計劃經濟學 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [jìhuàjīngjìxué]
計劃經濟學 英文
economics of planning
  • 計 : Ⅰ動詞1 （計算） count; compute; calculate; number 2 （設想; 打算） plan; plot Ⅱ名詞1 （測量或計算...
  • 劃 : 劃動詞1 （撥水前進） paddle; row 2 （合算） be to one s profit; pay 3 （用尖銳的東西在別的東西上...
  • 經 : 經動詞[紡織] （把紡好的紗或線梳整成經紗或經線） warp
  • 濟 : 濟名詞1. （古水名） the ji river2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 學 : Ⅰ動詞1 （學習） study; learn 2 （模仿） imitate; mimic Ⅱ名詞1 （學問） learning; knowledge 2 （學...
  • 計劃 : 1 （工作、行動以前預先擬定的內容和步驟） plan; project; programme; device; devisal; design 2 （做...
  • 經濟學 : ba economics
  • 經濟 : 1 [經] （社會物質生產和再生產的活動） economy 2 （對國民經濟有利或有害的） economic; of industria...
  1. In the meantime, we could also see that some old industrial bases built under planned - economy system in our country are showing a relatively poor behavior in the innovative efficiency, products competitive - power and district development, although they look like a industry agglomerative region. why is it like this ? do our economists make a mistake of the theory

    但與此同時，我們也看到我國一些計劃經濟體制下建立起來的老工業基地，盡管其工業特徵從表面看來似乎是產業集聚的形式，但是其在創新效率、產品競爭力和區域發展上的表現都不盡如人意，難道是經濟學家們把理論搞錯了，但是為什麼國外的產業區又有著如此良好的發展形勢
  2. Second chapter analyzes the past, present and future of budgeting management by considering budgeting management as a research subject of futurology. the mistakes that overthrowing all planned management measures including budgeting management during the transition from planned economy to market economy are corrected ; linked with the survey about the situation and effect of implementing budgeting management in chinese enterprises by nanjing university, this chapter briefly analyzes the recent situation and problems of budgeting management in china in the aspects of thinking, budgeting plan and budgeting execution ; then, some ideas for the development of budgeting management are mentioned

    第二部分把預算管理作為未來學的一個研究對象，分析了預算管理的過去、現在和未來。糾正了過去由於計劃經濟體制的影響，而將預算管理這種計劃管理形式一併否定的情況；結合南京大學關於我國企業實行預算管理的現狀及其作用的調查，從思想認識、預算編制和預算執行三方面簡要分析了我國預算管理的現狀及問題；然後提出了一些預算管理未來發展中應有的理念。
  3. Since china adopted reform and opening - up policies, private schools have resurged after suffering a three - decade - long oblivion. with china ' s transition from a centrally planned to a market - based economy, china ' s education sector, particularly the non - governmental education sector, has inevitably developed new relations to the market. therefore, discussing non - governmental education in the context of the market economy is particularly important

    改革開放以來，中國大地上沉寂了30多年的民辦私立學校重現生機，隨著國家經濟由計劃經濟向市場經濟轉軌，我國的教育事業特別是民辦教育不可避免地與市場產生了這樣那樣的關系，因此，從市場經濟背景這一角度來探討民辦教育顯得很有意義。
  4. Along with the unceasing development of science and technology and the unceasing advance of society, the competition of enterprise in market economic condition is more intense, the management pattern under planned economy has not met the modern management requirement of enterprise, becomes the trammels of enterprise development

    隨著科學技術的不斷發展，社會的不斷進步，企業在市場經濟條件下的競爭更加激烈，計劃經濟下的管理模式已經不適應企業現代化的管理要求，成為企業發展的羈絆。
  5. Based on a theoretical analysis of chinese security market using capm and apt model, this dissertation is going to focus on positive study usin g econometrical model to deeply and quantitatively delineate equilibrium realization and market efficiency of chinese security market and therefore to find the cause of low market efficiency and the obstacle to the establishment of non - arbitrage equilibrium

    我們在運用capm和apt模型對中國證券市場進行理論分析的基礎上，重點利用計量經濟學的實證研究模型，對中國證券市場的均衡實現與效率狀況進行定量的研究刻劃，並由此詳細研究無套利均衡建立的障礙和市場低效率的原因。
  6. There should be a theoretic premise if regards this theory as a fundamental in individual expendable distribution in socialistic society, which is also a general economic condition at advanced socialistic - society : a uniform public ownership of means of production was set up domestically, and a stringent planned economy was realized in a country etc. a introspection and retrospection of the theory - - - - - - distribution - according - to - work makes us clear that the aim of which is not only to acquire the value of labor force own, but to recompense a laborer with surplus work or surplus product

    馬克思提出了科學的按勞分配理論，以按勞分配作為社會主義個人消費品分配的基本原則。其理論前提是社會主義高級階段的一般經濟條件：建立了全社會范圍內統一的生產資料公有制，實現了全社會嚴格的計劃經濟等。通過對馬克思恩格斯按勞分配理論的重新考察，認為按勞分配的目的與所要解決的問題是使勞動者不僅要領回自身勞動力的價值，而且還得到部分剩餘勞動或剩餘產品。
  7. Based on the above, the author thinks that transition economics should be defined as the first type, i. e. transition economics involves theories on transition from planned economy to market economy

    經過分析和總結，筆者認為轉軌經濟學的定義應該界定為第一種表述，即轉軌經濟學是研究由社會主義計劃經濟向市場經濟過渡的經濟學理論。
  8. Transport traditional warehousing enterprises are established in the majority of the planned economy era, state - owned enterprises, these enterprises generally logistics infrastructure investment is insufficient, but has many years of experience in the logistics operation, and rules and regulations, good corporate reputation, warehousing and transport operations at the core provide relatively complete logistics services, with a strong ability to attract customers, and formed a basic customers in the community establish corporate image and brand effect of the logistics business remained relatively stable development of the situation, but as a modern logistics development, a modern logistics, long - span, dynamic and strong, can be divided into and the complexity of the advantages of traditional storage transport sector there are many issues, such as : management methods are backward ; the logistics facilities and equipment, lack of investment in facilities aging ; still lack the overall planning of a detailed and clear market orientation, lack of modern logistics management concept outdated marketing logistics, resulting in the mainstream enterprise customer groups scattered, low - level mobility of the large, it is difficult to retain the high - end customers ; enterprise systems and internal operating mechanism of the lack of vitality

    留學解答資訊網:傳統的倉儲運輸企業多數是建立於計劃經濟時代的國有企業，這些企業一般對物流基礎設施投入不足，但是有多年的物流運作經驗，和規章制度，良好的企業信譽，以倉儲和運輸業務為核心，提供相對齊全的物流服務，具備了較強的招攬客戶的能力，形成了基本顧客群，在社會上樹立起企業形象和品牌效應，使物流業務保持著相對穩定發展的態勢.但是隨著現代物流的發展，較于現代物流，大跨度性、動態性強、可分性、復雜性等優點，傳統倉儲運輸業出現了許多問題，例如：管理手段落後；對物流設施設備的投入不足，設施老化；尚欠缺詳細的整體規劃和清晰市場定位，缺乏現代物流管理理念；物流營銷方式比較陳舊，造成企業主流客戶群體分散，級別較低，流動性大，難以保留中高端客戶；企業體制與內部運作機制欠缺活力。
  9. In economics, the higher school logistics socialization is to put the higher school rear service into the socialist market economy system, socialize the service body, changing self - service into social service through further reform ; commercialize the service fruits, changing service without teward into one with reward ; market the service ways, changing the direct service into indirect one, to thoroughly changethe condition that higher school ran society under the planned economy, overwhelm the bottle neck of higher school development, and create conditions for our country ' s higher education to be better suited to our rapid development

    摘要從經濟學的角度來分析，高校後勤社會化就是將高校後勤服務納人社會主義市場經濟體系，通過深化改革逐步實現服務主體社會化，變自我服務為社會服務；服務成果商品化，變無償服務為等價有償服務；服務方式市場化，變直接服務為間接服務，從根本上改變計劃經濟條件下形成的「高校辦社會」的狀況，克服高校發展的體制「瓶頸」 ，為高等教育更好地適應我國快速發展的社會經濟創造條件。
  10. It also shows the two principal methods to measure and evaluate the extent of equity, and summarizes the gains and losses, the success and failure that china has made during the decades of planning economy and socialist market economy. after that, the thesis makes an empirical study on the status of equity and efficiency and their relationship in some other countries in the world. at last, using the experience on the issue of equity and efficiency of other countries for reference, and employing the fundamental principles of marxism " political economics and the general approaches of the western economics, the thesis analyzes and demonstrates the issue of equity and efficiency during the process of modernization in china, and proposes the view that china should realize the sound interaction of equity and efficiency basing itself upon the reality and taking a broad view of the future

    本文採取理論研究與實證分析相結合的方法，在搜集和查閱了大量國內外文獻資料的基礎上，詳細介紹了國內外關于效率與公平的概念、分類和相互關系的認識、主張和觀點，介紹了對公平度進行評價的兩種主要方法，總結了中國幾十年計劃經濟和社會主義市場經濟的得失成敗，並對世界主要國家公平與效率的狀況及其結合狀態進行了深入的實證研究，在借鑒世界各國關于效率與公平問題的實踐和經驗教訓的基礎上，運用馬克思主義政治經濟學的基本原理，借鑒西方經濟學的一般方法對中國現代化進程中效率與公平的問題進行了全面、嚴密的分析與論證，提出了社會主義初級階段正確處理公平與效率問題的思路和原則及「立足現實，著眼長遠，實現公平與效率良性互動」觀點。
  11. Microeconomics / planning economics is taught as two modular courses to master of city planning students. the logistics of the modules are explained below and syllabi and course notes follow

    微觀經濟學/計劃經濟學是以兩組課程的模式教授給都市計劃的碩士班研究生。這個模式的概念將在下面解釋，課程大綱以及注釋亦隨后說明。
  12. Planning economics, required of all students, is a more multi - discipline module which begins with an economic treatment of a subject and then presents a non - economist talking about a specific application / problem

    計劃經濟學所有學生必修，是一個比較多元化課程的模式，從一個主題的經濟論述，然後提出有關特別應用或問題的非經濟性討論。
  13. Students have little choices when they are trained. it has brought about a passive accept model in higher education. in the model the management systems are out of date

    本文認為計劃經濟體制下，我國高等教育的教育教學管理高度集中，學生接受教育的選擇性幾乎沒有，形成了被動接受型高等教育模式。
  14. Business valuation based on modern economy is one of the most difficult and comprehensive professional work in asset appraisal, but also stands for the trend of the appraisal. as china implemented planned economy all the long in the past years, the concept of business value was proposed later than other advanced countries. the study on the theory and method of business valuation we made is relatively backward. all these lead to that we merely use cost method in practice. with the improvement of market economy, the validity of cost method is challenged. hunting for appraisal methods suitable for china circumstance has become more and more urgent. this thesis presents its own opinion on the adjustment of the basic frame of theory of business valuation. for the first time, it puts systems theory into the study of the theory base, and believes that the enterprise as a compound entity has higher efficiency than the sum of its constituent, and then proposes new appraisal assumption. aiming at the obscure understan ding, it analyses a group of conception related to business valuation. after giving a whole analysis and study, this thesis indicates the income approach which emphasizes earning - capacity of a enterprise should become the correct choice of china, and makes a further study on the origin - features and feasibility of this method

    植根于現代經濟的企業價值評估是資產評估中綜合性最強，技術難度最高的業務之一，也是評估業未來的發展方向，由於我國過去長期實行計劃經濟體制，企業價值概念的提出和運用時間較晚，缺少現代經營理念的積累，企業價值評估的理論與方法的研究比較滯后。本文試圖以理性分析和案例分析相結合的方法，系統研究和分析企業價值評估的基礎理論及其現實條件下，適應我國經濟發展的評估方法，以期為構建有中國特色的企業價值評估理論和方法體系做一些有益的探索。文章以企業價值評估的基本概念為起點，在對眾多關于企業性質的學說和理論觀點進行概括抽象的基礎上，指出了整體性、持續經營和盈利性是企業的重要特徵，依據企業的整體性運用系統方法闡明了企業的價值大於組成企業的單項資產價值之和，據此提出了反映企業價值評估特點的有機組合增殖假設；依據盈利性的特點，強調了企業價值評估的核心應為企業的獲利能力，而不是組建企業的成本；對企業價值、企業價值評估含義、特點的論述以及對相關概念的辨析表明了作者的個人觀點和文章的基本定位，而從評估目的入手劃分的以產權變動為目的的企業價值評估和以財務決策為目的的企業價值評估與企業價值評估的假設、評估核心共同決定了評估方法的選用。
  15. The chinese secur ities market is founded and developed in the planned economy time under the nutrition of the government, which made the chinese securities regulation legal system have the characteristics of the planned economy : the excessive administrative regulation., the monotonous regulation subject, the imperfect legal system, and the unclear and unscientific regulation goals. the condition of the financial depression in the country leads to the financial depression internationally

    中國證券市場產生於計劃經濟時代，是在政府的培育下產生和發展的，這使得中國證券監管法律制度帶有嚴重的計劃經濟的烙印：行政干預過多，監管力量單一，法律體系不完善，監管目標不明確，缺乏科學性，國內的這種金融抑制狀態必然導致對外的封閉。
  16. The " net cash flow from operating activities / net profit ", a cash flow indicator that is emphasized both at home and abroad, was first time to be treated as one of the variables for corporate performance. the listed companies of manufacturing industry were grouped according to their asset scale and industry property. the empirical study of equity structure and corporate performance were carried out through combining the empirical analysis and theoretical analysis and by using stochastic variable intercept paral data mode and sas software package

    本文以製造業303家上市公司為總樣本，確定了6個股權結構變量、 7個經營績效變量，並在經營績效變量中，首次引入了國內外尤為關注的現金流量指標? ?盈餘現金保障倍數；將製造業各次類上市公司，按資產規模和行業性質進行劃分，採用實證分析與規范分析相結合的方式，運用計量經濟學建模方法? ?隨機影響變截距平行數據法，應用sas統計軟體，對我國上市公司的股權結構與經營績效進行實證研究。
  17. Chapter two analyzes the status the inrollment policy of the higher education for minorities from macros mid andmicrocosmic section, respectively means the settings the executive instance and the beneficiary who are minority students, by survey and analysis, we can find out the problems that the recruit policy of the higher education for minorities faces : firstly, the great change setting of the inrollment policy of the higher education for minorities, the policy systemic diversification including the change of minority areas and the developmental instance of minority education, which challenge the principle ^, contents and executive mode ; secondly, in the planned economy system, the inrollment policy of the higher education for minorities and correlative employment policy were implemented successfully by national administrational instruction ; but in the market economy ' system, it confronts the problem how to ensure carrying out successively this policy, otherwise, its benef icials who had been taken great change show themselves diversity and multilayer, the root of these problems which this policy faces is how to adapt the new historical era " s need to develop

    宏觀層面是對少數民族高等教育招生政策運行的現實社會背景進行分析；中觀層面是對少數民族高等教育招生政策執行狀況的分析；微觀層面是對少數民族高等教育招生政策的受惠主體? ?少數民族學生的狀況分析。通過這部分調查分析發現，少數民族高等教育招生政策面臨著許多問題：一是少數民族高等教育招生政策運行的社會背景的大變化，政策環境的變化，包括少數民族地區、各少數民族教育發展狀況和高等教育體制改革等方面的變化，使少數民族高等教育政策的實施原則、條文內容、實施方式等都受到挑戰;二是在計劃經濟體制下，少數民族高等教育招生政策以及與之相關的就業政策是在國家行政指令下順利完成;在市場經濟體制下，就出現如何保證少數民族高等教育招生政策的實施和政效的問題;三是少數民族高等教育招生政策的受惠主體?少數民族學生已經有了很大的變化，呈現多元化、多層性特點。如何適應新的歷史時期發展的需要，是少數民族高等教育招生政策現階段面臨的問題的根源所在。
  18. This thesis studies the theoretical basis of global trade of contemporary china and inspects the impact of both classical and neo - classical western trade theories on china ; while doing so, it traces the transition in chinese global trade views, strategic thinking and system. in all, this thesis will reveal the following relationships : global trade thinking by the leadership and the academia ; theoretical foundations and trade policies ; contemporary thinking on trade and socioeconomic development ; contemporary thinking on trade and the history of contemporary thinking on trade ; and the development of thinking on trade and basic guiding thinking

    並進一步得出結論：當代中國對外貿易思想發展過程中始終貫穿著從高度集中的計劃經濟和國家壟斷外貿管理體制向社會主義市場經濟過渡並與國際經貿通行規則接軌這一基本線索，在這思想發展演變過程中體現了以下幾個關系：三代黨和國家領導人的對外貿易思想與學術界學者的對外貿易思想的關系；當代中國對外貿易思想發展過程中理論研究與政策研究的關系；當代中國對外貿易思想與社會經濟發展的關系；當代中國對外貿易思想與中國對外貿易思想史的關系；當代中國對外貿易思想發展與基本指導思想的關系。
  19. Some popular methods in international world encountered failure in china, such as beyond budget management, enterprise resource planning, economic value added and balance score card, etc. this further makes out the theoretical and practical value of devoting into the research of the fitness between ce and mcs. based on the previous statement, this paper tries to review the occident theorists " works and probes into how the different whole ce leads to different mcs. and it also tries to describe the mcs model that chinese enterprises can select in the certain ce

    但同時我國企業目前的管理中，管理控制低效或失效的例子卻比比皆是，尤其是國際上一些理論價值較高和應用效果較好的流行做法，如超預算管理、企業資源計劃、經濟增加值、平衡計分卡等的應用往往流於失敗，這也更進一步說明了研究管理控制系統與控制環境間適應性的問題不僅僅具有學術研究中彌補理論空白的價值，更在實踐中具有重要的應用價值。
  20. It also poillts out that the national reserves - in kind system, formed under chinese planned economic system, is disnded by the means of administration, managemen and mechansm. as a result, the bound of the govemmedal intervention must be clarified to make them more scientific and efficient

    同時指出，在長期計劃經濟條件下建立和發展起來的我國各類國家實物儲備體系，在管理、運營機制、運作方式方面也存在「政府失靈」的問題，必須嚴格限定國家儲備干預的范圍，採取科學、適度的干預方式，提高運作效率，從而對其加以矯正。
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