表層問題 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [biǎocéngwèntí]
表層問題 英文
superficial problems
  • 表 : Ⅰ名詞1 （外面;外表） outside; surface; external 2 （中表親戚） the relationship between the child...
  • 層 : i 量詞1 （用於重疊、積累的東西 如樓層、階層、地層） storey; tier; stratum 2 （用於可以分項分步的...
  • 問 : Ⅰ動詞1 （請人解答） ask; inquire 2 （詢問; 慰問） question; ask about [after]; inquire about [aft...
  • 題 : Ⅰ名詞1. （題目） subject; title; topic; problem 2. （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（寫上） inscribe; write
  • 表層 : skin layer; superficial coat; veneer; surface; sexine; bloom; supercrust; surface layer表層沉積 [...
  • 問題 : 1 （需回答的題目） question; problem 2 （需研究解決的矛盾等） problem; matter 3 （事故或意外） tr...
  1. So these karst series problems are lowness ability of making soils, distributing odds of surface water and groundwater, leakiness of fountain, alkalescence of circumstance, lowness of bio - diversity, rapidness converse succession of vegetation and fragility of soil character and entironment. and karst region produces many problems, e. g. rock desert, soil erosion and degeneration because of artificial influence and destruction

    巖溶空間介質具有地上地下雙層結構，可溶巖造壤能力低，巖溶水空間分佈不均、地表地下水關系密切、水源易漏失，偏堿性環境、生物資源集聚程度低，植被逆向演替快、順向演替難，巖溶地質與生態環境十分脆弱，受到人為因素的影響和破壞，極易產生石漠化、土壤侵蝕與退化等一系列問題。
  2. It is as follows : the overlay of endowment insurance is narrow, the most individual indust - - ries, the private enterprise and non - agriculture persons still have not brought into the current endowment insurance system ; the levy level descends, the phenomenon of arrearage still cannot be forbidden ; the level of orchestration is low and lack of adjustment necessarily ; " the difference in amount appropriates different insurance fee " the problem still exists ; the retirement age is so early " the phenomenon of reti - - rement in advance is more serious ; the degree of socialization is low, the onus of the state - owned enterprise is overweight and so on

    主要表現在；養老保險覆蓋面窄，大多數個體工商戶和私營企業以及非農業人員還沒有那入到現行的養老保險體系；征繳水平下降，欠費現象屢禁不止；統籌層次低，缺乏必要的調劑； 「差額繳撥」問題依然存在；退休年齡鍋灶， 「提前退休」現象比較嚴重；社會化程度低，國有企業負擔過重等諸多方面。
  3. The status of cambrian system in the 2004 version of the international stratigraphical chart is reviewed with comments on the gssp for the base of the system and the current subdivision of the system, the gssp for the newly ratified furongian series and paibian stage, and the time span of the system and its series

    摘要評述了國際地層委員會最新公布的2004年版「國際地層表」的寒武系部分，包括它的底界全球層型和點位的確定和存在的問題、寒武系當前的再劃分情況、芙蓉統和排碧階及其底界全球層型剖面和點位、寒武系的時代跨度。
  4. The development that aims at popular chanson representative ' s " social music " as the need, educate the system modernization construct problem to the vocality to lead to go into the comparative level of " sing the method " to take into the analysis to resolve in a specific way

    摘要在以大眾文化為對象、通俗歌曲為代表的「社會音樂」蓬勃發展中，將聲樂教學體系現代化建設的迫切需要與其現實存在的問題和矛盾，具體切入到美聲與通俗的「唱法」比較層面逐一加以分析、定性和理論把握。
  5. The late ordovician - silurian - devonian - early carboniferous stratigraphic division and correlation, including the chronologic correlation of the donghe sandstone, which are the old great difficult key stratigraphic problems interfering with the development of the oil and gas exploration in the tarim basin, are synthetic studied by systematically applying chemobiostratigraphy. several important relevant stratigraphic boundaries are recognized, and the donghe sandstone is attributed to the frasnian, late devonian. the results of the study in particular proves that chemo - biostratigraphy has great significance and is a practical tool for high resolution stratigraphic division and correlation, especially for the region and or the bed with rare fossils

    首次系統應用化學生物地層學對長期遺留的嚴重阻礙了油氣勘探開發步伐的塔里木盆地重大疑難地層問題：晚奧陶世志留紀泥盆紀早石炭世地層劃分對比和東河砂巖時代等進行了綜合研究，釐定了幾條重要的相關地層界線，並將東河砂巖的時代確定為泥盆紀晚泥盆世弗拉斯期。這些研究成果表明，化學生物地層學對高解析度地層劃分對比尤其是對在化石缺乏地區和層段進行地層劃分對比工作有重要的意義和實用價值。
  6. 4 the cleanout and the passivation of si surface was carried out by a two - step process to overcome the surface oxide layer and balance the charge between the substrate and epitaxy. by this way, the crystal quality and emission characteristic of zno thin films can be improved, which provide a way to resolve the native oxide layer of si substrate

    4 、通過用等離子體對硅襯底表面進行清洗和鈍化兩步處理，解決硅襯底表面的氧化層和界面電荷平衡問題，制備出了高質量的氧化鋅薄膜材料，找到了一條獲得了高質量的氧化鋅薄膜的新途徑。
  7. Secondly, to consummate the theory of fault to lay a more solid foundation, the article carried a comprehensive and thorough excavation on the coeval historical condition and cultural sources of each theory of fault lack of feelings. third, the article explained that because the theory development and the practice need, taking feelings into the theory of fault is urgency and necessity. at last, the article analyzed the contemporary scholar of criminal law failure in taking feelings into theory of fault, and had pointed out the road bring feelings into theory of fault

    本文首先通過三個層次的分析，表明了傳統罪過理論的不足之處，以及情感因素在傳統罪過理論分析中的尷尬處境;並對各個歷史形態的罪過理論的形成及其情感因素缺失的歷史條件和思想文化淵源進行了比較全面和深入的挖掘，以探源把脈，以能為進一步完善罪過理論奠定一個比較堅實的認識基礎;然後，說明了由於理論的發展和實踐的需要，罪過理論中納入情感因素的迫切性和必要性;最後，文章具體分析了當代刑法學者為將情感因素納入罪過理論所做努力之所以失敗的原因，進而提出了筆者自己對這一理論問題的解決方案。
  8. In order to solve the above - mentioned problems, the present invention provides a method for plating a polymer material with a metal film, which can form the film on the surface of polymer materials, which are difficult to plate by the prior wet plating method, at a relatively low cost in comparison to the dry plating method and exhibits a uniform thickness and a good adhesion of the metal film and further, shows a good reproducibility

    為了解決上述問題，本發明提供了一種給聚合物材料上鍍金屬膜的方法，用該方法可以在聚合物材料表面形成膜層，這是原來的工藝難于做到的，而且比干鍍成本低，鍍層厚度均勻，金屬膜的粘附性好，最後，還顯示出好的重現性。
  9. Hydraulic control system of double - cylinder vessel gate is a sort of typical electrohydraulic proportional control system0 in order to study electrohydraulic flux control characteristics of this system, i have analyzed the principle of this hydraulic control system, and made its mathematics model ? in double - cylinder hydraulic system, it is necessary to process electric synchronous control in this hydraulic system, this paper also introduces a sort of fnn ameliorated from the point of view of intelligent control theory, and clarifies the principle of applying that network to achieve synchronous controlo at the same time, the means of fuzzy configuration analysis is used for network training, the comparative experiments make known that the method of applying fnn to realize synchronization control is feasible, furthermore, its effect is better than others0 this paper puts forward that a distributed control system can be used to monitor and control vessel gate within a real - time or remote distance, the basic project, structure, applications and functions of computerized scada system in hydraulic system of vessel gate is introduced ? a double layer network structure, epigynous and hypogynous machine network, is applied to this system, in accord with the application of technique such as plc, integrated software etc, this paper introduces the methods and application to achieve the computerized scada system in the task, and analyzes the characteristic of this system, in this paper, the application of configuration in monitor and control system of vessel gate is discussedo in addition, in accord with the application of technique such as visual basicb

    雙缸船閘液壓啟閉控制系統要求解決同步控制問題，文中從智能控制理論角度出發，採用了一種改進的模糊神經網路，結合模糊聚類分析方法，闡述了應用該網路實現同步控制的原理。通過對比模擬實驗表明：應用模糊補經網路實現同步控制是可行的，而且它的同步控制效果要優于傳統的設置主從令缸控制方法，具有良好的魯棒性能。另外，本文提出了建立船閘控制系統的分散式控制系統，介紹了船閘液壓控制系統的計算機監控系統（ scada ）的方案、結構、應用和主要功能，採用雙層網路化結構：上位機網路和下位機網路，並結合plc通信網路技術和組態軟體等技術構成的計算機監控系統的實現方法，實際應用，分析了這種較新的系統模式在船閘液壓控制系統的計算機監控系統的功能實現中所具有的特點。
  10. First, it establishes a theoretical framework for commercial bank competence on the basis of extensive literature review and the integration of related theories in general and financial economics. secondly, a multilevel index system is established in this dissertation consisting of three major key elements of knowledge innovation, organization ability and basic circumstance, which solves the problem in existing competitiveness evaluation study which only concerns the current, security and profitability in banks ’ finance neglecting the comprehensiveness or dividing the hierarch of evaluation index system. thirdly, this dissertation empirical analysises the competitiveness of the china ’ s commercial bank, and bases on the actuality analysis of competitiveness of the china ’ s commercial bank and empirical research conclusion, puts forward self viewpoint to how

    然後，融入經濟學、金融學的相關理論，構建了商業銀行競爭力的理論框架;二是將構建了一個包括知識創新、組織能力和基礎環境三大商業銀行競爭力構成要素的分層次評價指標體系，解決了現有研究存在的或只評價財務表現，或只關注銀行「三性」 ，使得評價缺乏全面性的問題，並彌補了某些研究指標體系缺乏層次性的不足;三是實證研究中國商業銀行競爭力，並在對中國商業銀行現狀分析和實證結論的基礎上，對如何提升中國商業銀行競爭力提出了自己的觀點。
  11. This is related to many basic problems, such as the condensed structure, intermolecular interaction, relaxation, etc. the mechanical properties and stability of langmuir films have strong and direct effect on the deposition process of lb films

    這涉及到多方面的問題，如膜的凝聚態結構、成膜分子間的相互作用力、膜的表面粘彈性和鬆弛特性、膜在二維狀態下的反應性、分子層與基片間的附著力等等。
  12. That suggests biology has only scratched the surface of isopod diversity ? and in the grand scheme of things, isopods are a pretty obscure group

    這表明現今的生物學僅觸及了等足類動物多樣性問題的表面，並且，從更高的層面來看，等足類動物僅是一個微不足道的群體。
  13. Based on consider hereinbefore, this dissertation discusses several aspects on the problem of the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources as follows : ( 1 ) reviewed entirely the origin and evolvement of the concept " sustainable development ", stated and commented the study status in queue on " sustainable development " around national and international range, thorough discussed the science connotation about the concept " sustainable development " ; ( 2 ) looked back and commented across - the aboard some furthest basic concept and proposition related to groundwater resources, put forward self opinions on a few existent mistake points of view and chaos understandings ; ( 3 ) expatiated entirely on the content and meaning of the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, contrast with the traditional methods of groundwater resources calculation and evaluation, combined example to show the application of this theory ; ( 4 ) thorough analyzed the difficult and complexity to forecast the groundwater resources, fully stated the traditional methods of groundwater resources forecasting, pointed out the characteristic and applying condition of these forecasting method, introduced the main ideas and methods of wavelet analysis developed recently, and the matlab software be known as the fifths era computer language, and its accessory wavelet analysis toolbox, applied these methods and tools to analyze the groundwater dynamic curve, adopted the b - j method and morte - carlo method, combined with the theory of changeable groundwater resources system, discussed the new view on the forecast of groundwater resources ; ( 5 ) synthetically analyzed the characteristics and limitations of the present all kind of groundwater manage model, combined mathematical programming mathematical statistics random process and the theory of variation system of groundwater resources on the unite optimum attempter of surface water and groundwater, emphasized how to make the model more nicety, more simple, more practicality ; ( 6 ) analyzed the inside condition and outside condition to assure the sustainable and optimum exploi tation of groundwater resources, the inside conditions are the follows : correct resources idea, scientific methods of resources calculation and evaluation, credible forecast methods of resources, exercisable measures of resources management, the outside conditions are the follows : the development idea of high layer, the transform of manage system, the matched policy and rule of law, the adjusted of economy lever, the improve of cultural diathesis, the boosting up of water - saving consciousness and detail measures, the control of population rising, the prevention and cure of water pollute, the renew and rebuild of ecology ; ( 7 ) scan the sustainable and optimum exploitation of groundwater resources from the high level of metagalaxy, earth system science, and philosophy ; lint out the more directions on groundwater resources

    基於以上考慮，論文主要從以下幾方面對地下水資源可持續開發問題進行了比較深入的探討：全面回顧了「可持續發展」概念的由來與演變，對國內外「可持續發展」的研究現狀進行了述評，並對「可持續發展」概念的科學內涵進行了深入探討；對涉及地下水資源的一些最基本的概念和命題進行了全面的回顧和評述，對目前仍然存在的一些錯誤觀點和混亂認識提出了自己的見解；全面闡述了地下水資源變值系統理論的內容和意義，並與傳統的地下水資源計算評價方法進行了對比分析，結合實例具體說明了方法的應用；深入分析了地下水資源預測預報工作的極端重要性和復雜性，對傳統的地下水資源動態預測方法進行了全面的評述，指出了各類預測預報方法的特點及適用條件，對最近二十多年剛發展起來的小波分析技術的主要思想和方法及其應用范圍，以及號稱第五代計算機語言的matlab軟體和附帶的小波分析工具箱進行了介紹，並應用於地下水動態過程線的分析，採用時間序列中的b ? j法，蒙特卡羅方法，與地下水資源變值系統理論相結合，探討了地下水動態資料分析和地下水資源預測預報的新思路；綜合分析了現今各類地下水管理模型的特點及缺陷，將數學規劃、數理統計、隨機過程等與地下水變值系統理論相結合進行地表水地下水或多水源的聯合優化調度，使模型更準確、更實用；對保證地下水資源可持續開發的內部條件和外部條件進行了分析，內部河海人學博卜學位論文前言、摘要、目錄條件主要是正確的資源觀，科學的資源計算與評價方法，可靠的資源預測預報技術，可操作的資源管理措施，外部條件主要是高層發展思路、管理體制的變革、配套的政策法規、經濟杠桿的調節、人文素質的提高、節水意識的增強及具體節水措施、人口增長的控制、水體污染的防治、生態的恢復和重建等;從宇宙科學、地球系統科學及哲學的高度審視地下水資源的可持續開發;指出了地下水資源可持續開發的進一步研究方向。
  14. Because of the unique issues in the networks, including mobility - induced disconnection, network partition, high out - of - order delivery ratios and channel errors, the congestion control and the error recovery in the network is challenging. in this environment, the interaction between tcp and mac layer protocols, the affection of route protocols on the performance of tcp and the particular congestion control and error recovery mechanism are first discussed. then a particular transport layer protocol scheme based on the non - feedback mechanism is presented, with emphasis on the analysis and simulation of the key parameter

    文中主要討論了兩種不同網路結構中的無線tcp協議改進方案，其一在最後一跳為無線鏈路的網路環境中，針對基本tcp擁塞控制機制存在的缺陷，文中在現有解決方案的基礎上提出一綜合性的方案，其中包括無線鏈路的高誤碼率和連接斷開問題的解決，並重點對方案中出現的交叉層問題進行分析和模擬；其二，考慮的是分散式網路（ adhoc ） ，在文中較為詳細的分析了tcp和mac層機制間的相互作用、路由協議中造成tcp性能降低的因素、 adhoc網路中應採取的特殊擁塞控制和差錯恢復機制，在此基礎上提出了一種採用非反饋機制的解決方案，重點對方案中的關鍵參數進行分析和模擬，分析和模擬結果表明此機制可在很大程度上提高adhoc網路中tcp的性能。
  15. ( 1 ) for methodological syncretization of emi and km, existing reference architectures ( ras ) do not clearly reflect the level characteristics of enterprise knowledge and its organization and application modes. ( 2 ) for enterprise knowledge capture and application, existing enterprise modeling methods face the dilemma of how to facilitate friendly collaboration and communication between system analysts / developers and enterprise staffs, and how to help system analysts / developers utilize model knowledge to carry out effective quantitative analysis. ( 3 ) for knowledge re - use, it lacks powerful knowledge repository systems for enterprise model re - use and corresponding mechanisms for knowledge extraction, classification and index

    目前國內外關于該方向的研究尚處于起步階段，有許多問題亟待解決，主要表現在：在企業集成與知識管理的方法論融合方面，現有參考體系結構沒有很好地反映出企業知識的層次特徵及其組織、應用方式；在企業知識的收集與應用方面，現有企業建模方法在如何促進系統分析設計人員與企業人員進行友好的合作與交流和如何幫助系統分析設計人員利用模型知識進行有效的定量分析這兩個問題上存在著矛盾；在知識重用方面，缺乏面向企業模型重用的功能完備的知識庫系統及相應的知識提煉和分類檢索機制，能夠被業界廣泛接受的參考模型尚不多見；在建立面向企業集成的基於知識的系統方面，尚沒有很好地解決知識的形式化表示問題，缺乏用於描述企業深層知識的形式化建模手段。
  16. The core of the thesis research contains : an xml - based representation of sheet metal part ; a similarity method of case base building ; a multi - similarity algorithm for retrieval case in case base

    論文研究的核心內容包括：採用基於xml的工藝規程表達技術解決鈑金工藝實例的表達問題；以相似性推理演算法為基礎建立鈑金工藝實例庫；採用多層次匹配演算法進行實例的檢索匹配。
  17. The representation of the process of simplification of dfsm is researched, the disadvantage of the linear sequential representation are pointed out, the representation of the process of simplification of dfsm called simplification tree are given, which is intuitionistic and effective

    摘要文章討論確定有限狀態機（ dfsm ）簡化過程的表示問題，指出傳統的線性順序法存在直觀性差、層次不分明、難于理解的不足，提出簡化樹法，它具有直觀、有效的特點。
  18. When high school students are solving chemical problems, they usually choose a familiar way to represent the problem, or sometimes may use several representation methods ( symbol representation, mathematical representation, chart - word representation, words representation and so on ) to represent the same problem. problem representation has difference in levels and sorts. the appearance of the problem and the problem solver ' s knowledge structure largely affect the problem representation

    在解決化學問題時，中學生通常以一種自己熟悉的表徵方式表徵問題（也常使用符號表徵、數學表徵、圖文表徵、言語表徵等多種表徵方式表徵同一個問題） ；學生在問題表徵中存在著問題表徵的層次和種類差異；問題的呈現方式和問題解決者的知識結構較大程度地影響著問題表徵。
  19. In the part of upper - layer software, new global path planningalgorithm, which is based on improved dijkstra algorithm and ant system algorithm, is givenin the thesis, and the new algorithm is proved to be valid in simulation, the map representationproblemofspatialandslamproblemformobilerobotare brieflyanalyzed

    在上層軟體部分，提出了以改進的dijkstra演算法和蟻群優化演算法為基礎的新的全局路徑規劃演算法，並模擬驗證了該演算法的有效性，初步分析了移動機器人的環境空間地圖表示問題和slam問題。
  20. Up to now, there has possibilities to understand and explanation on the question of " performance " from four levels : firstly, the level of he communicative skill and teaching skill, because performance is the certain communicative approach and teaching method. performance on this level belongs to technology and instrumental ism ; secondly, the level of symbolism, language, gesture and motion of the performance are considered as the symbols of the expression, delivery. symbol itself has no meaning, its meaning lies in the user who use the symbol and the thing that symbol indicates ; thirdly, the level of methodology, performance and the study to the performance are thought as the basis of education ( especially pedagogy ) ; fourthly, the level of ontology, performance and the understanding to performance is regarded as the human ' s life existence and the educational element matters

    迄今為止，對「表演」問題存在著在四個層次上理解和闡釋的可能性：一是作為交際技藝和教學技藝的層次，表演是一種交際手段、教學方法，因而是技術論和工具論的層次， ；二是將表演的語言和姿勢、動作等視為表達、傳遞事物的符號，符號本身沒有意義，其意義在於符號的使用者和符號所指代的事物上，是符號論的層次:三是將對交往、表演和表演的理解的研究作為教育學（尤其是教學論）的基礎，是方法論的層次:四是將表演和對表演的理解，作為人類生命存在、教育存在的基本事件，因而將其置於本體論的層次上。
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