自由經濟體制 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zìyóujīngjìtǐzhì]
自由經濟體制 英文
free economic regime
  • 自 : Ⅰ代詞（自己） self; oneself; one s own Ⅱ副詞（自然;當然） certainly; of course; naturally; willin...
  • 由 : causereason
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 體 : 體構詞成分。
  • 制 : Ⅰ動詞1 （製造） make; manufacture 2 （擬訂; 規定） draw up; establish 3 （用強力約束; 限定; 管束...
  • 自由 : freedomliberty
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  1. The point analyses the composition and efficancy of the structure of corporate governance with the modern administration theory. lt systematically sets forth and compares the features and development of the structure of the corporate governance in chinese and western. by analyzing the present situation of our listing companies, it points out : " the internal control " can be considered the inevitable phenomenon, emerged in the period from the socialism planned economy to the market economy in china ' s state - owned enterprises. by the means of gathering a vast amount of data and analying cases and charts, it gives the conclutions : because the enterprise inform is progressed " step by step ", the internal controlling in our country has assumed its own features : the enterprise is in the concussion between the " super - powerful controp ' of external and the " super - weakly control " in internal. those popular phenomenon have been looked as the principle manifestation of " the internal control " which taking the national stock as the ma in part and holding the post of chainman of the board and the chief manager in company to the same man

    本文利用現代管理理論和現代企業理論來剖析公司治理結構的組成和效率體現，對中西方公司治理結構的特徵和歷史發展作了較系統的闡述和比較，並且運用大量的數據對我國上市公司治理結構進行了實證分析，指出： 「內部人控制」是在我國社會主義經濟向市場經濟轉軌時期，國有企業公司治理結構中出現的一種必然現象。本文在闡述公司治理結構特徵和功效的基礎上，通過大量數據的收集、案例分析和圖表處理來分析我國企業治理結構的歷史變遷並揭示出：由於我國企業改革是「漸進式」的， 「內部人控制」表現出其自身的特點：企業處于外部「超強控制」和「超弱控制」的兩極震蕩中。作為最具我國現代企業代表特徵的上市公司，因為以國家股為持股主體，董事長和總經理兩職兼任的現象甚為普遍而成為目前企業事實上的「內部人控制」的主要表現形式。
  2. Secondly, its content hasconflict with the system and it can make the system to a downfall. among the three characters. information organization is the most impotw andstable while benifit organization and control lbject embody the artificial operatingcharatel ii. fundamental causes of medium ' s industriazationwth the development of huznan societyindustry revolution happened in thewest accelerated society productivity and solved the technical obstacles of publicconununication meditun. bourgeois was becoming stronger and stronger andovercame feudality at last. wth the victory of bourgeois, market economy was devoloing quickly. thepublic communication medium of capitalism are now pursuing benefits bothobjectively and subjectively but it is impossible in the past and accomplished theprocess of early industriaiization. ' it is discussed from chinese public communication medium - - - - newspaper ' semergence, developing process and its sinuosityit comes to a conclusion that thefundarnental cause of the public communication medium is that benefit and controlinieract each other. that is to saywhen benefit is stronger control is weaker and viceversa. lll. the proccss of chincse mcdium and individual devclopmcntl. under the functions of intemal prusuing benefit desire and pursuing benefitcondition, it appeared the upsurge that newspapermen set up newspaper and new tvstation was set tip from l979 to l982. 2. the upsurge of a series of tv channel and enlargement in newspapel3. the cooperation of post and delivery and owning delivery also gives a rapiddevolopment to newspapers. 4. the strengthening of individual collectivization embodies that theindustrialization gets on a new stage. 5. the illtemational fimds also ellter into

    資產階級的勝利，市場經濟得以迅速發展，資產階級的大眾傳播業主完成了由過去不能追求、也沒有條件追求經濟利益而變成了主觀上努力追求，客觀條件上也能夠追求經濟利益的轉變，從而完成了大眾媒介最初的產業化過程。從中國大眾傳播媒介? ?報紙的產生，發展過程及其曲折等方面來論述，得出了大眾傳播媒介產業化的最根本動因就是利益和控制的互動，也就是說利益強時控制則弱化，當控制強時則利益弱化。三、中國大眾傳播媒介產業化進程和個體發展第一、在自身獲利慾望及外在獲利條件的雙重作用下，從1979年至1982發生了在報業的第一次辦報熱潮和發生在廣播業電視業的建臺熱。
  3. But the problems have also emerged as the activity of government procurement in china. so we should research on the intendance system of government procurement to ensure the validity of procure activity

    由於政府采購參與主體都是理性經濟人，它們都是自利的且具有有限理性和機會主義傾向，因此，政府采購活動需要有效的監督制度來規范。
  4. The apbf institution has business ability and policy information advantages in censoring, so the loan policy may have " inductive effect " on commercial financial organs ; ( 3 ) agriculture and rural economy are confronted with many puzzles and challenges, and the poor - quality condition of our agriculture has not changed for a long time. it can be explained that we have not made full use of our economic and financial instruments and that the scarcity of finances has been in such a high level. combined with policy and financing, apbf is the most suitable choice for government to protect agriculture ; ( 4 ) developing apbf is in need of deepening of the reform of financial system

    究其原因，外部在於農村經濟體制改革滯后、農村金融體制改革反復不定、對農業扶持和保護的力度不夠；內部在於制度上的缺陷所致：一是缺乏管理和運營的法律制度；二是在於對農業政策性金融的經營成果的計算和組織管理比較困難；三是由於農業政策性金融要代替商業金融對存在外部性的農業進行投資，這種業務在中國本來就是商業金融盡力迴避的困難工作；四是特殊的政策性制度設計導致農業政策性金融信貸資產風險大；五是自主經營權落實不夠。
  5. The second part analyses the reason of the complexity of national issue about the west : in economy, the reason that is economy among regions develops unbalance able and the national minority ca n ' t adapt the change of economic system very much, and the developing distance between national regions and coastal regions enlarges the estrangement which exists before and the national relationship is shocked by establishing socialism market economic system. in politics, the reason that is ill - considered national policies, unperfected national region self - control system, the effect and permeation of national and international hostile power. in culture, the reason that is the reverse effect of nationalism, the modernity of national traditional culture causes the complexity of national issue

    第二部分從三個方面分析了西部地區民族問題復雜性的原因：經濟上，是由於地區間經濟發展不平衡，經濟體制變化使少數民族表現出不適性，民族地區和沿海地區發展差距的擴大加深了原有的民族隔閡和猜忌，民族關系受到建設社會主義市場經濟體制的沖擊；政治上，是由於失誤的民族政策，民族區域自治制度不完善，國內外敵對勢力的影響、滲透等因素的作用；思想文化上，是由於民族主義的負面影響，民族傳統文化的現代化帶來民族問題的復雜性。
  6. Before reform and opening, because government integrates society highly, non - governmental organizations in our country were still in embryonic situation or could say that they did n ' t exist at all. but since reform and opening, with the gradual deepening development of political system and economic system, non - governmental organizations in our country develop rapidly, playing an important role in environmental protection, annihilating poverty and developing, social service, science, education, culture, sanitation and so on

    改革開放之前，由於國家對社會高度的垂直整合，我國的非政府組織還處于萌芽狀態之中或者說根本不存在；但自從改革開放以來，隨著我國政治和經濟體制改革的逐步深入，我國非政府組織獲得了飛速發展，在環境保護、扶貧開發、社會服務、科教文衛等方面發揮了十分重要的作用。
  7. Farmers cannot get the good seed which has high yield, high quality, high resistance. as socialist market economy is tending toward perfection, especially 《 plant new variety protection 》, 《 seed law 》 those polities are coming on, and foreign large seed companies are joining in after china enter wto in fear of the coming of our country ’ s agriculture protection period. therefore, the general adoption of the market principle of china ’ s seed industry speed up, and the challenge between seed companies become hot

    傳統種子業是由自給自足的非商品化產業過渡到計劃經濟體制下政府壟斷性的行業，此時期，新品種及配套的新技術得不到很好的應用，行業市場集中程度很低，農民（用戶）很大程度上得不到高產、優質、高抗的良種，隨著社會主義市場經濟的不斷完善成熟，特別是《植物新品種保護條例》 、 《種子法》等政策、法規的相繼出臺實施，更為重要的是中國加入wto后對我國農業保護期限的即將到來，國外種業巨頭伺機紛紛進入，加速了中國種子產業的市場化進程，種業企業的競爭日益加劇，同時為中國種子產業的規模化、產業化經營帶來了更多的機遇。
  8. Although the process of the implementation and enlargement of the independence right of running higher education institutions is very difficult and complicated, there still exist some alternative countermeasures for us to choose : firstly, we should realize that only when the enlargement of the independence of running higher education institutions adapts to the reform speed of political and economical system and the level of educational management and the relevant aspects are coordinated in the view of overall situation, can the independence of running higher education institutions be realized gradually ; secondly, there is an urgent need to transform the functional authority of the government by separatin

    三是完善高校內部的管理體制，逐步形成自主辦學的運行機制。本文對高校辦學自主權的基本觀點是，高校辦學自主權問題是一個綜合性問題。高校辦學自主權問題的產生是我國經濟體制轉軌后，我國高校發展過程中所必須面臨的一個問題，借鑒發達國家在解塊這一問題上的成功經驗，並結合我國政治體制改革的具體進程，是最終落實我國高校辦學自主權的必由之路。
  9. However, in view of the legacy of system it has inherited, being eager to stabilize the political order, and the urgent need to resume and develop the economic construction, and the plan system carried out for a long time so that the higher education and national political and economical system formed a coupling body of same quality, resulting in noumenon deficiency, subject diasterna and position transferred passively

    然而，鑒於它所繼承的制度遺產以及急於穩定政治秩序、恢復和發展經濟建設的迫切需要，長期執行的計劃體制使高等教育與國家政治經濟體制構成同質耦合體，造成了高等教育的本體缺失、主體虛位和地位讓渡。尤其是面臨市場經濟體制和知識社會以及由此而導致的大眾化發展趨勢的挑戰，又出現了與其自身自主發展和健康發展不相適應的失范現象。
  10. Besides, the electric power industry is a special industry, and some of its important sectors are in natural monopoly because of the characteristic of the network, which determines the government must supervise the electric power industry on price, entry, service and etc. because of the gradualness of the electric power reform and the limit of the inertia of original plan economy system, the new - type electric power supervisory system that meets the requirement of the market economy at present has not been set up yet in our country

    電力產業又是一個特殊的行業，它的一些重要環節因網路特徵明顯而具有自然壟斷性，這決定了政府必須對電力產業進行監管。盡管經歷了20多年開放和引入競爭的電力體制改革實踐，並於2003年3月成了國家電力監管委員會，但由於受電力體制改革的漸進性以及原有計劃經濟體制慣性的限制，監管改革進度緩慢，監管機構、監管職能、監管方式改進尚不明朗，我國目前符合市場經濟要求的新型電力監管體系尚未真正建立。
  11. With the reform of the economic system in the cities and the countryside, great changes have happened to social industrial system and employment system, which has resulted in the variation of the overall social system, the pluralism of social resources and interests, both of which are waiting for redistribution

    自此，法院工作走上依法辦案的正常軌道。隨著城鄉經濟體制改革的進行，社會產生產業結構、職業結構發生重大轉變，由此導致整個社會結構發生了變遷。社會資源、利益呈多元化，變動不居，面臨重新分配。
  12. This paper begins from the function of trade union, looking back to the mode of trade union from the planned economic period to market economic period. that is from the traditional mode of production and guard to the new mode of guard stressed. and elaborates the current situation in which the trade union gives play to the function of guard ; analyzing the elements that affected the elaboration of its function, including some systematic reasons, some unfavorable factors lying in itself, the imperfect related labor laws which protect labors and so on ; finally giving some suggestions that strengthen the function of trade union, that is harmonizing the relations among trade union and government and party, reforming and perfecting the trade union, making the legislative guarantee for union ' s function, which includes the modification and perfection of related laws which protect labors and the enhancement of enforcing the law

    本課題首先從工會的職能入手，回顧了我國工會組織在計劃經濟體制向市場經濟體制轉型中工會模式的轉變歷程，即由「生產和維護」的傳統二元主義職能模式向「突出維護」的新功能模式;闡述當前工會發揮維權不力的現狀;分析了影響工會發揮維護職能的因素，即制約工會維護職能發揮的制度性因素，工會組織自身存在不利於維權的因素，及現有維護勞動者權益的相關法律的不健全等;最後提出了強化工會維護職能的對策，即協調工會與黨、政的關系，加強工會自身的改革與建設，完善立法，為工會發揮維護職能構建法制保障，包括《工會法》 、 《勞動法》等保護勞動者權益的相關法律的修改和完善，及勞動執法的加強等。
  13. Part iii : the author analyses the modes of separating and combi - nating from fairness, right, result, safety, cost and so on, using the glass - steagall act and financial services modernization act of 1999 including their favourite operating modes. in this part, the author refute the grounds for separating, so as to advocate a policy of combinating

    該部分以美國《格拉斯? ?斯蒂格爾法》 、 《金融服務現代化法》及其各自確立的分業體制、混業體制為主線，運用法律的經濟分析和經濟的法律分析方法，對分業經營理由進行駁斥、反思，旨在主張混業體制；第四部分：根據中國的實情對銀行經營體制的未來取向加以設想和思考。
  14. The development of northeast asia ' s international co - operation in ecomony has been advancing slowly on acconnt of various impediments. however, in recent years, confronted with the trend of regionalization and integration of world economy, the countries in this region, one ofter another adjusted their internal and external polices to improve economical co - operation with any other countries so as to implement the strategies of further developing the national economy. as a result, this co - operation is moving more and more towards a desirable orientation. nevertheless, it has to be pointed out that all the impediments mentioned above which will not be removed in a short passage of time, will restrict the international economic co - operation in an all - round way. the key to the development of northeast asia ' s international economic co - operation is that subregional co - operation will promote regional co - operation, and multilateral and one - iterm co - coperation will promote multilateral and all - round co - operation

    受多種因素的制約，東北亞區域經濟合作發展一直較為緩慢，近年來在世界經濟區域集團化和一體化浪潮的強勁推動下，東北亞各國紛紛調整內外政策，把加強同本區域內其他國家間的經濟合作作為促進自身經濟發展的重要戰略選擇，這使東北亞區域經濟合作日益朝著樂觀的方向發展，但由於種種制約因素無法在短時間內根本消除，東北亞全區域和全面性的經濟合作還無法展開，以次區域合作帶動全區域合作、以多邊單項合作帶動多邊全面合作乃是東北亞區域經濟合作發展進程的基本脈絡。
  15. Their purpose is to improve the development of the third - part logistics. but we know that in our country, for the influence of the planned economic management system, the management idea in the corporation, the interior management system of the corporation, the interior resources of the corporation are all needed to be innovated

    但在我國，由於計劃經濟管理體制的遺跡影響、市場經濟體制尚未健全，企業的管理觀念尚待更新、管理機制尚待完善、自備資源尚待整合，要求企業學習並搬抄國外的物流發展模式是缺乏實踐可操作性的。
  16. Concerned the 5 points of market economy, author point out that it ' s very difficult for chinese corporations to satisfy points 2 and 3. in fact, point 2 imposes an accounting standard higher than that of economy country, and in china on transformation from centrally planned economy to market economy, it ' s inevitable for an enterprise ' s production costs and financial situation be sisnificantly distorted, which is originating from non - market economy

    作者論述了歐盟針對我國的市場經濟五條標準中我國難于達到其中第二及第三條：第二條對中國提出了高於市場經濟國家的會計標準要求；第三條則是我國在由計劃經濟向市場經濟轉軌過程中難以避免使企業的生產成本和財務狀況不受到源自非市場經濟體制的明顯扭曲。
  17. Finally, these departments ca n ' t establish the information system and logistic system which can quick respond to the customers relate to cost. quality deliverable our country economy system is changing, it is changing from socialism planning economy to market economy. it is very important for us to research the supply chain management, we can learn from the foreign country " s enterprise practice. our goal of use of scm is controlling inventory, improving supply quality and strengthening the competitive capability

    我國航空企業特別是材料采購在傳統計劃體制與運作模式下，多數是自成一個封閉系統，不重視對供應鏈的管理；製造商、供應商和經銷商缺乏長期合作的戰略夥伴關系，相互之間缺乏以信任和共同獲利為基礎的價值鏈，沒有形成滿足顧客在成本、質量、交貨時間等方面的要求而反映敏捷的物流和信息流。我國正在由計劃經濟體制向市場經濟體制轉變，研究國外近來發展迅速的供應鏈管理理論與方法並應用於gj航空公司的實際，對控制庫存、提高服務水平、增強市場競爭能力，有重要的現實意義。
  18. China ' s petroleum enterprises have been experiencing market - oriented reform for more than years. because of the inertia ! effect of planning economic system, however, the market conduct of china ' s petroleum enterprises has a strong characteristic of " transitional period ", which leads to lack of the ability of enterprises " self - organization and highly governmental regulation

    中國石油企業已經歷了20多年市場化取向的改革實踐和探討，但由於長期計劃經濟體制運作下的慣性作用，其市場行為實質還具有很強的「過渡性」色彩，政府高度規制、企業自組織力量不足是市場行為的基本表現。
  19. With the rapid development of international trade, and the accelerated process of economic globalization, especially in view of the evolution of gatt, which was established after the 2nd world war, to wto, the international customs value evaluation policy, which co - exists with world trade activities, has also experienced an eventful development process : from separation and independence to coordination and unification ; from self - centered to regional alignment ; from the " proposals " in principle as stipulated by article 7 of gatt 1947 to individual actions by major economies of the world ; from dispute and frictions to coordination and alignment ; from the relatively independent " code " at tokyo round to the one concord of the wto system

    伴隨著世界貿易的迅猛發展、經濟全球化進程的加快，特別是二戰后gatt的建立、發展到wto的形成，與國際貿易共生的國際海關估價制度也經歷了由分散獨立到協調統一的的曲折的發展過程：從各自為政到地區間的協調，從gatt1947第七條的原則性「倡議」到世界各主要經濟體各行其是，從分歧摩擦到協調統一，從東京回合具相對獨立性的「守則」 （ code ）到wto體系的一項協定。
  20. As the transition begans, for institution and structure reasons, the property competition capacity dropped, and problems as the low market degree showed off, the economy development slumped into stasis period

    但自從我國經濟轉軌開始之後，由於體制和結構等原因，產業競爭力下降，市場化程度不高等問題日益凸現，自身經濟也陷入相對停滯時期。
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