譜值 的英文怎麼說

And then facing the problem of the channel estimation of the adaptive modulation system, we conclude out the channel estimation algorithms on maximum likelihood ( ml ) estimation and maximum a posteriori ( map ) estimation under the condition of flat fading channel and selective fading channel in detail. to meet flat fading channel, we simulate the relationship of the ratio between the error covariance in map estimation and ml estimation and pilot symbol message length. the conclusion can be drawn from these results

接著，對自適應調制系統中的通道估計問題難點，詳細推導了平衰落通道條件下和選擇性衰落通道條件下最大似然（ ml ）估計和最大后驗概率（ map ）估計演算法，針對平衰落通道，我們模擬了map估計和ml估計的方差與導頻符號長度的關系，模擬結果表明，錯誤方差受多譜勒頻率的變化影響最大，並且對實際的自適應調制系統，導頻符號長度的取值超過20個符號長度時， map通道估計明顯優于ml通道估計。

Dithiocyanomethane is an efficient, broad - spectrum germicide and algaecide, displaying strong exterminating effects against germs, fungus and algae existing in circulating water. it maintains long - term effects and is applicable to broad ph value and temperature ranges

二硫氰基甲烷是一種高效廣譜的殺菌滅藻劑，對于循環水中存在的主要細菌真菌和藻類都具有高效的殺滅效果，而且藥效維持時間長，適應的ph值和溫度范圍較寬。

Avermectins are a series of 16 - membered macrocyclic lactones produced by streptomyces avermitilis with potent anthelmintic and insecticidal activity. they are the most effective agricultural pesticides and antiparasitic agents, and used widely in medical, veterinary and agricultural fields

阿維鏈黴菌（ streptomycesavermitilis ）產生的阿維菌素（ avermectins ）是一組高效、低毒、廣譜的殺蟲抗生素，在醫藥、農業和畜牧業生產中具有良好的應用價值和廣闊的市場前景。

And understanding and studying the spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets in the experimental area, raising that it is the basis of geo - targets information collection with imaging spectrometer data to understand spectral features and variation rules of geo - targets, realizing that in a great extent spectral - integrated - form - based classification method can remove the phenomenon of " different spectrum with same objects " resulted from reflection ratio curve translation because of the angle change among sensor, targets and observation direction, and the average and variance images can be introduced to solve the problem of two kinds of geo - target with similar spectral forms and much different values of whole reflection ratio. it is suggested that " red edge " range bands of vegetation, which has close relationship with vegetation cover and biomass, is the main characteristic bands and important basis for careful vegetation classification and quantitative retrieval, and pixel - based derivative spectral analysis is very useful for removing the effects of soil background values and quantitatively retrieving vegetation biomass and cover. the remote sense quantitative retrieval model is developed for main appraisable factors of desertification monitoring assessment with imaging spectrometer data and then the applicability of model is analyzed

研究結果如下：首先針對荒漠化地區的地物特徵，對高光譜數據不同波段的數據質量、波段組合進行了評價，提出了適用於荒漠化監測的基本波段選擇集；初步了解和掌握了研究地區的地物光譜特性及變異規律，進一步明確了掌握地物光譜特徵和變異規律是用成像光譜儀數據提取地物信息的基礎；發現了基於光譜整體形狀的分類方法在很大程度上能夠消除由於傳感器、地物目標觀測方向之間的角度變化引起的反射率曲線整體平移的「同物異譜」現象，對于譜形相似而整體反射率的值相差較大的兩類地物，通過引入均值和方差圖像參與分類得到解決；研究還表明在植被「紅邊」范圍內的波段是進行荒漠化監測的主要特徵波段，這些波段與植被生物量和蓋度都有密切的關系，是開展精細植被分類研究和植被定量反演的重要基礎；像元的導數光譜分析可以消除土壤背景的影響，是進行植被生物量和蓋度定量反演的有力工具；建立了荒漠化監測主要評價因子的定量反演模型，並分析了模型的適用性。

By comprehensively applying the data of logging, drilling and seismic data, and depending on basin - modeling technology, and synchronously, integrating fluid inclusion homogenization, raman spectrum ingredient assay and autogeny illite age - determining technique, we had the numeric modeling of carboniferous - permian coal measure, including burial history, terrestrial heat history, hydrocarbon - generating and hydrocarbon - expulsing history and reservoir - forming history, at the wenan slope of jizhong depression, in the bohaiwan basin

本文綜合利用鉆井、測井、地震等資料，應用盆地模擬技術，結合流體包裹體測溫、包裹體拉曼光譜成分分析及自生伊利石測年等先進方法，對渤海灣盆地冀中坳陷文安斜坡石炭?二疊系的埋藏史、地熱史、生排烴史和成藏演化史進行了數值模擬。

By using the processing method of sliding time window, the problem of the periodicity range ambiguity is solved. meanwhile, the problem of range ambiguity which is produced because the range of target is biger than the maximum range of radar is also solved by using this method. then, the pulse width parameter which is the most important in the parameters of fmicw is analyzed. the stricter restrict is given to ensure the range spectrum has only one beat frequency after signal processing. at last this thesis introduces the different signal processing methods of fmpcw and fmicw

同時利用該方法解決了fmpcw信號的由於目標距離超過雷達的最大單值測距范圍而引起的距離模糊問題。然後對fmicw波形參數中最為重要的脈沖寬度進行了分析，給出了更為嚴格的約束條件，保證了信號處理后距離譜峰值的唯一性。最後，分別介紹了fmpcw和fmicw信號的不同處理方式，並對兩者不同的時域濾波性能進行了比較，並對二者的差異進行了分析。

Such as when the substrates was benzidine and a - naphthol, the absortion peak was 450nm after catalyticed by dna, and 501nm after catalyticed by pod, if changing substrate to benzidine and pyrocatechol, the absortion peak was 503nm after catalyticed by dna and 603nm after catalyticed by pod. the second difference was the different result after hplc : the result of hplc ( substrates : benzidine and a - naphthol ) showed that the products under the affect of dna and pod had different value on the peak and the area

然後對以聯苯胺與-萘酚為底物，以h _ 2o _ 2為氧化劑，進行高效液相色譜分析，分析結果表明dna與過氧化物酶作用后的產物在峰面積和峰高上有不同數值；同時，不同形式的dna對該反應都有催化活性，表明只要是生物來源的dna （非特異性dna ）都具有一定程度的催化活性。

The understanding of biogeochemical cycle of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur elements in nature ecosystem have increased substantially in the past two decades owing to the improvement of gas isotope ratio mass spectrometer and the wide application of isotopic studies with these elements

摘要近20年由於氣相同位素比值質譜儀的改良和氫、氧、碳、氮和硫等穩定同位素的廣泛研究，穩定同位素的研究技術已實質增加我們對于這些元素在自然生態系中生地化循環的了解。

Due to existing signal processing technology ’ s shortage such aslow measurement, narrow measurement range precision and other poor performance, we introduced a high - precise signal processing technology : firstly, to get power spectrum with hanning windowed welch modified periodogram, search its peak value frequency ; secondly, to apply zooming analysis via goertzel algorithm ; at last, to get a highly precise doppler frequency with energy centrobaric rectifying algorithm 。 the simulating result indicated that this technology introduced could get accurate doppler frequency 。 depending on above discussed technology, we designed a signal processing scheme, and developed a signal processing system. the running result showed high performance, verified the feasibility and reliability of the highly precise signal processing technology introduced. in a word, the technology improved ldv ’ s performance such as measurement precision, measurement range, dynamic response time 。 and it will have a wide application foreground

針對存在的缺點，本文提出了一種應用於激光多普勒測速的高精度信號處理技術，即首先利用加hanning窗的welch修正周期圖演算法得到信號功率譜，搜索其譜峰值頻率，接著利用goertzel頻譜細化演算法對搜索的譜峰進行細化分析，再引入能量重心頻譜校正演算法對細化后的譜峰進行校正分析，從而將離散頻譜分析演算法、頻譜細化演算法和頻譜校正演算法三者有機結合起來，充分發揮各自的優點:通過加hanning窗的welch修正周期圖演算法快速得到功率譜及峰值頻率，通過goertzel演算法獲得分析頻帶的高解析度頻譜，然後通過能量重心校正演算法對細化后的頻譜進行高精度校正，這樣不僅保證了演算法的高效性，而且大大提高了分析的精度。

In addition, the dq - q curves behave in different shapes. it can be concluded that the scaling properties depend colsely on the way, intensity. acting scale and distribution in space of inogenic and exogenic processes. according to the scaling natures of the two landform profiles, it is proposed that the 5km scale is the low limit of the inogenic process effects which begin to dominate landscape patterns in landform systems

該結果對理論地貌研究具有重要意義：不同地貌類型表面的多重分形譜值域表現為高山區中低山區盆地區的總體特徵，地貌表面多重分形譜特徵表明了內外營力地貌作用類型和強度在空間上分佈的不均勻程度。

Based on the research of intertidal flat topography measure at home and abroad, this article avoids some problems troublesome, such as the dependence of the station of tide gauging, precise match of images and so on. first, we monitor soil water content of intertidal flat through building correlation model between soil water content of intertidal flat and landsat tm data, then we analyse the correlation between soil water content and topography of intertidal flat, last, we extract topography of intertidal flat combining with gis

本文在總結國內外潮灘地形測量研究的基礎上，避開對潮位站的依賴和影像精配準問題，以江蘇大豐港堤附近淤泥質潮灘為研究區域，通過遙感方法建立潮灘土壤水分與tu光譜值的定量數學模型，提取潮灘土壤含水量信息，然後通過潮灘土壤水分與地形的定量關系，結合gis技術反演潮灘地形。

After that, the multifractal spectra dq - q are computed by fixed - mass method. the results show that in the studied scaling range different types of landscapes and profiles in different directions perform different fractal properties, that is, the d value and crossover length ^ decrease in turns with the landform type from high - moutain, mid - low mountain to basin, and the profile parallel to wear grooves often has lower d values ( < 1. 5 ) than those perpendicular to wear grooves do ( 1. 5 ) in the same section

提出以地貌分形特點和渡越長度為依據的地貌層次界定方案，研究指出了5km左右應為宏觀臨界點：不同構造地貌區、不同取向的剖線的多重分形譜值域范圍寬窄表現出中低山區高山區盆地區，垂直構造地貌斜坡方向斜交方向平行方向的特點，表明了內外營力作用的不均勻性和方向性。

Doing the further research on the division frequency stack on the foundation of study of predecessor, at first the residual moveout correction is done to the seismic record, make the phase axle regularity, doing foundation for the same phase stack ; then carried on division scale processing by wavelet transform ; spectrum whitening is done to each scale, the high and low frequency band need to do prolongs, the middle frequency bands only increase the value of the frequency spectrum ; several kinds of methods that estimate the value of signal - noise ratio has been studied further, and summarize their advantage and disadvantage as well as the scope of application ; the seismic record after spectrum whitening is stacked by weighting with the value of the signal - noise ratio ; then estimate the value of signal - noise ratio which is each scale section after stacking, the scale that the signal - noise ratio is big is assigned big weighting, otherwise, the scale that signal - noise ratio value is small is assigned small weight ing, and carried on weighted reconstruct to each scale section

本文在前人研究的基礎上，在分頻疊加方面做了進一步的研究。首先對地震記錄進行剩餘時差校正，校齊同相軸，為同相疊加做好基礎工作；然後對地震記錄用小波變換的方法進行分尺度處理；對各個尺度分別做譜白化，對于高、低頻段需要做頻帶延拓，中間頻段僅提升頻譜值；對于幾種信噪比定量估計的方法進行了深入的研究，並且總結了它們的優缺點以及適用范圍；對譜白化后的地震記錄用信噪比估計值作為加權系數進行加權疊加；對于各尺度的疊加剖面也進行信噪比估計，對于信噪比大的尺度給予大的加權系數，反之，信噪比值小的尺度給予小的加權系數，對各尺度疊加剖面進行加權重構。

Study on blasting vibration damage based on response spectrum

基於反應譜值分析的爆破震動破壞評估研究

Results show that all the parts of the artillery produce vibration acceleration in the traveling course. the power spectrum is mainly in the low frequency segment. worse road surface and higher speed will cause higher power spectrum value of the acceleration response

結果表明火炮牽引行駛過程中各部件均產生振動加速度，其功率譜主要分佈在在低頻段，路況差、速度高則加速度響應的功率譜值高。

754 horizontal - component digital broad - band records in western north america are processed. the acceleration response spectra are calculated and used as part of the database. the response spectrum values are estimated by the earthquake magnitude definition and are used as another part of the database

將美國西部地區作為參考地區，對美國南加州地區的數字寬頻帶記錄進行了搜集與處理後作為觀測資料，共754條水平向記錄，與利用震級定義所估計的反應譜值一起，用統計回歸的方法建立美國西部長周期加速度反應譜衰減關系。

In addition, effects of several factors such as local site conditions, focal mechanism, epicentral distance and seismic magnitude on these parameters are discussed, and several significative results and conclusions are obtained. in all records there are about 1 / 3 vertical ground motion ’ s peak acceleration bigger than 2 / 3 of the corresponding horizontal one, so the action of vertical ground motion should not to be underestimated. vertical design response spectrum equals that the horizontal design response spectra times 65 % is probably unsafe when period is short, and suggest adopting different coefficients when at different periods

本文基於對大量歐洲強震記錄的研究，分析了地震動豎向與水平向分量在峰值加速度、反應譜值、頻譜周期等參數方面的差異，以及這些參數與場地、震源機制、震級和震中距的關系，得到了以下有意義的結果和結論:在本文分析的地震記錄中大約1 / 3的記錄加速度峰值比大於2 / 3 ，豎向地震動分量的作用不可低估;在短周期，豎向地震動影響系數的最大值僅取為水平向地震動影響系數最大值的65 %是偏於不安全的，可以考慮按周期分段採用不同的折減系數;我國現行抗震規范中設計反應譜特徵周期的取值偏低，可能是偏於不安全的;豎向與水平向地震動分量卓越周期的比值在0 . 7 - 0 . 9之間，豎向設計反應譜的特徵周期應有單獨規定。

Using the theories of probability, algebra and number theory comprehensively, we investigate a class of boolean functions with three - valued walsh spectrum in the first part of this dissertation : the properties of the extended semi - bent functions, which are constructed from any two bent functions, are studied, followed by the structure characteristics of the boolean functions satisfying propagation criterion with respect to all but two vectors ; the definition and cryptographic properties of k - order quasi - bent functions are proposed whose walsh spectrum takes on only three values. some sufficient and necessary conditions are offered to decide whether a boolean function is a k - order quasi - bent function ; a special method is presented to construct the k - order quasi - bent functions, whose cryptographic properties are explored by the matrix method, which is different from the method of walsh spectrum and that of autocorrelation of boolean functions ; the application of this kind of boolean functions in the fields of stream cipher, communications and block ciphers is discussed, which shows the great importance of the fc - order quasi - bent functions ; some methodology are proposed to construct the k - order quasi - bent functions, including the complete construction by using the characteristic matrices of boolean functions, and the recursive method by two known k - order quasi - bent functions we further extend our investigation to the ring zp, where p is a prime, and the similar results are presented as far as the p - valued quasi - generalized - bent functions are considered

本文首先綜合運用概率論、代數學、數論等基礎學科的理論知識，並以頻譜理論作為主要研究工具，對一類譜值分佈相對均勻的函數? ?廣半bent函數、 k階擬bent函數和p值k階擬廣義bent函數進行了系統、深入的研究，給出了廣半bent函數定義，並探討了廣半bent函數的密碼學性質；給出了k階擬bent函數和p值k階擬廣義bent函數的定義及等價判別條件；討論了k階擬bent函數和p值k階擬廣義bent函數與部分bent函數和p值廣義部分bent函數的關系，探討了它們的密碼學性質；給出了k階擬bent函數和p值k階擬廣義bent函數的典型構造方法，並將對k階擬bent函數的密碼性質的研究轉化到對一類特殊的矩陣的研究上；利用布爾函數的特徵矩陣原則上給出了k階擬bent函數的一種完全構造方法，還給出了從已有的p值k階擬廣義bent函數出發，遞歸構造變元個數更多的p值k階擬廣義bent函數的方法；初步探討了k階擬bent函數在序列密碼、分組密碼以及通信中的應用；給出了一類布爾函數walsh譜的分解式，並利用這類布爾函數的walsh譜分解式給出了一類近似穩定的布爾函數的構造，特殊情形下為k階擬bent函數；利用代數數論的知識考察了p值k階擬廣義bent函數的譜特徵，並給出了k階擬廣義bent函數與所有仿射函數的符合率特徵等等。

Besides, this study has analyzed the correlativity of each band with snow depth, and compared snow true measuring spectrum with image spectrum, picked out the most sensitive band to snow depth, build inversion snow depth model

此外，本文分析了modis數據36個波譜值與雪深的相關關系，並將積雪實測光譜與圖像光譜進行對比，挑選出了對雪深反應最敏感並能真實反映積雪光譜的兩個波段，建立了雪深反演模型。

Firstly, fourier descriptor used to describe the object ' s shape is introduced to the extraction of feature of apple ' s shape. the boundary of apple is an obturated curve, distance between boundary point and centroid r ( k ) " is used as a function to express the 2 - d boundary in spatial domain. the fourier transform coefficients of the discrete sequences f ( h ) are spectrum values in frequency domain, and they compose feature parameters of shape

首次將圖像分析理論中對形狀的傅立葉描述方法引入到對蘋果形狀的特徵提取中，果實邊界是一條封閉曲線，用邊界點到形心之間的距離長度r （ l ）作為空域中對二維曲線的表達函數，離散的函數值序列r （ k ） ~ l的離散傅立葉變換系數f （ h ）就是頻域中得到的頻譜值，可作為形狀的特徵參數。