花發端 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [huāfāduān]
花發端
英文
floral apices-
Before anthesis wall of egg apparatus is complete ; most part of egg wall at the chalazal end disappears at the day of anthesis ; after frtilization ( 20h after pollinating ) egg wall becomes intact. the results suggest that rebuilding of wall is one of the early cytological events during fertilization
結果表明，開花前藍豬耳的卵細胞的胞壁是完整的；開花時胚囊已發育成熟，此時卵細胞在合點端部分區域是裸的；受精后（大約授粉后20小時）卵細胞的胞壁恢復完整。This article reviews the recent research advances of floral formation ( including floral induction, identification of inflorescence, floral evocation and floral morphogenesis ) in plants ( taking example by arabidopsis and antirrhinum )
摘要以擬南芥、金魚草為例，介紹了近幾年植物成花（包括成花誘導、花序分生組織的組成、花發端、花器官發生及發育）研究的一些進展。The various colours significant of various degrees of vitality white, yellow, crimson, vermilion, cinnabar : their degrees of brilliancy : their magnitudes revealed up to and including the 7th : their positions : the waggoner s star : walsingham way : the chariot of david : the annular cinctures of saturn : the condensation of spiral nebulae into suns : the interdependent gyrations of double suns : the independent synchronous discoveries of galileo, simon marius, piazzi, le verrier, herschel, galle : the systematisations attempted by bode and kepler of cubes of distances and squares of times of revolution : the almost infinite compressibility of hirsute comets and their vast elliptical egressive and reentrant orbits from perihelion to aphelion : the sidereal origin of meteoric stones : the libyan floods on mars about the period of the birth of the younger astroscopist : the annual recurrence of meteoric showers about the period of the feast of s. lawrence martyr, 10 august : the monthly recurrence known as the new moon with the old moon in her arms : the posited influence of celestial on human bodies : the appearance of a star 1st magnitude of exceeding brilliancy dominating by night and day a new luminous sun generated by the collision and amalgamation in incandescence of two nonluminous exsuns about the period of the birth of william shakespeare over delta in the recumbent neversetting constellation of cassiopeia and of a star 2nd magnitude of similar origin but lesser brilliancy which had appeared in and disappeared from the constellation of the corona septentrionalis about the period of the birth of leopold bloom and of other stars of presumably similar origin which had effectively or presumably appeared in and disappeared from the constellation of andromeda about the period of the birth of stephen dedalus, and in and from the constellation of auriga some years after the birth and death of rudolph bloom, junior, and in and from other constellations some years before or after the birth or death of other persons : the attendant phenomena of eclipses, solar and lunar, from immersion to emersion, abatement of wind, transit of shadow, taciturnity of winged creatures, emergence of nocturnal or crepuscular animals, persistence of infernal light, obscurity of terrestrial waters, pallor of human beings
顯示出不同程度之生命力的繽紛色彩白淺黃深紅朱紅銀朱諸星之亮度一直包括到七等星以等級標志的諸星之大小諸星的位置御夫座沃爾辛厄姆路172大衛的戰車173土星光環螺旋星雲凝固后形成有衛星的恆星群兩重大陽相互依存的旋轉運動伽利略西蒙馬里烏斯174皮亞175勒威耶赫歇耳加勒176等人各自獨立地同時所做的發現波得和開普勒所嘗試的距離的立方與回轉次數的平方的體系化177多毛的眾彗星178那幾殆無限的被壓縮性，以及自近日點至遠日點那廣漠的遠心的重返大氣層的橢圓軌道隕石的恆星之起源年紀較輕的天體觀測者誕生的那個時期火星上所出現的「暗波」現象179每年在聖勞倫斯節殉教者，八月十日前後降落的隕石雨每月都發生的所謂「新月抱舊月」現象180關于天體對人體的影響的假定威廉莎士比亞出生的時期，在斜倚卻永不沒落的仙后座那三角形上端，一顆不分晝夜散發著極亮光彩的星辰一等星出現了181這是兩個無光死滅了的太陽因相撞並汞合為白熱體而形成的燦爛的新太陽大約在利奧波德布盧姆出生時，出現在七星花冠星座里而後又消失了的一顆同一起源亮度卻稍遜的星宿二等星182還有約於斯蒂芬迪達勒斯出生時，出現在仙女座中之後又消失，小魯道爾夫布盧姆出生與夭折數年後出現于御夫座后又消失，以及另外一些人出生或去世前前後後出現在許許多多其他星座中而又消失了的假定是同一起源的實際存在或假定存在的星斗183 。Her auburn hair is swept up demurely, and in her hands, she holds a bouquet of delicate, handcrafted roses
頭發端莊的向上盤起，手中是美麗的玫瑰捧花。Dundrum, south, or sutton, north, both localities equally reported by trial to resemble the terrestrial poles in being favourable climates for phthisical subjects, the premises to be held under feefarmgrant, lease 999 years, the message to consist of 1 drawingroom with baywindow 2 lancets, thermometer affixed, 1 sittingroom, 4 bedrooms, 2 servants rooms, tiled kitchen with close range and scullery, lounge hall fitted with linen wallpresses, fumed oak sectional bookcase containing the encyclopaedia britannica and new century dictionary, transverse obsolete medieval and oriental weapons, dinner gong, alabaster lamp, bowl pendant, vulcanite automatic telephone receiver with adjacent directory, handtufted axminster carpet with cream ground and trellis border, loo table with pillar and claw legs, hearth with massive firebrasses and ormolu mantel chronometer clock, guaranteed timekeeper with cathedral chime, barometer with hygrographic chart, comfortable lounge settees and corner fitments, upholstered in ruby plush with good springing and sunk centre, three banner japanese screen and cuspidors club style, rich wine - coloured leather, gloss renewable with a minimum of labour by use of linseed oil and vinegar and pyramidically prismatic central chandelier lustre, bentwood perch with a fingertame parrot expurgated language, embossed mural paper at 10 - per dozen with transverse swags of carmine floral design and top crown frieze, staircase, three continuous flights at successive right angles, of varnished cleargrained oak, treads and risers, newel, balusters and handrail, with stepped - up panel dado, dressed with camphorated wax, bathroom, hot and cold supply, reclining and shower : water closet on mezzanine provided with opaque singlepane oblong window, tipup seat, bracket lamp, brass tierod brace, armrests, footstool and artistic oleograph on inner face of door : ditto, plain : servant s apartments with separate sanitary and hygienic necessaries for cook, general and betweenmaid salary, rising by biennial unearned increments of 2, with comprehensive fidelity insurance annual bonus, and retiring allowance based on the 65 system after 30 years service, pantry, buttery, larder, refrigerator, outoffices, coal and wood cellarage with winebin still and sparkling vintages for distinguished guests, if entertained to dinner evening dress, carbon monoxide gas supply throughout
一截彎木上棲著一隻馴順得能停在手指上的鸚鵡它吐字文雅，墻上糊著每打價為十先令的壓花壁紙，印著胭脂紅色垂花橫紋圖案，頂端是帶狀裝飾一連三段櫟木樓梯，接連兩次拐成直角，都用清漆塗出清晰的木紋，梯級登板起柱欄桿和扶手，一律用護板來加固並塗上含樟腦的蠟浴室里有冷熱水管，盆湯淋浴，設備俱全。位於平臺246上的廁所里，長方形窗子上嵌著一塊毛玻璃，帶蓋的坐式抽水馬桶，壁燈，黃銅拉鏈和把手，兩側各放著憑肘幾和腳凳，門內側還掛有藝術氣息濃厚的油畫式石版畫。另外還有一間普通的廁所廚師打雜的女僕和兼做些細活的女傭的下房裡也分別裝有保健衛生設備僕役的工錢每兩年遞增兩英鎊，並根據一般忠誠勤勞保險，每年年底發獎金一英鎊，對工滿三十年者，按照六十五歲退職的規定，發退職金餐具室配膳室食品庫冷藏庫主樓外的廚房及貯藏室等堆煤柴用的地窨子里還有個葡萄酒窖不起泡亮光閃閃的葡萄酒，這是為宴請貴賓吃正餐身穿夜禮服時預備的。However, only did a few pollen germinate in inter - specific hybridization between cerasus fruticosa and c. avian and many pollen tubes are crosswise on stigma and couldn " t penetrated into style. although a few pollen tubes entered, they couldn " t continue to grow due to accumulation of callosity in pollen tubes. in view of above - mentioned results, the irregular growth of pollen was the main reason to cause the incompatibility of distant hybridization between cerasus fruticosa and c. avium
而草原櫻桃與歐洲甜櫻桃種間雜交授粉后花粉在柱頭上雖少量萌發，但花粉管在柱頭上橫向生長，或盤繞，扭曲不能伸入花柱；個別進入花柱的花粉管先端因沉積胼胝質而中途停止伸長未能進入子房到達胚珠，從而說明這種雜交授粉后花粉管的不正常行為是導致草原櫻桃與歐洲甜櫻桃遠緣雜交不親和的主要原因。Three independent maturity genes were shown to influence the critical night length for floral initiation.
證明有三個獨立的成熟度基因影響著花發端的臨界夜長。Oleifera was observed with lm. results showed that there were vegetative cell and generative cell in the pollen grain of genus camellia, the generative cell is more smaller than that of the vegetative cell. the generative cell was lay on the vegetative cell as an elongate spindle, and only the generative cell membrane and nuclear membrane which near the cell polar linked up the vegetative cell membrane, one of the linked area was located near by the aperture of pollen grain
結果表明，山茶屬植物花粉粒中含有生殖細胞和營養細胞，生殖細胞較小，呈長紡錘形，游離在營養細胞中，生殖細胞極軸兩端的細胞膜和核膜與營養細胞的細胞膜相連，其中一端的連結處位於花粉粒萌發孔附近。Calyx tube constricted at apex ; petals 5, white, with pellucid dots, pubescent ; fertile stamens 5 ; filaments longer than petals, anthers 1. 5 - 2. 5 mm long, pubescent ; staminodes 15, 10 of them gland - like, ovoid, inserted on the base of filaments, rest 5 globose ; style villous ; stigma dilated into an undulate crest
花萼管頂端稍縊縮；花瓣5 ，白色，有透明腺點，被短柔毛；發育雄蕊5枚，花絲長于花瓣，花約1 . 5 - 2 . 5毫米，被短柔毛；退化雄蕊15枚，其中10枚腺體狀，卵球形，著生於發育雄蕊花絲基部，另5枚球形；花柱被柔毛，柱頭雞冠狀。Here we found g proteins also function in leaf, silique development and the yield of pollen microspore. we observed several traits or characters in the offsprings of gpal, agbl null mutation and gpa1 overexpression lines and found that the width of mutants " lamina is larger than that of the wild type, whereas the lamina length, petiole length and rosette diameter is smaller than the wild type, the ga overexpression lines is different from the mutants ; the silique length and the pedicel length is larger in mutants than that of wild type, and slightly smaller in overexpression lines than the control ; the morphometric character in silique tip is different in gpal from agbl mutants ; the yield of pollen microspore is larger in null mutants than wild type whereas smaller in overexpression lines
實驗中我們跟蹤觀察了多代異三聚體g蛋白a亞基超表達轉基因植株及a ， p亞基缺失突變體的表型特徵，發現突變體的葉片寬度大於對應的野生型，葉片長度，葉柄長度及蓮座直徑小於野生型，而超表達植株的上述某些特徵與突變體相反; gp時突變體的長角果長度，花梗柄部長度大於野生型，而超表達ga植株種英則略小於對照; gpal突變體長角果尖端未出現咭乙i突變體的特徵: gpal ，口gbl突變體花粉生成量大於野生型，而超表達ga植株的花粉生成量則略小於對照。The doctor, in his fifties, graying and distinguished, was a solid performer.
那位醫生，五十來歲，頭發花白，儀態端莊，是位老練的表演者。For a long time after they stared at the red dog, rugay, who with his round back spattered with mud, and clinking the rings of his leash, walked with the serene air of a conqueror behind the uncles horse
他們還久久地端詳那隻紅花的魯加伊，它全身沾滿污泥，駝起背來，鐵鏈條發出輕微的丁當的響聲，表現出勝利者的泰然自若的樣子，跟在大叔的馬後向前走去。Passepartout wandered for several hours in the midst of this motley crowd, looking in at the windows of the rich and curious shops, the jewellery establishments glittering with quaint japanese ornaments, the restaurants decked with streamers and banners, the tea - houses, where the odorous beverage was being drunk with saki, a liquor concocted from the fermentation of rice, and the comfortable smoking - houses, where they were puffing, not opium, which is almost unknown in japan, but a very fine, stringy tobacco. he went on till he found himself in the fields, in the midst of vast rice plantations
在這些各色各樣的人群中，路路通整整遊逛了好幾個鐘頭，他參觀了街上那些稀奇古怪而又富麗堂皇的店鋪欣賞了堆滿著金光奪目的日本首飾市場張望了那些門前掛著花花綠綠的小旗子，而他卻沒錢進去的日本飯店也瞧了瞧那些茶館，那兒人們正在端著滿杯喝著一種清香撲鼻熱氣騰騰的用發酵大米作成的酒釀湯，此外他還看了那些香煙館，那兒人們不是在吸鴉片，而是吸著一種氣味芬芳的煙草，因為在日本吸鴉片的人，幾乎可以說沒有。Green fluorescent protein ( gfp ) gene was conjugated to the 3 " end of the pap gene in order to screen easily of the transgenic cotton plants. the combined gene was cloned into plant expression vector pbi121 and then transformed. about 5000 seeds of the transgenic cotton were obtained and the some seedlings of the transgenic cotton could give a bright green fluorescence in the dark condition when the cotton seedlings were irradiated with ultraviolet rays
為了便於轉基因棉花後代的篩選，在pap基因的3 』端融入了綠色熒光蛋白gfp ）基因，然後將融合基因克隆在植物表達載體pbi121上，再進行遺傳轉化，得轉基因棉花種子5000餘粒，將種子播種長到于葉展開時，先在黑暗中用紫外燈照射，查找表現綠色熒光的幼苗，然後再用地高辛（ dig ）標記的pap基因特異性探針對這些棉花進行點雜交，最後發現有8株棉花表現陽性反應，說明pap基因的確己經轉到了棉花的基因組中，其棉花黃萎病的抗性鑒定正在進行之中。The doctor was in his fifties, graying and distinguished.
那位醫生，五十來歲，頭發花白，儀表端莊。He found himself looking at the young bucks at the bath.
他發現他常常在端詳浴場上的那些花花公子。Flowering reversion did n ' t occur in plants treated with more than 19 photoperiods, which perhaps is due to sufficient number of floral determination cells in the meristem and the floral determination of the plants is complete
19個以上的光周期數處理的畢氏海蓬子未發生成花逆轉，這可能與頂端分生組織內完成成花決定的細胞數目多，成花決定完成徹底有關。Labeling tunel method. the cell ultrastructural changes were similar to apoptosis in animal cells : the apical meristemetic cells underwent the programmed cell death. this was first detected in the apex cells of apical meristem, while peripheral cells differentiated gradually into different parts of a floral bud. but all the cells in the floral bud were subjected to the pcd process before it developed into a complete flower. 140bp dna fragment was found to deposit in apical bud during the plant development. the most important role of caspase - 8 was detected by western blot, and the expression of the procaspase - 8 was time - related with the dna frgmentation and the transformation from vegetative to the reproductive growth. these results suggested that pcd was an active process during the differentiation of apical meristem, and the senescence observed in the apical bud was due to the pcd process
顯微超微結構研究表明，短日照條件下豌豆頂芽的衰老過程是從營養生長錐向花芽的轉化，而用dna原位末端標記tunel caspase - 8 western blot和140 bp dna片斷積累的試驗結果證明，轉化為花芽的整個生長錐細胞發生了編程性死亡pcd ，而且其最頂端部分細胞首先發生pcd ，而頂端周圍的分生組織細胞逐漸分化出花芽的各部分，但頂芽最後並沒有發育成為完整的花，所有細胞就都發生pcd ，從而頂芽衰老。I discovered, too, that a great pleasure, an enjoyment which the horizon only bounded, lay all outside the high and spike - guarded walls of our garden : this pleasure consisted in prospect of noble summits girdling a great hill - hollow, rich in verdure and shadow ; in a bright beck, full of dark stones and sparkling eddies
我還發現，就在頂端用尖鐵防範著的花園高墻之外，有著一種莫大的愉快和享受，它廣闊無垠，直達天際，那種愉快來自宏偉的山峰環抱著的一個樹木蔥籠綠蔭蓋地的大山谷也來自滿是黑色石子和閃光漩渦的明凈溪流。It can be divided into four sequential processes : flowering induction, signal transduction, flowering evocation and floral organ formation. the process from flower induction to flower evocation have being the focus of research
植物的開花可分為四個順序過程：開花決定（成花誘導） 、信號傳導、花的發端和花器官發育，其中從成花誘導到花的發端是人們致力研究的一個熱點。分享友人