衰變中，出現的產物粒子有較大的自由度。It is the main purpose of this paper to calculate the energy splitting of ground state and excited states induced by thermally assisted quantum tunneling. first, a brief introduction is given for the theoretical and experimental studies on the magnetic macroscopic quantum effects. then, spin tunneling in a uniaxial ferromagnetic particle in transverse magnetic field is converted to a pseudoparticle moving in effective double - well potential with the help of the effective potential description of quantum spin systems developed by ulyanov and zaslavskii. finally using the periodic instanton method we evaluate the transition amplitude, energy shift and prefactor of wkb exponential and the energy splitting of ground state and the tunneling rate for excited states induced by thermally assisted quantum tunneling are obtained
文章首先對磁性宏觀量子效應的理論和實驗方面作了簡單介紹，然後藉助于ulyanov和zaslavskii發展的一種等效勢描述方法，把外磁場沿難磁化軸方向時的自旋隧穿約化成在等效雙勢阱中運動的粒子，利用瞬子方法給出基態能級劈裂，最後利用周期瞬子方法分別計算了隧穿幅、能級移動以及wkb前因子，從而給出由於熱助量子隧穿引起的激發態的隧穿率。The machine can be used with all kinds of extruders. it can automatically carry plastic powder into the hopper of molding machine by means of a controller of material level, it can save your labor, and realize the safety and reliability
該產品可與各種規格的擠出機配套使用，使塑料粉末粒子從儲料箱自動送入料斗內，並由料位器控制加料循環，實現加料自動化，具有性能穩定，節省人力，安全可靠等特點。The study indicates that self - assembly monolayer membrane of au nanoparticle distributes as sub - monolayer. after au nanoparticles are assembled in multilayer, surface plasma resonance absorption peak got a red shift because of the polarizing effect of the surrounding media and the coupling effect of surface plasma waves between the next au nanoparticles
研究表明au納米粒子的自組裝單層薄膜呈亞單層分佈， au納米粒子組裝到多層復合薄膜中后，由於周圍介質的極化作用以及相鄰au納米粒子間的表面等離子體波的耦合作用，表面等離子共振吸收峰出現紅移和展寬。All these prevent the electrons and holes from continuing their steady motion as quasi-free particles, and introduce scattering.
所有這些影響都會妨礙電子和空穴去繼續它們作為準自由粒子的穩定運動，而引起散射。The urea - formaldehyde ( uf ) polymer / sio2 composite microspheres were prepared by polymerization - induced colloid aggregation ( pica ) method. the formation mechanism of composite microspheres is attributed to the fact that that urea and formaldehyde firstly undergo acid - catalyzed polymerization to form oligomers, and then the sol particles are adsorbed on the chain of oligomers by wan der walls force and hydrogen bonding. when the oligomers reach the critical chain length, they separate from solution due to phase separation
對復合微球形成機理的研究表明，尿素和甲醛在酸性條件下自身聚合可以形成高分子微球，在sio _ 2酸性溶膠中發生聚和反應時，隨著反應的進行，齊聚物不斷生成， sio _ 2膠體顆粒逐漸吸附在齊聚物分子鏈上，當聚合物鏈達到沉澱臨界鏈長時，由於相分離作用，從前驅物溶液中析出，同時sio _ 2膠體顆粒均勻的分佈在脲醛聚合物網路中，隨之沉澱出來，形成脲醛sio _ 2復合微球。Cosmic radiation is a naturally occurring ionising radiation that arises from outside the earth. it has two components, solar radiation from the sun and galactic radiation from outside the solar system. it primarily consists of particles such as protons, neutrons and a - particles
宇宙輻射是一種源自地球以外自然產生的致電離輻射，由太陽輻射和太陽系以外的銀河輻射組成，主要包含質子中子和粒子等微粒。The transverse expansion origins in early stages, but mainly develops and finishes during the late stage of the colliding. for those heavier particles, such as j /, e, and etc., becuase of their smaller hadronic cross section, they rarely participate the final state hadronic re - scattering, and depart the system much earlier. their transverse expansion maybe is the result of the cumulative collective effect during the early partonic stage
這種橫向擴張起源於碰撞的初始階段，但是主要是在碰撞的後期完成，而一些重的粒子，如j 、和，由於具有較小的強子散射截面，幾乎不參與末態強子的再散射，較早的離開碰撞系統，它們所表現出來的橫向擴張運動可能是來自碰撞初期部分子階段的部分子的集體效應的累積結果。The second aspect : from qgp kinetic equations with collision integrals, by using the relaxation time approximation, we calculate the distribution functions to the second order correction. we obtain the distribution functions for quarks ( and anti - quarks ) and gluons under perturbation of the fluctuation of the color field. then in the high - temperature - low - density area, we discuss the characteristics of the distribution functions, and use t hem to get the net baryon density and the energy density
第二，從有碰撞項的qgp動力論方程出發，忽略自旋，在色漲落擾動下，利用弛豫時間近似，得到夸克和膠子分佈函數的二級修正，通過數值分析重點討論了高溫低密情況下qgp中成分粒子分佈函數的特性，並且由分佈函數得到凈重子數密度和能量密度。Its spin “ axis ” can point in one of two directions, thereby encoding a bit, and can flip over, thereby performing a simple computational operation
粒子的自旋軸會指向兩個方向之一，因而記錄一個位元資訊，也可藉由翻轉而執行一個簡單的運算操作。It was the first extraterrestrial matter to be returned to earth by a spacecraft since the u. s. apollo and soviet luna missions brought back moon rocks in the 1970s
自上世紀70年代美國「阿波羅」號和前蘇聯「月球」號航天飛船帶回月球巖石採集樣本以來，這些太陽粒子是首批由太空飛船帶回地球的外星物質。For the transition induced by the asymmetric perturbations is double - direction, the particle number in the core state is always less half of the total particle number. so, from the point of view of average over time, it is a coexisting state of rotating and without rotating that is formed. this state which is in the josephson tunneling regime of the macroscopic quantum tunneling is a quantum self - trapping state
由於不對稱的微擾引起的躍遷是雙向的，使得核心態上的粒子數總是少於總粒子數的一半，因此從時間平均的角度看，形成的是旋轉的和不旋轉的態共存的狀態，而且處于宏觀量子隧穿的約瑟夫森隧穿區域中，是量子自束縛狀態。There are several ways to obtain the dbhf self - energy from the g matrix used before, such as a simple method, where the dirac structure of the nucleon self - energy is obtained from the momentum dependence of the single - particle energy, and a projection method. all of them have their drawbacks
通常的從動量依賴的單粒子能量中提取自能的辦法和投影方法都具有一定的局限性，最近，由schiller和muether發展了提取核子自能dirac結構的新方法，即把g矩陣分解為裸相互作用部分v和關聯效應部分g 。Ni - w - b - ptfe composite coating played a remarkable increase in wear resistance compared with ni - w - b and ni - w alloys because of the addition and self - lubricity of ptfe particle in deposit
由於pite粒子所具有的自潤滑性，在鍍層中加人iqte分散粒子后， ni wThe particle may have spin, an intrinsic quantity of angular momentum, in which case the relativity - violating behavior can depend on the size and orientation of the spin
粒子的內在角動量稱為自旋，相對論違逆的作用可能由自旋的大小與方向決定。Based on the researches of ancient world outlook and modern cosmology, it presented a new theory of general information, introduced the modelling method drawn general information from the narrow information. cosmic gene is the general information carried by the particles, decided mostly by physical canstants of the particles and related physicl laws, and may be discerned easily. life gene is the general information carried by four kinds of nucleotide, decided mostly by characterstic parameters of these nucleotides and related natural laws, and need continuing researches. finaly, the devlopments of cosmos and life obey all that the law of the unity of opposites
以60年代四大天文發現為例，介紹了由狹義信息導出廣義信息的模型擬合方法。宇宙基因是粒子所攜帶的廣義信息，主要由粒子基本特徵參量的取值和有關的物理定律來表徵，比較易於識別。生命基因是四種核苷酸所攜帶的廣義信息，主要由這些核苷酸特徵參量的取值和有關的自然定律來表徵，尚需作更加全面和深入的研究。分享友人