費用的實效度 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [bìyòngdeshíxiàodù]
費用的實效度 英文
cost effectiveness
  • 費 : Ⅰ名詞1 （費用） fee; expense; expenditure; dues; charge 2 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（花費; 耗費） ...
  • 用 : Ⅰ動詞1 （使用） use; employ; apply 2 （多用於否定: 需要） need 3 （敬辭: 吃; 喝） eat; drink Ⅱ名...
  • 的 : 4次方是 The fourth power of 2 is direction
  • 實 : Ⅰ形容詞1 （內部完全填滿 沒有空隙） solid 2 （真實; 實在） true; real; honest Ⅱ名詞1 （實際; 事實...
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 度 : 度動詞[書面語] （推測; 估計） surmise; estimate
  • 費用 : cost; expenses; outlay
  1. The experimental results showed that in the condition of this experiment four algaecides all had strong removing rate on algae, and their removing rate increased with dose increasing, and decreased with algae density increasing. according to the removing rate on algae and cost value or so, the sequence of four algaecides from good to bad were potassium permanganate, copper sulfate, hydrogen peroxide and sodium hypochlorite. in the condition of this experiment, the suitable dose of potassium permanganate was 0. 8mg / l, the algal removing rate was beyond 90 % and the cost of this algaecide was only 0. 0068 / m3. the efficiency of algae removal by four algaecides for huanghe river water was studied. the results showed that the majority of huanghe river water was bacillaroiphyta, and the dominant genera was melosira, which reached 78 % ~ 94 %

    結果表明，在實驗條件下，四種殺藻劑均具有一定的殺藻效果，藻類去除率均隨藥劑投量的增加而提高；原水藻類數量影響殺藻劑殺藻效果，四種殺藻劑的藻類去除率均隨原水藻類數量的增加而降低；通過殺藻效果、經濟性以及安全性等方面的綜合比較，對于以有毒藍藻為優勢藻屬的引灤水，四種殺藻劑的優劣程度從優到劣排序為：高錳酸鉀硫酸銅過氧化氫次氯酸鈉；在實驗條件下，高錳酸鉀適宜投加量為0 . 8mg l ，藻類去除率高於90 ，所需的藥劑費用僅為0 . 0068元m ~ 3 。
  2. To raise both economic and social benefits of hospitals, many measures need to be considered : management through net - works ; raising the quality of the staff of shroff ; establish rules and regulations ; set up 3 - level auditing system ; consummate the management course of the patients ' charge ; make up of various possible leaks ; reduce the patients ' arrearage

    通過微機網路化管理，提高收費員的整體素質，建章立規，實行三級審核制度，完善在院病人費用的環節管理，堵塞各種漏洞，減少出院病人欠款，使醫院社會效益和經濟效益同步上升。
  3. This paper takes mobile engineering department equipment management of daqing petrochemical parent company as an example, and studies the design and application of equipment management system of daqing petrochemical parent company, for the implement of computerizing the equipment entire process management with the equipment management system and completing the synthesis management, the records management, the expense management, the fixed asset management, the specialized management and the information management with the computer system and making in the manual management some qualitative and stochastic ingredients transforming into the quantitative standard management. so it guarantees that we can perform advanced predicting management in the entire process of the matter movement and the value movement of equipment and complete the equipment servicing transition from the compulsory servicing and afterwards servicing to the preventive servicing, improving work quality, efficiency and modernized degree which the equipment manages and assisting enterprise ’ s equipment management decision - making and the whole realization of management goal and enhancing the enterprise ’ s interior equipment utilization and realizing its maximum profit

    本文以大慶石化總廠機動工程部的設備管理為例，對大慶石化總廠設備管理系統的設計與應用進行研究，旨在通過設備管理系統實現設備全過程管理計算機化，由計算機系統來完成設備的綜合管理、檔案管理、費用管理、固定資產管理、專業管理及信息管理，使人工管理中一些定性的、隨機的成分轉變為定量的規范的管理，保證大慶石化總廠對設備的物質運動和價值運動的全過程實行先進的可預知性管理，並逐漸將設備維修從目前的以強制性維修及事後維修為主過渡到以預防性維修為主，提高設備管理的工作質量、效率和現代化程度，輔助企業的設備管理工作決策及經營管理目標的整體實現，提高大慶石化總廠內部設備的利用率及實現其最大的經濟效益。
  4. In our country, the constitutional basis for the right to know lies in the popular - sovereignty principle, the right to participate in, debate over and supervise governmental procedures, and other constitutional rights based on the principle of free speech. wto ' s " principle of transparency " stipulates that all involved parties must publish all the commonly - practiced legislative and administrative regulations concerning duties, fees for taxes and other export and import polici

    _ wto透明度原則，是指締約方有效實施的有關關稅及其它稅費和有關進出口貿易措施的所有法令、條例和普遍適用的司法判例以及行政決定，締約方締結的影響國際貿易政策的協定，都必須公布，以便各國政府及貿易商熟悉它們，其目的在於防止貿易歧視，以實現締約雙方之間的公平貿易。
  5. Using the net assets per capital, the investment return rate, the t - m model, the h - m model, the single factor evaluating model which consists of the treynor index, the jensen index, the sharpe index and the square m index, we evaluate the performance of the twelve mutual funds. and we come to the following conclusions : ( 1 ) after the modification of the risk factor, our mutual funds in the recent one year outguess the market ; ( 2 ) better performance comes from the aid of the government, the improvement of the investment environment and the hard, smart work of the managers especially in the way of selecting some securities in the capital market. ( 3 ) though we make progress, there are still many problems which prevent the further development of our mutual funds such as the devise of the management fee and the characteristics of different funds, all of them divided into the subjective ones and the objective ones

    通過使用投資基金單位凈資產和投資收益率指標、單因素整體績效評估模型，包括treynor指數、 jensen指數、 sharpe指數和業績的m ~ 2測度以及t - m 、 h - m模型對12隻樣本基金進行實證研究，實證研究表明： （ 1 ）經過風險調整后，在最近的一年中，我國證券投資基金的業績總體上優於市場基準組合； （ 2 ）基金業績的提高得益於管理層的重視、投資環境的改善和基金經理的經營，而基金經理的良好業績是通過一定的證券選擇來獲得的； （ 3 ）已成為證券市場上舉足輕重力量的基金在發展過程中雖然取得了一定的成績但其進一步發展還面臨著許多問題，有主觀存在的諸如管理費率的設定、基金風格方面的問題等等，也有客觀存在的諸如證券市場現階段的不完善等等，所以，我們應該抓住《證券投資基金法》問世帶給基金業發展的契機，大力促進證券投資基金規范發展，採取各種措施做大、做優和做強基金業。
  6. ( we call it “ monopoly model ” ). this “ monopoly model ” neglects the ecological and public nature as well as the rareness of the resources ; as a result, it leads to the inefficiency, ineffectiveness and waste of the natural resources, interrupting the implementation of the sustainable development strategy

    這種制度模式忽視了自然資源的生態、稀缺與公共屬性，忽視了市場機制與公眾參與對自然資源開發、利用與生態環境保護的重要意義，導致了自然資源利用低效率、無效率，浪費嚴重，嚴重威脅著我國可持續發展戰略的實施。
  7. The dvd recent three stars face toes the chinese consumer, releases the world the section 1 to make to order for high and clear degree television to broadcast the, namely three stars the dvd - hd938, it can pass the general port to realize the pal system the type bottom to is every other line with the line painting quality for scanning outputting 576 is 576 p, can emerging the export surplus commonly even pal system type line scanning ; but the adoption image strengthen the technique to ask for help the dvi port to can more realizes 1080 is 720s p exportation result. more important, pass to see the format conversion of the, and the can of high and clear degree television is produceding can attain of distinguish the rate. 1080 is 720 p

    慧聰影音商務網最近三星面向中國消費者，推出了世界第一款為高清晰度電視定製的dvd播放器，即三星dvd - hd938 ，它可以通過一般埠實現pal制式下隔行和逐行掃描輸出576i 576p ，能夠展現出超過普通甚至pal制式逐行掃描的畫質而採用影像增強技術藉助dvi埠更可以實現1080i 720p輸出效果。更重要的是，通過視頻的格式轉換，可以產生高清晰度電視所能達到的解析度1080i 720p 。
  8. Under the background of the global economy homologization, it has strong meaning to guide us to use the foreign experience for reference in the product management through reseaching the law of the development of the advanced enterprise on the world. this is our paper top point. the paper has explained the technical development of toyota hiace series van vehicles and summarized the basic factors of toyota company in prolonging the product life period through analyzing the evolution of outside appearance and technical performance of toyota hiace series van vehicles

    因此，在全球經濟一體化的大背景下，通過對世界先進企業成熟產品技術發展規律的研究，為我們更具針對性地借鑒國外汽車生產企業在產品經營管理方面的技術優勢與管理經驗，探尋出一新的途徑，以有效地提高我公司新產品開發研製的速度並減少費用支出，降低研發成本而言，具有較強的實際意義。
  9. Based on the theory of demand levels proposed by a. maslow, the present thesis investigates and compares the main difference of utilities among armymen at different levels according to their income levels. moreover, it quantitatively analyzes the influence on the individual utility of armmen at different level caused by increase in satisfying every demand, to find out the basic information and the main problems on the armymen ' s salary, welfare, spiritual encouragement and so on, systematically summarizing and analyzing the actual problems existing in the charge collocation of military personnel in our country. based upon the new research view, the present author reviews and benefits from the useful practice and experience of the charge collocation of military personnel abroad, constructs the economic model to analyze the quantitative relationship between the individual utility of armymen and the encouraged effect of military personnel, as well as between the input of military - personnel charge and its output of the encouraged effect, and put forward the proposal for maximizing the encouraged effect caused by the charge of military personnel of our country, trying to enter a new research area for human resource economy of military personnel and national defense investment economy in our country

    本文借鑒馬斯洛需求層次理論，把軍事人員按收入級別劃分為不同層次，調查分析比較了不同層次軍人的效用觀主要區別，並把每一需求滿足的增加對不同層次軍事人員個人效用的影響加以量化分析，從而找出了我國軍人工資、福利、精神獎勵等的基本情況和存在的主要問題，系統總結和分析了我軍軍事人員費配置中存在的實際問題;並進而立足這一新的研究角度，考察和借鑒了國外軍事人員費配置的有益做法和經驗，建構和分析了軍人個人效用與其對軍事人員的激勵效應之間以及軍事人員費的投入與軍事人員費所產生的激勵效應之間數量關系的經濟模型，提出了我軍軍事人員費實現激勵效應最大化途徑的建議，嘗試著進入我國軍事人力資源經濟學和國防投資經濟學的新的研究領域。
  10. The main conclusions read as follows : ( 1 ) on the premise of stabling the land contract right, the land use right could be transferred, in order to make better use of land ; ( 2 ) propose considering the net profit of land and farmer ' s minimum living guarantee synthetically to make the price standard of land, drawing up the fee of tlur according to the difference between the net profit of land and the contract fee, and perfecting the land grades system additionally ; ( 3 ) to reduce the transaction costs of land transference, we should establish and perfect the medium mechanism of land transference ; ( 4 ) to affect the institutional changes positively, government should do a good job of macro - control, and optimize the institution environment continually

    本文的主要結論是： （ 1 ）在穩定土地承包權的前提下，土地使用權應進行市場化流轉，實現農村土地的有效利用和適度規模經營； （ 2 ）建議綜合考慮土地純收益和農產最低生活保障來制訂土地價格標準，而土地使用權流轉費應根據土地純收益與集體承包費的差額來確定，另外必須健全土地分等定級制度； （ 3 ）為了降低土地流轉的交易費用，必須建立和規范土地交易中介機制； （ 4 ）做好宏觀調控工作，不斷優化制度環境，發揮政府在制度變遷中的積極作用。
  11. In the base of investigating and analyzing to working theory, measure methods and relevant standard, the text processes particular analyses to the working theory of billing system and reason of making billing wrong and puts forward technology index and measure method that can externally evaluate the capability of billing system and is suit to the situation of our country. some indexes and measure way are put forward for the first time ( example error of call clock, time error and measure method to moving exchanger ' s billing system. ) through analyzing telecom charging way, charging users, charging point and charging methods of telecom basic and all kinds value - added operation and utilizing the newest measure apparatus, modern measure technology, communication technology and probable method, this text puts more scientific, efficient and easily operated measure methods and process a uncertain analysis to measure methods

    本文在調查和分析國內外局用交換機計費系統工作原理、檢測方法和相關標準的基礎上，對計費系統的工作原理和產生計費錯誤的原因進行了詳細的分析，提出了適合國情的能夠客觀評價計費系統計量性能的技術指標和檢測方法，有些指標和檢測方法在國內相關資料中屬首次提出，如通話計時誤差和時刻誤差和對移動交換機計費系統的一些檢測方法；本文通過對電信基礎業務和各類增值業務的計費方式、計費用戶、計費點和計費方法的分析，利用國內外最新檢測儀器、現代檢測技術、通信技術和概率統計方法，提出了較科學、有效和利於實施的檢測方法，並對檢測結果的測量不確定度進行了分析。
  12. What is analyzed and studied is how to establish a practical material transaction system to reduce purchase and circulation expense, and to improve enterprise profits. on the basis of the current material supply management mode of shengli oil field, according to her several years practice and profoundly thinking

    本文以降低物資采購成本，加快物資流轉速度，節約流轉費用，提高企業經濟效益為目標，對勝利油田現有物資供應管理模式進行分析和研究，從實際出發，為勝利油田提供一套切實可行的物流系統管理模式? ?現代化物流管理體系，以全面提升勝利油田物資供應管理水平。
  13. The monitoring system can also improve the efficiency of navigation mark management, reduce the maintenance cost of navigation mark, relieve the work intensity of employees, and realize the information sharing of navigation mark

    本監控系統還可以提高航標的管理效率，降低航標的維護費用，減輕航標管理人員的勞動強度，並實現航標信息的共享。
  14. Following, making development study from the three directions : the first one is how to reduce calculation when to use markowitz model. this text has improved the efficient frontier of markowitz model utilizing free risk assets, and reduced calculation about revenue rates " co - variance matrix utilizing single or multiple factors, and so on. the second one is to add thinking factors about, such as transaction fee, fund limitation, lowest transaction unit ' s limitation, risk measures and exchange rate risk of international portfolio securities, so as to make markowitz model closer to our country ' s practice

    接著，分三今方向對markowitz模型進行了拓展研究：第一個方向是運用markowitz模型時如何減少計算量，本文利用無風險資產來改進markowitz模型的有效邊界，利用單因子或多因子模型來減少收益率協方差的計算量等等；第二個方向是增加考慮因素，諸如交易費用、資金限制、最小交易單位限制，風險測度和國際組合證券的匯率風險，使markowitz模型更貼近我國的實際；第三個方向是對markowitz模型進行動態拓展研究，提出了將證券收益率看成是隨機序列時的投資決策模型，深入研究了m ? v有效邊界隨資產品種數增加而發生的漂移，並用解析方法和幾何圖形描述了漂移的軌跡和方向。
  15. By applying the marketing theory of associate programs respectively to beijing youth daily ' s, luoyang daily ' s, beijing star daily ' s practice of membership system in distributing the newspaper, this thesis holds that the mode of membership in newspaper distribution is a breakthrough and innovation in the marketing of the press in the increasingly complicated circumstance, in which the competition among newspapers becomes more and more intense, readers " fidelity decreases, the audience decides its consumption behavior more and more on its emotional appeal, newspapers devote more to building up intimate relationship with its target audience and paying more attention to effective distribution, the market is more and more categorized, traditional ways of marketing have been less and less influential and the entry into the wto has brought about great challenge to the press industry

    《北京青年報》 、 《洛陽日報》 、 《北京娛樂信報》等報刊借鑒其他行業會員制營銷模式，在報紙行業進行了會員制發行模式的實踐，對尚處嘗試階段的會員制發行模式進行了理性探索。 「會員制」發行模式是報業在市場競爭日趨激烈、讀者忠誠度降低、市場細分加劇、報社開始注重有效發行、報紙營銷趨向產品服務化、讀者產生感性消費需要、傳統促銷方法逐漸失效及加入wto給我國報業帶來的挑戰等復雜多變的市場環境中，報社運用關系營銷理念和數據庫技術，在營銷手段方面尋找的突破和創新之舉。其產生是必然的。
  16. The engendering source of traffic volumes and their general influential factors have been presented, and the situation of nowadays highway transportation has been discussed. according to the introduction of traffic distribution theory and classical assignment method, analysis of traffic flow path selection among cities and that of special influential factors for traffic flow on toll highways, initial analysis to the forming mechanism of traffic volume on road sections has been made, and a probability model for path selection has been set up with the maximum - utility theory and disaggregating model. detailed analysis to impedances on road sections and their functions ( especially to three main composing factors of the impedances as cost of time, transport and toll and to the functional relations with traffic loads ) was made, at the same time, the relative cost calculating model was set up on the basis of the state - of - art achievements in both international and national researches

    主要研究內容包括：交通量的產生根源及一般影響因素分析和當前公路運輸地位討論；從交通分配理論及經典配流方法著手，通過分析城市間交通流路徑選擇行為和收費公路路段交通量特殊影響因素，初步提出路段交通量的形成機理，並採用效用極大原理和非集結模型理論（ disaggregationmodel ） ，建立用戶出行路徑選擇概率模型；對路段阻抗及路阻函數（尤其對行程時間費用、車輛營運費用和道路收費這三個構成路段阻抗的主要因素及其與交通負荷間的函數關系）進行較為詳盡的分析，並以現階段國內外較為先進的研究成果為依據建立相應的成本測算模型，其中，特別提出了兩種確定客貨車輛時間價值的分析方法；離散分析法和時間-費率轉換法，後者是在目前基礎調查、統計數據資料不夠齊全的現實下提出的一種確定道路系統內務車型時間價值的較為實用的新方法；對我國公路收費政策的背景和理論、實踐依據及費率的各種影響因素進行重點分析；從數學的角度證明合理費率的存在性，並以最優化理論為基礎，建立在普通收費公路和擁擠路段交通調控型收費公路兩種模式下合理費率的計算模型等。
  17. The article has researched the intention of agricultural industrialization which is guided by market and mainstay enterprises, based on agricultural product base organized by a lot of families, and characterized by joint management and mutual benefit. it also realized production specialization, product commercialization, service socialization and etc. the article has also researched the existing conditions of agricultural industrialization both at home and abroad. although it is different in national conditions and actual practice, the developed countries follows the market economic law and naturally steps on the road of agricultural industrialization. as the continuous reforming and opening up, china actively explores and enhances the management level of agricultural industrialization. the writer uses system changing theory, scale management theory, trade expense theory. market system theory and industrial economics theory, to put forward the main type of mainstay enterprises, which is divided by ownership, organization form, contact form and product. the writer thinks that development of mainstay enterprises can promote effective joining between small production and big market, the developing of high - benefit agriculture, establishing trade / industry / agriculture operation system, region economics and joining process between urban area and rural area. the existing conditions in strengthening the mainstay enterprises in zhaoyuan embodies continuous expanding in scale. continuous widening in fields, continuous enhancing in benefits, continuous improving in techology and quality. by finding the problem and shortage in product quality, developing ability and scale strength, the article has put forward the following views : face to market and enhance quality and techological content of agricultural products ; enforce flexible policy and investments ; establish fair and reasonable benefits joining system. the article has also put forward the countermeasures and suggestions on enhancing the enterprises ' management level

    文章研究了農業產業化經營的內涵，明確其以市場為導向、以龍頭企業為依託、以一大批農戶組成的農產品生產基地為基礎，形成農工商有機結合、風險共擔、利益均沾的本質特點，表現出生產專業化、經營一體化、企業規模化、產品商品化、服務社會化等特徵。分析了國內外產業化經營的現狀，認為盡管各國的國情不同，具體的做法和叫法不盡相同，但是經濟發達國家都遵循市場經濟規律，很自然走上了農業產業化經營的道路，發展中國家紛紛仿效，中國也隨著改革開放不斷深入，積極探索發展提高農業產業化經營水平。作者運用制度變遷理論、規模經營理論、交易費用理論、市場機制理論和產業經濟學理論，提出了龍頭企業從所有制形式、從組織形式、從聯系方式及從產品上劃分的主要類型；認為發展龍頭企業有促進小生產與大市場的有效對接、推動優質高效農業縱深發展、建立貿工農一體化運行機制、振興區域經濟、加速城鄉一體化進程等作用；考察了招遠市壯大龍頭企業推進農業產業化的現狀，表現在規模不斷擴大、領域不斷拓寬、效益不斷提高、技術不斷改進、質量不斷提高等方面；找出了龍頭企業產品質量上、開發能力上、規模實力上和行業自律上的問題和差距，提出了要面向市場，努力提高農產品的質量和科技含量，多策並舉，搞活投入機制，建立公平合理的利益聯結機制，加強行業自律，提高企業經營管理水平等對策和建議。
  18. Applying the stocking - methodology and management - theory of supply chain management and making use of the supplier cooperation relationship management, the capital flow management, the information management based on advanced technology such as edi, storage management, achievement evaluation and so on, the enterprise realize the jit purchasing on the situation of absenting enough detailed classification of product, finally fulfill the requirement of acutely variable order form, maximize the degree of customers " satisfaction, improve the adherence and contentment of customers, at the same time minimize the cost of the whole organization and establish a new multi - profit purchasing pattern

    本文運用供應鏈管理中先進的采購方法和管理理論，通過對供應商的戰略合作夥伴關系管理，資金流管理，以edi等技術支撐的信息系統管理，庫存管理和績效評價等方法和措施，在產品細分不足的情況下，實現準時采購，解決滿足波動較大的訂單需求的問題，使消費者滿意最大化，提高顧客的滿意度和忠誠度，同時使組織付出的成本最小化，建立起一種多贏的新型采購模式。
  19. An efficient algorithm qais is proposed that uses the efficient method to reduce database access activity, and present a novel algorithm aiu based on this algorithm, it is fit for mining association rules and incremental updating. it is especially effective in vldb, mining long patterns, and high support. the perfermance of qais / aiu is verified on the basis of synthetic data, experiments show that the proposed algorithm can mine association rules more efficiently by not generating candidate itemsets and reducing the redundancy of frequent itemsets while generating association rules

    然而目前大多數挖掘關聯規則的演算法往往必需多次掃描事務數據庫才能達到要求的目標，這樣重復性的數據庫存取動作將會導致過多的執行時問浪費在i o動作上，另外在頻繁集生成規則時現有的演算法沒有考慮到規則的大量冗餘，為了解決這個問題本文提出了一個不需要生成候選集同時有效的去除生成規則時產生大量冗餘的演算法qais ，來提高關聯規則生成的速度，並且在此演算法基礎上提出了新穎的關聯規則增量更新演算法aiu ，通過應用合成數據驗證了qais aiu演算法的有效性，由試驗結果來看這個方法確實能更有效且準確地獲得事務數據庫的關聯規則，尤其適合挖掘超大數據庫中高支持度下長模式的挖掘。
  20. The composite material structural designing is the key to application to structure with science and reason and reduction in the whole life - span period ' s expense. the important is to fully making use of the excellence, such as the orientation of the composite material efficiency, the programmable of the structural efficiency, the good techniques of the good sized component wholly taking shape and the structural hidness to a certain extent, and achieving the synthetical optimization in structural efficiency,

    復合材料結構設計是復合材料在結構上合理應用和降低全壽命周期費用的關鍵。重點在於充分利用復合材料性能的方向性、結構性能的可設計性和大型構件整體成形的良好工藝性以及可在一定程度上實現結構隱身等優點，實現結構效率、性能、功能與成本的綜合優化。
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