貿易效果 的英文怎麼說

中文拼音 [màoyìxiàoguǒ]
貿易效果 英文
effect of trade
  • 貿 : 名詞1. （貿易） trade 2. （姓氏） a surname
  • 易 : Ⅰ形容詞1. （容易） easy 2. （平和） amiable Ⅱ動詞1. （改變; 變換） change 2. （交換） exchange Ⅲ名詞（姓氏） a surname
  • 效 : Ⅰ名詞（效果; 功用） effect; efficiency; result Ⅱ動詞1 （仿效） imitate; follow the example of 2 ...
  • 果 : Ⅰ名詞1 （果子） fruit 2 （事情的結局; 結果） result ; consequence 3 （姓氏） a surname Ⅱ動詞（吃...
  • 貿易 : trade
  • 效果 : 1. （產生的結果） effect; result 2. [劇] sound effects
  1. Two asian examples of the opening of trade seem to have given a socially benign result.

    兩個亞洲國家開展貿易的例子看來取得了良好的社會效果。
  2. From the point of the roles of both the active and negative aspects of the objective rational, this article adopts the theory of law positivism and the method of law economy analysis to discuss the roles and limitation of the meaning of the intention components of causality and the ultimate aim of the objective rational, and the internal economy principles or rules of the shipping economy and trade deduced from the shipping facts and the benthamism, the most avail of the most majority nations, the maximum of the whole avail of both the ship interests and the cargo interests, and the protection and promotion of the development of the shipping economy in the legislation area of the basis of liability of the carriers

    摘要從目的理性在消極方面和積極方面作用角度出發，運用法律實證主義理論和法律經濟分析方法，論述了因果方面的目的成分的意義、目的理性的終極目的，以及從航運事實和功利主義所引出的航運經濟與貿易內在經濟法則或規律，最大多數國家的最大效用、船貨雙方整體效用最大化與促進保護航運經濟發展，在承運人責任基礎立法領域中的作用與局限性。
  3. After entry of wto, there are still many maladjustments in guangxi ' s seed industry, such as the weak foundation of sees industry development ; the unformed market of the seed industry for fair competition ; small - scale seed enterprises ; no systematic connection among the cultivation, breeding and marketing ; lower qualification of staff who work in the seed industry and with weak sense of laws, and lack of the knowledge in operating experiences in the international market and trade etc. yet the un - efficiency system, unclear property right in enterprises, the lack of an effective mechanism to promote the rational use of resources in the seed industry and the lack of such concept as " the government creates environment and enterprises create fortune " are the deep - seated causes of the problems in guangxi ' s seed industry. therefore, the key points for promoting development of guangxi ' s seed industry under the wto framework are to focus on the promotion of the developing capability of seeds " integrated products, constantly deepen reforms, to adjust various relevant factors in the system of the seed industry which is inconsistent with each other, and to establish a new - pattern system with evident characteristics of the time spirit in order to meet the requirements of the market economy. hereinto, the specific strategies and measures for promotion of guangxi ' s seed industry development under the wto framework include kee ping up reform and innovation of the system of the seed industry, executing of non - nationalization reform in state - owned seed enterprises, formulating and executing relevant supporting policies, the improving the legal system in the seed industry, increasing public financial support on the seed industry, promoting the integration of cultivation, breeding and marketing, strengthening human resource development, developing the main body of the seed industry ' s market and making proper conditions for the functions of seed associations in the seed industry development etc

    研究結果認為：發展種子產業應該把著眼點放在促進種子整體產品的開發上；種子產業的發展依賴于能充分發揮整體功能的新型種業體系的構建，而目前廣西種業體系中的品種選育、種子生產加工、種子經營以及政府管理、公共支持和社會服務六個主要組成部分都存在明顯的缺陷與不足；廣西種子企業綜合競爭力總體處于較弱水平；面對wto ，廣西種子產業仍有諸多的不適應，突出表現在產業發展基礎薄弱、尚未形成可以公平競爭的種業市場、種子企業規模小、育繁銷脫節、種業人才素質不高、種子企業法律意識淡薄、國際市場運作經驗和國際貿易知識不足等多個方面，而體制不順、企業產權不明晰、缺乏促進種業資源合理流動的有效機制以及「政府創造環境，企業創造財富」的正確理念正是導致目前廣西種子產業不能適應入世需要的深層次原因；因此，以提升種子整體產品開發能力為核心，不斷深化改革，調整種業體系中不相協調的各有關因素，構建起符合市場經濟體制要求的具有鮮明時代特徵的新型種業體系，是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展必須堅持的指導思想；其中，加快種業體制改革和創新、實施對國有種子企業的非國有化改造、制訂落實有關扶持政策、完善種子法律法規體系、加大公共財政對種子產業的支持力度、推進育繁銷一體化的形成、加強人才培養與引進、壯大種業市場主體、實行重點突破戰略、發揮種子行業協會作用等等，都是wto框架下加快廣西種子產業發展應該採取的具體對策措施。
  4. This dissertation describes the present rusult of the theoretic researches on harbor & navigation economy system during the course of the constriction of international shipping center of shanghai. aimed at the research goal, combinational theory of competitive advantage is developed in this dissertation. which combines the theory of common competitive advantage combines the conglomerate economy, regional advantage and other concerned theories to analyze domino effect of finance, trade and economy caused by harbor & navigation industry in the center city ; the advantage theory of balanced game, which mainly studies how to achieve an effective result of balanced game among every parties, puts more emphasis on the research of collaboration and negotiation that have collective advantage to analyze the relationship between competition and collaboration among different harbor owners under different operating circumstances ; the advantage theory of the reciprocal d evelopment of the harbor and the ambient area is an important paresis, not only can it accomplish its own development goal but can also offer some developing opportunities for its counterparts and the two will endeavor together to construct the international shipping center

    本文在總結前人研究成果的基礎上，概述了上海國際航運中心建設中有關港航經濟系統的理論研究現狀，並針對本文的研究目標提出了競爭優勢組合理論，分別是一般競爭優勢理論? ?結合了集聚經濟、區位優勢等相關理論，以此來分析港航產業在金融、貿易、經濟中心城市的集聚經濟效應；均衡博弈的優勢理論? ?主要研究如何在各種利益團體之間達成一種有效的均衡博弈結果，側重於對合作博弈、協商機制等具備集體優勢的研究，以此來分析港口利益主體之間在不同經營環境下（民營化前後）的競協博弈關系；港區（港口與區域）互動發展的優勢理論? ?港口與區域的互動發展是國際航運中心建設的重要前提，雙方基於良性循環的共同發展在滿足自身發展目標的同時也為對方提供了發展機遇，並共同為國際航運中心的建設而作出努力。
  5. Therefore, a model of three sectors, respectively referring to domestic sector, manufacturing export sector and primary product export sector, has been established here to measure the technology spillover effects of export on domestic sector. finally, based on a broader framework, this dissertation went on to investigate the relationship between openness and china ' s economic growth, while the result shows that though there exists a notable dispute about how to measure the degree of china ' s openness, the index of trade dependence still maintains the better one to reflect china ' s economic openness. in the meanwhile, impulse response function ( irf ) method and forecasting errors variance decomposition ( fevd ) method, both of which are based on the vector auto - regression ( var ) system, are used here to investigate the dynamic relationship between openness and china ' s economic growth

    與傳統理論不同，新增長理論和新貿易理論都強調技術進步的作用，因此本文構建了一個三部門的技術外溢效應模型（國內部門、工業製成品出口部門以及初級產品出口部門） ，考察了工業製成品出口和初級產品出口對國內非出口部門不同的技術外溢效應；第四，從更加廣闊的視野就貿易開放度與中國經濟增長問題進行研究，有關貿易開放度如何度量一直是存在較大爭議的問題，本文首先對該類研究文獻進行了較為詳盡的述評，然後運用生產函數方法對所選取的5個貿易開放度度量指標進行了檢驗，結果發現盡管一些已有研究認為外貿依存度無法真實度量一國經濟開放水平，但是本文研究結果表明外貿依存度仍是度量我國貿易開放度的較好指標，進一步採用基於var系統的脈沖響應函數法以及預測誤差方法分解法對貿易開放促進經濟增長的作用進行了動態刻畫。
  6. Emissions trading : expanding and linking the growing number of emissions trading schemes around the world is a powerful way to promote cost - effective reductions in emissions and to bring forward action in developing countries : strong targets in rich countries could drive flows amounting to tens of billions of dollars each year to support the transition to low - carbon development paths

    碳排放貿易：擴大世界各地不斷出現的碳排放貿易體制並把他們聯系起來，是促進經濟有效的減排，促使發展中國家盡早行動的有利手段。如果對發達國家提出有力的目標，就可以促使成百億的資金年年不斷地流向對低碳發展道路的支持中去。
  7. The use of interest rates under these circumstances is a lot less likely than in less favourable circumstances to lead to exchange rate, price, financial market, trade and other effects that negate or even over - compensate the interest rate effects

    相反，若是條件不那麼理想，那麼在匯率物價金融市場貿易及其他方面可能會造成反響，以致抵消利率政策的原定作用，甚至造成反效果。
  8. Through forming a framework of domestic rate of cost, the thesis has analyzed the competitive advantages from three levels, resource allocation efficiency of fresh fruits, latent competitive advantages and protective level and distorting degree from the government firstly. then, the thesis post - analyzed and examined the comparative advantages of china ' s apple and orange with tsc and kca. it consider that apple, orange, pear in china gave higher competitive advantages but the competitive advantage of fruits is decreasing in general, mandarin orange and golden orange ' s export competitiveness is stronger while aurantium, lemon and bitter orange have no export competitiveness at all

    本文通過建立國內資源成本分析框架，應用國內資源成本分析法（ drc ） 、社會效益分析法（ nsp ） 、有效保護率法（ erp ） ，從幾種鮮果生產的資源配置效率，潛在的比較優勢和政策保護水平以及扭曲程度3個層面對中國蘋果和柑橘的比較優勢進行了事前分析;然後運用凈出口指標（貿易專門化系數， tsc ）分析法， 「顯性比較優勢系數」 （ rca ）分析法對中國蘋果和柑橘的比較優勢進行事後分析和檢驗。
  9. This means the review could be a damp squib. however, there were signs that the commission is working to meet other trade concerns

    這意味著評價並沒有達到預期效果。然而，有跡象表明委員會正在迎合某些其他的貿易關切。
  10. China should stipulate the effect of the transfer of bills clearly in her legislation for the purpose of providing clear guidance of law to the international trade and harmonizing with maritime law

    我國應對提單交付的法律效果做出明確的法律規定，以利於對國際貿易提供確定的法律指引，並與海商法相互照應。
  11. Where a contract has been validly concluded but does not expressly or implicitly fix or make provision for determining the price, the parties are considered, in the absence of any indication to the contrary, to have impliedly made reference to the price generally charged at the time of the conclusion of the contract for such goods sold under comparable circumstances in the trade concerned

    第五十五條如果合同已有效的訂立，但沒有明示或暗示地規定價格或規定如何確定價格，在沒有任何相反表示的情況下，雙方當事人應視為已默示地引用訂立合同時此種貨物在有關貿易的類似情況下銷售的通常價格。
  12. International cartel is one of the key issues which the trade and competition policy workgroup of wto recently voiced concern about, the formation and development of it do great harm to the effectiveness and the health operation of the world market, it also challenge the implement of the wto rules and multilateral negotiation outcomes, therefore, it arouses the concern of many countries and international organizations

    國際卡特爾是wto新議題貿易與競爭政策工作組所關注關鍵問題之一。國際卡特爾的形成與蔓延，對世界市場的健康、有效運行產生了巨大的危害，同時也對wto規則和多邊談判成果的實施形成挑戰，因而自然要引起了各個國家和國際機構的關注。
  13. But it isn ' t clear how effectively it can be carried out because the government has been struggling to enforce directives on an economy that is increasingly driven by private business

    但是現在要談它的效果如何還為時過早，因為政府正不遺餘力的發布經濟指令調整被私營貿易所驅動的經濟體。
  14. Upon any affirmative final determinations by commerce and usitc on critical circumstances, any anti - dumping duties would apply retroactively, 90 days earlier than they would have otherwise been imposed

    如果美國商務部和美國國際貿易委員會做出緊急狀態的肯定性最終裁決，該決定將具有追溯效力，即追溯至正常征稅期限之前90天。
  15. The paper also conducted cost and benefit analysis that indicates the protection cost is very much higher in ipr protection in agriculture in china as compared with other countries such as the us and other western countries, this is a very important restricting factor for the patent and pvp application in china. besides, the paper also discussed the possibilities of the unified system like pct and upov for ipr applications to minimize the cost of application and maintainence. with support of survey data and developed models, the papers conclude with the priority area for ipr protection in agriculture in order is as follows : pvp, patent, trade secret, and trade marks

    同時，在大量檢索和設計調查問卷的基礎上，對我國農業知識產權保護的成本和效益進行理論分析，在對比其他國家專利和新品種保護成本的基礎上，分析出我國申請農業知識產權保護的成本和被侵權后的司法訴訟成本過高，影響了我國農業知識產權的申請和保護；此外，文章還就建立類似專利合作條約（ pct ）性質的國際植物新品種保護公約，以期在多國專利同時申請方面實現帕累托最優原則進行了理論探討，在此基礎上，文章進一步對比分析實施農業知識產權保護規則對我國農業技術貿易特別是國外直接投資可能帶來的影響進行，結果表明，強化農業知識產權保護，發展中國家會增加農業技術和產品的進口，發展中的大國更是如此；文章在調查問卷的基礎上提出了我國農業知識產權方面存在的問題和今後農業知識產權保護的目標體系和優先領域，農業知識產權保護的優先順序依次為：新品種、專利、商業秘密、商標和原產地。
  16. Then, in terms of foreign trade and technology ， the paper reviews the achievements on the home country ’ s economic effects of foreign direct investment in theoretical field and demonstration analysis

    接著，從對外貿易和技術進步這兩個方面的入手，回顧了對外直接投資對母國的經濟效應的理論與實證成果。
  17. By econometric analysis, we find that domestic investment, economic growth, used effect of foreign capital and foreign trade are the long - run deteminative factors of rmb equilibrium exchange rate

    通過現代計量經濟分析發現，國內投資、經濟增長、利用外資效果和對外貿易狀況，是人民幣均衡實際匯率的長期決定因素。
  18. The standard turns the scientific management of the chinese woodworking machinery, economy is developed in an all - round way, increase economic efficiency, popularization of new technology and scientific findings, guarantee product quality, safeguard consumer s interests, dispel trade obstacle, promote international between exchange of technology and trade develop, improve products purpose in the world not to fight for ability, ensure people health and security play a great role

    標準化為中國木工機械的科學管理健康全面發展提高經濟效益新技術和科研成果的推廣保證產品質量維護消費者利益消除貿易障礙促進國際技術交流和貿易發展提高產品在國際上的意爭能力保障人民健康和安全起到重大作用。
  19. If one believes that the market allocates resources efficiently, then, especially in hong kongs environment of open markets for trade and capital, one should perhaps not worry unduly about such questions, provided that other financial or monetary indicators are not sounding alarm bells

    如果大家相信市場能有效分配資源，尤其在香港這個貿易及資本均保持對外開放的環境里，便不應過分擔心這類問題，除非其他金融或貨幣指標出現了警號則例外。
  20. In the whole tariff taxation policy ' s framework and in the point of the connotation, this article defines tep as : the measures to make best benefit of protection by optimizing tariff taxation structure, and it is also the measures to maximize to the value of " tariff tax policy function ", which contains several variables such as foreign investments, industry, import and export, tariff revenues, trade relations and so on

    本文認為關稅有效保護的內涵就是實現其政策目標的基本手段，即「在調整關稅水平時優化關稅結構」 。並在整個關稅政策框架內，從這一內涵出發，將「關稅有效保護」定義為「通過在調整關稅總體水平過程中優化關稅結構這一基本手段，實現關稅保護效果的最大化，也就是實現包括外商投資、產業、進出口貿易、關稅收入、國際經貿關系等變量在內的關稅目標函數值的最大化」 。
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