自由自航法 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [zìyóuzìhángfǎ]
自由自航法 英文
free self-propulsion method
  • 自 : Ⅰ代詞（自己） self; oneself; one s own Ⅱ副詞（自然;當然） certainly; of course; naturally; willin...
  • 由 : causereason
  • 航 : Ⅰ名詞（船） boat; shipⅡ動詞（航行） navigate （by water or air）; sail
  • 法 : Ⅰ名詞1 （由國家制定或認可的行為規則的總稱） law 2 （方法; 方式） way; method; mode; means 3 （標...
  • 自由 : freedomliberty
  1. Disigning coolant channel on the firebox of liquid rocket engine to loxodrome ( equal - angle helix ) groove can improve firebox coolant capability greatly. because the width dimension of loxodrome groove is narrow and the depth is deep, some machining methods are incapable, such as end - milling or electrochemistry. according to the peculiarities, a cnc disk - cutter - milling method which is composed of five motion axes with four simultaneously interpolated ones is researched. because most firebox generatrix is composed of complex curves, it is very difficult to get cnc cutting program with manual means. in order to deal with the problem, the loxodrome mathematics model is studied, and an auto - programming software system is developed. the software system can generate cnc cutting program of loxodrome on many kinds of turned surface. the constriction - distension segment of firebox is the most representative workpiece. the sharp changing of its generatrix slope makes loxodrome milling difficult. with the theory analyzing and practice cutting experiment, some applied techniques, which include milling mode and direction, choosing cutter diameter and cutting start point setting, are developed. adopting the technology above, tens regular workpiece have been manufacturing. the two - year manufacture practice has confirmed the validity and feasibility of developed loxodrome coolant channel milling method. the developed technology is also worth to be referenced to other similar workpiece

    將液體火箭發動機燃燒室的冷卻通道設計為斜航線（等傾角螺旋線）槽形，可以大幅度改善燃燒室的冷卻性能.斜航線冷卻槽的槽寬尺寸較小而槽深尺寸較大，所以無法使用棒銑刀銑削、電化學等加工方式.針對這些特點，提出了五軸控制、四軸聯動的數控片銑刀銑削加工方法.由於燃燒室外表面的母線輪廓復雜，手工編制數控加工程序難度大.為了解決數控加工程序的編制問題，研究了斜航線的數學模型，開發了自動編程軟體系統.使用該系統，可以生成多種母線輪廓回轉體外表面上的斜航線數控加工程序.燃燒室收斂-擴張段的母線斜率變化大，加工難度大，是斜航線冷卻通道加工的最典型工件.經過理論分析和實際切削實驗，研究了針對該類型工件的片銑刀直徑選擇、銑削方式和方向、刀具調整和起刀點的設置等多項實際的加工方案.採用上述的一系列技術，已經成功地加工了數十個合格工件.經過兩年多的實際生產過程應用，驗證了所開發的斜航線冷卻通道加工方法的正確性和可行性.這些加工技術的研製成功，對其他相似類型零件的加工亦具有參考意義
  2. In this paper, the main research works are as follows : 1 ) survey and analysis previous work in auv navigation and summarize : as the cumulate error, the dead - reckoning and inertial navigation systems ca n ' t be used without other modified system ; the acoustic navigation system is used only in small range, and is very expensive. 2 ) two important approaches in geophysical navigation techniques are summarized, one is terrain contour based navigation, this approach is investigated keystone today ; the other is image based navigation, due to no perfect image sensors and image seabed map, this approach has seldom been practised. 3 ) two important terrain contour based navigation algorithms has been applied to auv, one is match algorithm - based terrain contour match ( tercom ) ; the other is kalman filter - based sandia inertia terrain - aided navigation ( sitan )

    主要研究內容包括：一、總結分析了當前水下導航的常用方法和不足之處，指出基於航位推算的導航方法，存在著最大的問題就是導航誤差的積累問題，如果沒有修正系統，這種方法很難滿足使用要求；其次指出基於聲學的導航方法，造價昂貴，導航范圍有限，難以滿足自主水下航行器大范圍導航的需求；二、總結了當前水下地形輔助導航的主要技術路線，一是基於地形高程的匹配方法，這是當前研究的重點；二是基於地形圖像的匹配方法，由於缺乏良好的圖像傳感器，和可用的海底圖像地圖，目前這種方法還有待研究發展；三、將兩種地形高程匹配的常用方法應用到自主水下航行器上：以相關演算法為前提的地形輪廓匹配（ tercom ）方法和以卡爾曼濾波為基礎的桑迪亞慣性地形輔助導航（ sitan ）方法，前者演算法簡單可靠，但是導航精度不高，後者雖然精度比較高，但存在著演算法較為復雜、有可能發散和出現奇異值等問題。
  3. In the case of a voyage policy, the adventure insured must be prosecuted throughout its course with reasonable dispatch, and, if without lawful excuse it is not so prosecuted, the insurer is discharged from liability as from the time when the delay became unreasonable

    在航次保險單的情況下，承保航程在整個過程中必須合理迅速地完成，如果不能如此完成又無合法的理由，保險人自延遲成為不合理之時起解除責任。
  4. In the case of a voyage policy, the adventure insured must be prosecuted throughout its course with reasonable despatch, and, if without lawful excuse it is not so prosecuted, the insurer is discharged from liabibility as from the time when the delay became unreasonable

    在航次保險單的情況下，承保的冒險在整個過程中，必須合理迅速地持續進行，若無合法的理由，而未能如此繼續進行，保險人自遲延變得不合理之時起免除責任。
  5. On account of the uncertainty existing in the nonlinear ship responded model, we design a dynamic adaptive ship steering controller by using adaptive backstepping. after deducing the update law of the unknown constant, we choose the controller gains to guarantee the closed loop system and the control signal global boundedness

    由於船舶非線性響應模型中含有未知常參數的不確定項，因此採用自適應backstepping的方法，選擇參數自適應調節律，設計動態的船舶航向控制器，實現在線控制。
  6. Since its grand opening, the hong kong science museum has attracted close to 10 million patrons. many popular exhibitions like " dinosaurs alive ", " prehistoric giants ", " ancient chinese astronomy exhibition ", and " exhibition on chinas first manned space mission " were launched. in 2002, the museum took the lead to combine science with chinese literature in conceiving and producing the " flowers in the mirrors " exhibition which was well received by local citizens and was roved to singapore and france for display. in addition, around half of the exhibits inside the permanent exhibition halls have been renewed since its opening

    香港科學館自開館以來，已吸引近一千萬人次參觀，並為觀眾帶來多個受歡迎的展覽，包括恐洪荒巨獸中國古天文成就展中國首次載人航天飛行展等。在2002年，科學館更首次結合科技和中國小說創作了鏡花緣展覽，除受到本港市民歡迎外，展覽更先後到新加坡及法國等國家展出。而常設展覽廳內的展品亦不斷更新，由開館至今已有約一半的展品換上新的內容。
  7. The course of the american ship of state was charted by the constitution; since then, many pilots have taken the steering well.

    美國之舟的航向是由憲法確定的；自那時以來，許多舵手很好地掌握航向。
  8. The site lies under the reentry path of the shenzhou, and because the craft ' s orbit has a different inclination than the international space station ' s, the namibian base could not be used to track flights returning from there

    神舟五號返回地面時將飛越此處，由於它與國際太空站的軌道傾角不同，因此納米比亞追蹤站無法控管自國際太空站返航的太空船。
  9. Based on mark line recognition navigation, it becomes a main research direction because it has more merits than other visual navigation methods, such as easy setting up and changing of mark line, low technical cost and so on. meanwhile, it can quickly process the images and has a good performance of real - time control

    標識線導航，由於引導路徑的設置和變更相對容易、技術成本和費用低，並且與其它視覺方法如三維視覺識別技術相比，圖像的處理速度快，控制實時性較好，因而成為自動引導車導航的一個主要發展方向。
  10. This research project, based on the existing problems in mathematics curriculum evaluation and the conceptions of mathematics curriculum as the guideline, systematically analyzes the basic characteristics of the developmental evaluation, i. e. multi - dimensional, formative, developmental, understanding and inspiring. drawing on the modern mathematics conceptions, multi - intelligence theory and theories of constructivism, this project systemically illustrated the connotation of the developmental evaluation : the key of evaluation is for application ; the goal is multi - dimensional ; the process is context - dependent ; the outcome is to promote the development. in view of the conceptions of developmental evaluation ( i. e. human - centered whole evaluation ; quality - focused overall evaluation ; participation - stressed autonomous evaluation ; future - faced evaluation ; guiding evaluation and inspiring evaluation ), the components of the developmental evaluation model in the new mathematics curriculum is analyzed in details in this project ( i. e. goal system, subject system and object system ) and the core structure of the developmental evaluation is established ( i. e. evaluation indicator system model )

    本課題研究以數學課程評價的現存問題為著手點，以數學課程理念為目標指向，系統分析了數學新課程發展性評價的多元性、形成性、發展性、理解性、激勵性等基本特徵;以現代數學觀、多元智力理論、建構主義理論以及成功智力理論為理論背景，系統闡述了數學新課程發展性評價之意蘊?評價核心聚焦應用，評價目標指向多元，評價過程依存情境，評價結果歸依發展;以數學新課程發展性評價理念，即以人為本的全體性評價、注重素質的全面性評價、注重參與的自主性評價、促進完善的引導性評價、不斷進取的激勵性評價、面向未來的期望性評價為航標，深入剖析了數學新課程發展性評價模式的構成成分，即目標系統、主體系統和客體系統，由此構建發展性評價模式的核心圖式?評價指標體系的模式:以數學新課程發展性評價過程為參照，尋求並創設評價準則的設計技術，評價權重的構造技術，評價信息的收集技術，評價結果的分析與處理技術;以數學新課程評價系統內蘊的一般認識論、發生認識論與發展認識論指導評價方法，詳細探討了檔案袋法、表現性評價、自我評價與同伴評定相結合的方法、蘇格拉底式研討評定和測驗法在評價中的應用。
  11. The algorithm of strapdown inertial navigation system is also discussed and then use the flight - track generator to give a simulation, since a closed loop feedback integrated navigation system is designed in this paper, and the output of the filter must feed back to the strapdown inertial navigation system, the analysis of the algorithm in strapdown inertial navigation system is important. the scheme to design the trajectory of gps and the simulation of gps constellation are then studied, the simulation of gps constellation is given from the calculation of vernal equinox base on the principle of celestial mechanics, this method of different from other methods given by other paper and is useful to the research of satellite navigation system. a new method to abstract noise modal in integrated navigation system is proved to be useful in practice, this method, which is given by use the principles of stochastic processes, statistics, time series analysis, and system identification, is suitable for the kalman filter in integrated navigation system

    如航跡產生器的設計，該航跡產生器是研究組合導航問題的前提，從國外一些研究組合導航系統的文獻中可以看出，設計這樣一個航跡產生器是非常必要的，所以本文自行設計了這樣一個系統；還討論了捷聯慣性導航系統中捷聯解算的方法，並進行了模擬研究，由於在本文設計的閉環反饋式組合導航系統中，對捷聯慣導系統的平臺誤差進行閉環控制，需要將濾波器輸出的校正量反饋到捷聯解算內部，所以必須對捷聯解算進行深入的研究和分析，更何況捷聯解算問題本身也是導航界的一個熱門研究課題；另外，本文還介紹了gps軌道及其星座模擬的設計思想和方案，與以往gps軌道和星座模擬不同的是本文從天體力學中計算春分點開始，逐步進行gps軌道及其星座模擬，這樣的設計方法對從事衛星導航的研究工作是有價值的；還對組合導航中誤差建模方法進行了研究，綜合運用隨機過程、概率統計、時序分析及系統辯識等方面的理論提出了一套適合組合導航卡爾曼濾波的誤差建模方法，並運用實際研究工作中的測量數據對該方法進行了驗證。
  12. Because of the rotation and revolution of the earth and the moon, and the variety of opposite geography position between lunar rover and earth station brought by them, sometimes the lunar rover will be placed in district which is beyond control of the earth station, so the wandering explorer make use of the metering equipment that the itself takes to carry on control and navigation independently have already become an important development direction

    月球車通常藉助地面站通過無線電測控進行導航控制，但由於地球和月球自轉和公轉運動及所帶來的地面站和漫遊車相對地理位置的變化等，有時月球車會處于地面站無法測控的區域內，因此漫遊車利用自身或者著陸器攜帶的測量設備進行自主導航控制已經成為重要的發展方向。
  13. Traditional inertial mechanized - platform uses velocities to damp the system attitude to improve the precision of attitude, when the system acceleration is small. referring to the idea, this paper designeda damp kalman filter in strap - down attitude heading reference system ( ahrs ). the new method makes use of 3 - d accelerometer ' s measurements to estimate the system attitude, which is measured to compensate attitude errors. because the acceleration affected the precision of fiher directly, the fuzzy adaptive system was presented. the fuzzy logic inputs are three accelerations and the output is to control the measurement noise covariance matrix. simulations and experimental results prove that the damp algorithm can damp most of schuler oscillation and foucauh oscillation, so that to assure the filter convergence and efficiently improve the precision of strap - down ahrs

    在系統機動性不強的情況下，傳統的平臺內阻尼演算法將系統本身的速度信息通過阻尼網路加到系統中，達到提高姿態角精度的目的.將這種平臺內阻尼的思想引入到捷聯慣性航姿系統中，在系統加速度較小的情況下，利用加速度計的輸出估計系統姿態角，通過卡爾曼濾波的形式補償系統姿態誤差.由於加速度的大小直接影響濾波器精度，本文設計了模糊自適應卡爾曼濾波演算法，根據三軸加速度計的輸出調整內阻尼量測誤差方差陣，從而避免了濾波器的發散.模擬和實驗驗證，內阻尼演算法可明顯抑制舒勒周期振蕩和傅科周期振蕩，避免了系統姿態漂移，有效提高了捷聯慣性航姿系統的精度
  14. The applications field of fgm include aerospace, electron, chemistry, biology and medicine fields ; the composition change also from metal / ceramic to metal / metal, metal / alloy, non - metal / non - metal and non - metal / ceramic. moreover, various methods including powder metallurgy, self - propagating high - temperature synthesis ( shs ), chemical and physical vapor deposition ( cvd and pvd ), electrodeposition, laser cladding method, plasma sputtering and sol - gel method have been studed. metal organic chemical vapor deposition ( mocvd ), using chemical vapor deposition of metal organic compounds, is an effective method for acquiring special function materials and membrane

    功能梯度材料是21世紀最有發展前景的新型材料之一，其用途已由原來的宇航工業，擴大到核能源、電子、化學、生物醫學等領域；其組成也由金屬?陶瓷發展成為金屬?金屬、金屬?合金、非金屬?非金屬、非金屬?陶瓷等多種組合；其制備方法主要包括粉末冶金法，自蔓延高溫合成法（ shs ） 、氣相沉積法（ cvd和pvd ） 、電沉積法，激光熔覆法，溶膠?凝膠法（ sol - gel ）等。
  15. In the management of city transportation, navigation of satellite cannot meet the practical requirement because of shielding and interfering of satellite signal. therefore, map matching and dead - reckoning ( dr ) is used to assistant navigation. this combination is defined as gps / dr integrated navigation system, in which the map matching is used for correcting the orientation and distance errors of dr

    而在城市交通管理的應用中，由於衛星定位信號經常會受到建築物的遮擋和干擾，衛星定位無法滿足導航的實際要求，通常需用地圖匹配和航位推算器（ dead - reckoning ， dr ）的方法進行輔助導航，這種導航方式稱為組合導航系統，其中地圖匹配可用來修正dr的方向和距離的系統誤差，以便在衛星信號失鎖時，提高dr自主定位的精度。
  16. Finally, these departments ca n ' t establish the information system and logistic system which can quick respond to the customers relate to cost. quality deliverable our country economy system is changing, it is changing from socialism planning economy to market economy. it is very important for us to research the supply chain management, we can learn from the foreign country " s enterprise practice. our goal of use of scm is controlling inventory, improving supply quality and strengthening the competitive capability

    我國航空企業特別是材料采購在傳統計劃體制與運作模式下，多數是自成一個封閉系統，不重視對供應鏈的管理；製造商、供應商和經銷商缺乏長期合作的戰略夥伴關系，相互之間缺乏以信任和共同獲利為基礎的價值鏈，沒有形成滿足顧客在成本、質量、交貨時間等方面的要求而反映敏捷的物流和信息流。我國正在由計劃經濟體制向市場經濟體制轉變，研究國外近來發展迅速的供應鏈管理理論與方法並應用於gj航空公司的實際，對控制庫存、提高服務水平、增強市場競爭能力，有重要的現實意義。
  17. Jazz okeswoman manon stewart said that with 30 minutes of the flight to go, the pilot went to the washroom, leaving the first officer in charge

    爵士航空公司一位名叫曼儂?斯圖亞特的女發言人的說法，在該航班還有30分鐘就要降落的時候，那位飛行員在將駕駛任務交由自己的副手負責后便起身前往洗手間。
  18. Jazz spokeswoman manon stewart said that with 30 minutes of the flight to go, the pilot went to the washroom, leaving the first officer in charge

    爵士航空公司一位名叫曼儂?斯圖亞特的女發言人的說法，在該航班還有30分鐘就要降落的時候，那位飛行員在將駕駛任務交由自己的副手負責后便起身前往洗手間。
  19. Jazz spokeswoman manon stewart said that with 30 minutes of the flight to go, the pilot went to the washroom, leaving the first officer in charge. but when he tried to get back into the cockpit, the door would not open

    爵士航空公司一位名叫曼儂斯圖亞特的女發言人的說法，在該航班還有30分鐘就要降落的時候，那位飛行員在將駕駛任務交由自己的副手負責后便起身前往洗手間。
  20. Finally, based on the observability analysis and error analysis, two autonomous navigation schemes for encounter phase are respectively proposed in detail. monte carlo simulations are done for the two schemes. by analyzing and comparing the simulation results, we can get the conclusion that, under the accuracy conditions provided by the instruments in existence, the position estimation accuracy for probe encountering object celestial body is 0. 42km and 0. 04km, which demonstrate the feasibility of the two navigation schemes

    最後，在可觀性分析和誤差分析的基礎上，分別給出基於圖像測量的自主導航方法和基於視線方向及夾角測量的自主導航方法，並對這兩種方法進行蒙特卡羅數值模擬，通過對模擬結果的分析和比較，在現有儀器的測量精度下，探測器在與目標天體交會時刻的位置估計精度分別是0 . 42km和0 . 04km ，由此表明兩種自主導航方案都是可行的。
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