被論證過 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [bèilúnzhèngguò]
被論證過 英文
quod erat demonstrandum
  • 被 : Ⅰ名詞1 （被子） quilt 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞[書面語]1 （復蓋） cover; spread 2 （遭受） suffe...
  • 論 : 論名詞（記錄孔子及其門徒的言行的「論語」） the analects of confucius
  • 證 : Ⅰ動詞（證明） prove; verify; demonstrate Ⅱ名詞1 （證據） evidence; proof; testimony; witness 2 （...
  • 過 : 過Ⅰ動詞[口語] （超越） go beyond the limit; undue; excessiveⅡ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 論證 : 1 （論述過程） demonstration; proof 2 （論述並證明） expound and prove [verify]3 （論據） argumen...
  1. Finally, delivery of cargo without original bills of lading promote the development of shipping in a way in practice, it has reasonability in existence. chapter three is writer ' s study for 10 leading cases of chinese maritime court and court of cassation concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, writer conclude as follows : chinese courts are inclined to regard it as breach of contract but not in tort in judicial practice ; chinese courts allow the plaintiff to choose to sue in tort or of breach ; chinese courts have abandoned the viewpoint of " who holder the bills who must have the right to sue " or " who holder the bills who must win the case " ; and in many cases concerning delivery of cargo without original bills of lading, the court ignored plaintiff ' s actions against the carrier, it proved that carrier can escape reasonability of delivery of cargo without original bills of lading in some cases

    第三章論述我國海事法院及其上級法院就無單放貨案件審理的司法審判實踐研究，通過對十個法院判例的分析、歸納，筆者認為，在司法實踐中，法院越來越傾向于將無單放貨糾紛視為運輸合同糾紛處理，而不認定為侵權行為糾紛；法院允許原告起訴時以侵權起訴或違約起訴作出選擇；法院對提單持有人的訴權認定，已經不採用「誰持有提單誰就有訴權」與「誰持有提單就能保證勝訴」的觀點；有諸多的無單放貨的訴訟案例以被法院駁回起訴為結局，證明了無單放貨在特定情況下的合理性以及承運人有避免承擔責任的可能性。
  2. Succeeding with the aforementioned ill - adapted methodologies is a listing of explanatory metaphysical principles including both natural theology and the dialectical theism in deutscher idealismus advocating god as process ; however, both have been proved insufficient as well

    然後再列舉出開上學的說明法，包括自然神學的上帝存在論證方式與講過程上帝觀的德意志觀念論；兩者都被評論有所不足。
  3. The regularities distribution of the electromagnetic field and vortex density had been simulated by the software matlab, the results of simulation not only proved the existence skin effect but also provided theory evidence for designing and researching of the shaft bearing replacer

    通過matlab軟體對被加熱工件進行了電磁場和渦流分佈的計算機模擬，形象描述了工件內電磁場的分佈規律，證明了集膚效應的存在，為軸承感應拆卸裝置的設計研究提供了理論依據。
  4. Analyzed the importance of due process for sports organizations in sports discipline by case study ; argued due process in sports discipline include elements as independent and no bias deciders, the right of notice, the right of fair hearing ; discuss the duty of proof, the standard of proof, legal representation, cross - examination of witnesses and penalty in hearing ; suggested that sports organization should keep balance between fairness and efficient and basically due process should be available to athletes

    通過案例分析法，探討正當程序對于體育組織的重要意義；分析了體育紀律處罰正當程序應包括獨立而無偏私的裁決者，被處罰者有權獲知可能影響其利益的決定及有關理由、有權要求公平聽證；論證了聽證中的舉證責任、證據水平、法律代理、交叉質證、處罰等問題；建議體育組織在公平與效率的平衡間要保證最低限度的程序公正。
  5. In the part of analysis of advantages and disadvantages of presumption of knowledge, it analyses that presumption of knowledge favorably serves to distribute reasonably the responsibility of producing ? evidence, to realize impartiality and efficiency of procedural law and to satisfy the needs of reality and criminal policy. on the other hand, it provides theoretical preparation for prevention of risk by pointing out its disadvantages of the inaccuracy in the presumed results and the possibility of presuming negligence as knowledge

    「明知推定的利弊分析」部分，則分析了明知推定具有合理分配提供證據的責任，實現訴訟法之公正與效益價值，滿足現實需要與刑事政策需要等作用；同時也存在推定結果精確性有欠缺和疏忽大意過失可能被推定為明知等弊端，為防範風險提供理論準備。
  6. Since an acquisition is a tool of achieving the corporate strategy, a successful acquisition should definitely maximize the company ' s core competences. disapproval of common praises on taiji group ' s acquisitions of tongjunge and southwest pharma., this paper draws a new conclusion from an empirical study that taiji group will fail to synergize the different kinds of resources in the medicine industry by these acquisitions

    重慶太極集團收購同城上市公司桐君閣、西南藥業的行為一直被譽為行業內整合的成功典範，但論文通過實證研究對這一「共識」首次提出質疑：在專業化分工程度很高的行業背景下，太極集團企圖通過並購桐君閣、西南藥業實現醫藥行業資源全面整合的戰略定位是不準確的。
  7. The origin of these deposits is still not rigorously demonstrated.

    礦床的成因並沒有被嚴格地論證過。
  8. At present, it is generally accepted, although more as a self - evident statement than on the base of a closely - reasoned scientific proof

    目前，這一觀點已被人普遍接受，但只是作為一種不言自明的說法，而不是經過嚴格推理的科學論證而被接受的。
  9. Recently years, scholars had found that the traditional chinese medicine had the function to regulate the immune function and anti - virus by rigorous study

    近年來，國內外學者通過大量的篩選和嚴格的科學論證，發現中藥在調節機體免疫功能、抗病毒方面有著較大的潛力，被認為是尋找新的抗艾滋病藥物的一條切實可行的途徑。
  10. Then there was a dispute about who saw the dead boys last in life, and many claimed that dismal distinction, and offered evidences, more or less tampered with by the witness ; and when it was ultimately decided who did see the departed last, and exchanged the last words with them, the lucky parties took upon themselves a sort of sacred importance, and were gaped at and envied by all the rest

    接著他們就誰最後看見那些失蹤的孩子展開一場爭論。許多孩子真是苦中作樂，爭著搶頭功，並且提出了一些證據，被證人添油加醋地說了一番。最後公布結果時，那些被認為是最後看到過死者並和他們講了話的幸運者便擺出一副了不起的樣子，其餘的人則張著嘴望著他們，羨慕得不得了。
  11. Lenin not only affirms the existance of absolute truth, but also regards it as a process, which profoundly embodies marxist dialectical materialism and theory of knowledge, has been proved to be the new development of marxist truth view by the proletariat revolution

    列寧不僅肯定了絕對真理的存在，而且把絕對真理看作一個過程，這一思想深刻體現著馬克思主義唯物辯證法和認識論思想，已經被無產階級革命實踐確證為馬克思主義真理觀的新發展。
  12. It is not many scholars to clearly prove the opinion of shifting the burden of proof, on the contrary the contradictory scholars are more prominent, for example the vice professor of southwest politics and law university, chengang, wuyue who translates and introduces the burden of proof of germany, because them there are more and more people support the opposite opinion, while in the draft of " civil evidence code ", the traditional idea win, in this draft the legislator abides by the present justice and our country ' s native circumstance, they made an scientific choice, of course, the burden of proof will directly influence the party " s possibility of losing the lawsuit, while the regulation of shifting the burden of proof increases the plaintiff ' s opportunity to win a lawsuit. to explain what is the shifting of burden of proof, the paper use the civil law as the example to point out the " reverse " is not entirly relieve the plaintiff s obligation of producing evidence, but in certain extent and in certain range make the defendant bear the burden of producing those proofs from the reverse way, which are originally beard by the plaintiff. in the three proceeding law, shifting the burden of proof have some differences, but the interior spirits are coincident - for the values of social justice and the legal reason

    論證舉證責任倒置的學者觀點明確並且論證十分充分的不多，相反卻是對此著書立說予以反駁的學者較為突出，如西南政法大學的副教授陳則博士，翻譯並介紹德國證明責任學說的吳越先生均是目前國內對舉證責任倒置持否定態度的代表人物，由於他們的推動使得國內持此說的人越來越多，但在《民事證據法（草案） 》的擬定過程中，並未采責任倒置的地位，這樣的立法選擇是建立在對我國法律實現的本土環境客觀認識的基礎上的科學選擇，誠然，舉證責任的分配直接影響到當事人在訴訟中的敗訴風險，而「倒置」規則的設計，則在此問題上增加了原告勝訴的籌碼，在理解何為舉證責任倒置時，本文著重以民事法為主線，指出這種「倒置」並非全部免除原告的證明責任，而是在一定范圍與一定程度上將通常應由原告負擔的舉證責任轉由被告從反方面承擔，舉證責任倒置在三大訴訟法中所體現的具體情形有所差異，但它們的內在精神是一致的?法律的理性與社會公平價值，在民事訴訟中舉證責任倒置的情形，一般總是將其局限於特殊侵權情形，而忽略了民事合同違約責任的訴訟中的原告也無須對被告應承擔違約責任的所有要件，對被告主觀上的過錯實行推定，若被告予以否定則應對其無過錯的證據舉證，在設置舉證責任倒置的規則時，從各國的立法經驗與法的內在價值要求可以總結出以下幾個原則:程序法與實體法結合原則，公平原則，訴訟經濟原則，保護弱者原則等，基於此完善舉證責任倒置的規則時首先應肯定舉證責任倒置的概念，其次立法應避免求大求全，再次要配合實體法的發展，最後還可以在司法領域嘗試判例的指導意義。
  13. There must be a marine casualty happened every 4 days before 1984, the amount of marine casualty happened at this area corresponds to 1 / 7 amount of the whole changjiang " marine casualty, so mariners gave it a name as " mouth of tiger ". due to the specific geographical condition and the extremely representative vessel traffic management of changjiang yingongzhou channel section, many intelligent people began researching and practicing the vessel traffic management of this changjiang " s down - stream complicated channel section from 1980s, at dec 15th 1984 the authority at that time - changjiang yingongzhou channel section previously ; up to the last years of 1980s ministry management administration applied traffic control on changjiang yingongzhou channel section previously, up to the last years of 1980s ministry of communications assigned shanghai marine college, shanghai ship & shipping research institute and changjiang harbor superintendence administration to make feasibility demonstrate about modern vts of zhenjiang traffic control section ; in 1990 dasha radar station which is the first radar vts station with inner river was finished, groped a new way for applying modern radar traffic control of vessel traffic management ; in 1997 the vtms of changjiang " s down - stream from nanjing to liuhekou was completed with connecting net and came into operation formally, meanwhile the signals of dasha radar station were conveyed to vts center by light cable, and then united applying vessel traffic management upon the whole authorized area ; in jun 2001 jiangsu msa made changjiang yingongzhou channel section as the first experimental group of creating " civilized, safe, passable channel activity, updating dasha radar antenna and receive - transmitter building closed - circuit television monitor system, setting uo safety warning board, starting navigational route reformation, carrying out united construction

    1984以前這里平均每四天就發生一起海損事故，事故數占整個長江的1 7 ，被行船人稱為「老虎口」 。長江尹公洲航段緣其極為特殊的地理區位條件和極具代表性的船舶交通管理，從上個世紀八十年代初就有識之士開始了這個長江下游最復雜航段的船舶交通管理探索和實踐。 1984年11月15日當時的長江航政管理局在長江尹公洲水域率先施行交通管制；到八十年代末交通部委託上海海運學院、上海船舶研究所和長江港監局聯合開展鎮江交通管制段建立現代化交管系統的可行性論證； 1990年大沙雷達站? ?內河第一座雷達交管站建成，摸索實施現代化雷達交管的船舶交通管理新途徑； 1997年長江下游南京至瀏河口船舶交通管理系統建成聯網投入正式運行，同時將大沙交管雷達信號通過光纜傳輸至交管中心，統一實施全轄區船舶交通管理； 2001年6月江蘇海事局將長江尹公洲航段作為第一批創建「文明平安暢通航段」活動試點航段，更新大沙雷達天線和收發機，著手閉路工業電視監控系統建設，設立安全警示牌，啟動航路改革，開展聯合「共建」 。
  14. Complicated hydrologic and geographic conditions, and the large scale of the xiaolangdi hydraulic project on the yellow river are introduced briefly. three desilting tunnels are designed to meet the requirements of flood control, sediment discharge and runoff regulation. according to the performance requirements of desilting tunnels, the tunnel lining down - stream of the grouting curtain is designed to be post - tensional prestressed lining. on the basis of investigation and research, experiements and analysis, the unbonded prestressing system is used. it is the largest unbonded prestressed tunnel lining project in the world, and the first one in china

    簡介黃河小浪底水利樞紐復雜的水文、地質條件以及龐大的工程規模.該樞紐設計有3條排沙洞，擔負著泄洪、排沙、調節徑流和保證進水口不被泥沙淤堵的任務.根據排沙洞的水庫運用要求，灌漿帷幕下游排沙洞洞身段設計為混凝土后張預應力隧洞.通過大量的調研、試驗、分析論證，在施工前確定該預應力方案選用無粘結預應力系統，成為目前世界上規模最大的無粘結預應力隧洞襯砌工程，在國內尚屬首例
  15. In respect of criminal cases, an applicant could be allowed to apply for two counsel certificates in respect of the same case if the applicant applied for legal aid to appeal against conviction and sentence separately and was refused legal aid on both occasious. further, an applicant in a criminal case could apply for more than one counsel certificate in respect of the same case if there was a change in the law ( by retrospective legislation or by court ) or in fact since the last certificate

    有關刑事案件，法援局認為如上訴人申請法律援助就定罪及判刑分別提出上訴，而兩次皆被拒批法援，他可以就同一案件申請兩份大律師證明書。再者，假如自發出上一份證明書以來，有關法律已遭更改（無論透過有追溯力的立法或基於法庭判決） ，或事實出現變動，則刑事案件上訴人可就同一案件申請多於一份大律師證明書。
  16. Another problem comes, that is the infrastructure of the whole criminal related disciplines. in the third part, the author used more than half amount of the paper to practice the methodology of trinity structure among the spheres of the disciplines on criminal facts, as well as the disciplines on criminal counter - measures, so as to show and prove the value of the theory. in the course, some new view - points or explanations about the related theories are involved, such as the criminal field theory, the two - stage criminal origin theory, the bilateral view of the victim ’ s consent, the victim ’ s fault theory, the social indirect harm responsibility as the theoretical foundation of national victim compensation, the criminal environment ’ s responsibility theory, and so on

    在下篇中，筆者用了全文一半左右的篇幅對刑事三元結構進行了部分的展開，即運用刑事三元結構的理念對刑事事實學和刑事對策學中的諸多基本問題作了一番系統的梳理，提出了一些新觀點或新解說，如刑事場論、刑事根源層次論、被害者同意問題的雙向視角、被害者過錯論、刑事被害補償根據之社會間接危害責任說、刑事環境責任論、刑事對策三元論、刑事對策三層次論等，從而對刑事三元結構的理論價值作了一定程度的展示和映證。
  17. Note : overhealing doesn ' t count, only the actual amount healed. this is easy to demonstrate

    注：過量治療不被計算。 ，計算實際治療量。這個很容易論證。
  18. Note : overhealing doesn & apos ; t count, only the actual amount healed. this is easy to demonstrate

    注：過量治療不被計算。 ，計算實際治療量。這個很容易論證。
  19. This paper is based on the anthropologic research conducted in tangxiang, the small - sized pastoral community also the first township at the source of the changjiang river by means of ethnical records on the status of local herdsmen in high - altitude grassland ecological environment, the influences of local natural environment on local people and social organizations, the interactions between man and the ecological environment and the influences of national construction and economic development on local people and the environment etc. the paper testifies that the deterioration of local ecological environment is not merel y attributed to the restrictions arising from economic development and such natural factors as the increasingly warm global climate. the negligence of local people ' s initiatives and the impact on even the breakage of the cultural chain between man and the prairie ecological environment also play major roles

    本論文通過對長江源頭第一鄉? ?唐鄉小型牧業社區的人類學考察，以民族志手法闡述本土牧民在高海拔草原生態環境中的位置、當地自然環境對人和社會組織的影響、人與自然生態環境的互動、以及國家建構和經濟發展對當地人與環境關系的影響等，論證當地生態環境惡化不僅是全球變暖等自然因素導致，也不局限於經濟發展等因素釀成，本土人群主體性被忽略、人與高原生態環境之間遊牧文化鏈被沖擊甚至被打破亦是不可忽視的重要原因。
  20. The linear regression models and the non - linear regression models are established respectively, which can be used in monitoring the grassland biomass based on the vegetation indices. finally, in order to establish the grassland biomass monitoring models with higher accuracy the different forms of the non - linear regression model were established respectively, including the quadric equation, the cubic equation, the logarithmic equation, and the exponential equation. the repeated tests indicated that the cubic equation is the best one in terms of the suitability of use in the study area

    建立遙感植被指數和草地生物量的一元線性回歸模型和非線性回歸模型，通過反復分析論證得出，非線性回歸模型相對於一元線性回歸模型與實測生物量更為符合；通過分析植被指數與實測生物量的不同非線性回歸模型的結果，表明三次方程y = - 18 . 626rvi ~ 3 + 220 . 317rvi ~ 2 - 648 . 271rvi + 691 . 093是最適用於監測研究區草地生物量的非線性模型。
分享友人
分享到 Line

分享到臉書