貿易壟斷 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [màoyìlǒngduàn]
貿易壟斷 英文
trade monopoly
  • 貿 : 名詞1. （貿易） trade 2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 易 : Ⅰ形容詞1. （容易） easy 2. （平和） amiable Ⅱ動詞1. （改變; 變換） change 2. （交換） exchange Ⅲ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 壟 : 名詞1. （耕地上培成的土埂） ridge 2. （田地分界的稍稍高起的小路） raised path between fields3. （像壟的東西） ridge-like things
  • 斷 : Ⅰ動詞1 （分成段） break; snap 2 （斷絕;隔斷） break off; cut off; stop 3 （戒除） give up; abstai...
  • 貿易 : trade
  • 壟斷 : monopolize; forestall; monopoly
  1. They establish gradually the status of market subject in the course of joining international division of labor and competition with other countries for world market subject. for export performance of enterprise, evaluation only by the earn foreign exchange through exports is contretemps, which need to review by the angle of modern enterprise. so, how to evaluate export performance and establish export performance evaluation system become important

    傳統外貿企業的發展，也從改革開放前的壟斷經營到目前與外資企業、民營企業三分天下的格局，各自都逐漸確立了其在參與國際分工和國際貿易競爭中的微觀主體地位。對企業的出口績效，以前那種單純的以出口創匯為指標來評價的方法顯然已經不合時宜，需要從現代企業市場主體的角度來重新加以審視。
  2. Speelman replied by asking for the monopoly of the trade of johore and pahang.

    施貝爾曼在答復中要求取得對柔佛和彭亨的貿易壟斷。
  3. British landmarks are the establishment of the monopolies commission and the restrictive trade practices act.

    英國的劃時代事件是建立壟斷委員會和限制貿易實施法案。
  4. With the abandonment of mercantilism and the grant of oversea state trading monopolies, paternalism gave way to private enterprise

    參考譯文：放棄重商主義，賦予海外貿易的國家壟斷權，家長式的管理便讓位給了私人企業。
  5. On the monopolize system in foreign trade of russia

    論俄羅斯對外貿易壟斷制
  6. In addition, by the deep introduction of antitrust guideline for the licensing of intellectual property issued by the u s department of justice and the federal trade commission and several business review letters on mpeg and dvd pools issued by the antitrust division of u s department of justice, the disquisition provides the basic principles for operation of the patent pool, such as the inclusion rule, voluntary rule and bona fide rule, as well as many specific legal characteristics of the patent pools

    同時通過對美國司法部與聯邦貿易委員會發布的知識產權許可的反壟斷指南以及美國司法部反壟斷司針對mpegla和dvdpool兩個專利池組織發布的商務復核意見的深入分析，總結了專利池許可模式，尤其是為推行標準設立的大型開放型專利池許可模式在運作中所應遵守的包容性，自願性以及誠實信用原則以及若干具體的法律特徵。
  7. In the meantime, it is also a great help to chinese economy transforming into market economy, as it is propitious to founding market - oriented system frame, developing unpublicized economy to pluralize the ownership structure, breaking country monopoly and promoting competition, reforming state - owned firms, liberalizing trade and investment gradually to push domestic economy into world economy system

    同時，外商直接投資在中國向市場經濟轉型過程中也發揮了重要的作用，如有利於建立市場取向的制度框架；發展非公有經濟使所有制結構多元< wp = 3 >化；打破國家壟斷，促進競爭；改革公有企業；逐漸開放貿易和投資，使國內經濟進入世界經濟體系。
  8. It has lowered trade barriers and tax rates, broken state monopolies, unshackled industry, encouraged competition, and opened up to the rest of the world

    它減少貿易壁壘，降低稅率，打破國家壟斷，解放工業，鼓勵競爭，向全世界開放。
  9. One that trespasses on a trade monopoly, as by conducting unauthorized trade in an area designated to a chartered company

    私商，無照營業者侵犯貿易壟斷企業的人，例如在有特許權公司的經營范圍內從事未經許可的貿易活動
  10. In the practical operation of the cohong system, interests of the different groups were involved, including the state, the guangdong customs, the hong merchants, foreign traders, and private chinese businessmen

    行商握有壟斷經營對外貿易的權力，同時又負責徵收進出口貨物的關稅，代表清政府與外商交涉並進行嚴格的管制。
  11. The cohong system of early qing dynasty was the monopolistic in its separation of ownership and management, which made the hong merchants a type of official businessman and the autocratic state ' s instrument for controlling foreign trade

    摘要清代前期實行的行商制度，具有對外貿易壟斷所有權與壟斷經營權相分離的壟斷特徵。
  12. It has dual influences on all the parties of trade, which will provide direct or indirect protection for a special industry by raising the costs of production and operation of competitors, and finally influences the promotion of their competitiveness and the selection of the industry

    兩者的契合形成了以技術專利化專利標準化標準壟斷化為核心的、新的貿易壁壘形式，對貿易各方產生雙重影響，即政策對供給要素的影響能夠直接或間接地在保護特定產業的基礎上，提高競爭廠商的生產和經營成本，影響其競爭力的提高和產業的選擇方向。
  13. He established a government monopoly in the sandalwood trade, and he collected duties ( charges ) from visiting ships

    他讓政府壟斷檀香木貿易並對造訪船隻征稅。
  14. On the inner system, by analyzing the strategic trends of patents standardization and the advanced countries " monopolizing position of the key technology in the high technological fields, for instance, electron 、 telecommunication 、 medicine manufacture etc., in accordance with the promises to 《 agreements on trade - related aspecds of intellectual property rights 》 and 《 ageement on technical barrier to trade 》 when china entered the wto, the writer points out our country ' s disadvantage. so it is practical for our country to play the role of " world factory ". through mastering and using the foreign countries " key technology, we can develop our own patents

    在外在制度上，通過對國際專利技術標準化戰略動向（專利技術? ?技術標準? ?技術許可的企業生存戰略）和國外發達國家在當今高科技領域如電子、通信、醫藥製造等壟斷核心技術的地位的分析，結合中國在加入世界貿易組織時在《與貿易有關的知識產權協定》和《貿易技術壁壘協定》方面的承諾，認識到中國的被動地位，因此，中國應把自己的角色定位在「世界大工廠」上，通過技術許可掌握和使用國外的核心技術，並在此基礎上發展自己的自主專利知識產權，化被動為主動。
  15. With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior

    傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。
  16. Immediately after, this article analyzed gains or losses of standardize, analyzed the two greatest irregularities because of standardize : standardize monopoly and international trade technical barrier. standardize monopoly comes from the abuse of patent right, because of the close relation between standardize and patent right. through the article listed a lot of examples, introduced the proceeding how enterprise abuse patent right to restrict competition

    接著，分析了標準化的利弊，重點分析了標準化所產生的兩大弊端:標準化壟斷和國際貿易技術壁壘。由於標準化和專利權有著密切聯系，標準化壟斷基本上是由於專利權的濫用所產生的，詳細介紹了企業在標準化戰略中，如何濫用專利權限制競爭。
  17. It is necessary to note, however, that these services do not require monopoly trading powers.

    但須注意的是，這些服務不需要貿易壟斷權。
  18. This is not only because it was their knowledge, not that of fan zhongyan " s, of wang anshi " s, or of su shi " s, which became the dominating power for constructing the order of education and social life in later imperial china, but also because new confucianism, seeing from zhou

    Chaffee ， 1995 ： 66 ） 」韋伯在讀過王安石的材料后，覺得在中國歷史上「最了不起的嘗試是王安石的建立獨特經濟組織的計劃，他在十一世紀試圖建立一個… …實行貿易壟斷的政府」 。
  19. In bilateral trade between developed countries and developing countries, developed countries tend to be the monopolies and gain the majority of the interests

    在發達國家與欠發達國家的雙邊貿易中，發達國家往往處于壟斷的位置，取得大部分交易利益。
  20. Internal conflicts and settlement of rules on foreign trade exemption in antimonopoly law

    論反壟斷對外貿易豁免規則的內在沖突及其克服
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