起壟機 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [qǐlǒngjī]
起壟機
英文
ridger-
Furrow - ridge - opener is the main working part of water - application - furrow seeder, the key requirement to the new design is the furrow opening, ridging, watering and fertilizing of soil completed at a time
起壟開溝器是灌水溝播機的主要工作部件，它需同時完成起壟、開溝、灌水、施肥等多項工作。With the trend of openness and integration of globlal economy, exchange rate is playing more and more important role in influencing the allocation of global resources. the sensitivity of the price of tradale goods to exchange rate fluctuation becomes the focus of international economics because it is a critical vector and transmitter when an economy is confronted of exogenous impact. traditional international economics theory assume that nominal exchange rate fluctuation has complete pass - through effect, namely it ’ s change will introduce proportional change of tradable goods, then it will influence such macroeconomic vector as term of trade, import and export, inflation, employment, productivity, income allocation, and so on. from a microeconomic angle, including pricing to market, innovative behavior, menu cost and sunk cost, the paper probe into the pricing model of international enterprices under floating exchange rate and testify the incomplete pass - through of exchange rate and it ’ s detailed reason, then discuss the inspiration it has on china. it ’ s believable this kind of research will play a big part in china ’ s exchange rate scheme and some macroeconomic problems such as exchange rate tranmitting channel and effects, exchange rate fluctuating behavior
傳統的國際經濟學理論認為，名義匯率的波動具有完全的傳遞性（ completepass - through ） ，即它的變化會引起同比例的進出口貿易品相對價格以及貿易品和非貿易品相對價格的變化，然後通過需求變動的支出轉移效應（ expenditureswitching ）來影響國內經濟的諸多宏觀變量，如貿易條件、進出口貿易額、通脹水平、就業量、勞動生產率以及收入分配等，本文從依市定價（ pricingtomarket ） 、創新行為、菜單成本以及沉澱成本等四個不同的微觀角度，通過對浮動匯率下國際壟斷競爭性生產廠商的定價模型具體而透徹的探討，論證了匯率的不完全傳遞性並深入分析了決定匯率傳遞彈性的重要影響因素，闡述了該理論對人民幣匯率的啟示，這樣的研究會對我國今後的匯率政策以及匯率的傳導機制、傳導效應、波動行為等宏觀經濟問題起到重要的作用。During this time, researches on big business almost developed along two roads : one is the theory of industrial organization in western economics, which focuses on applying " structure - conduct - performance " mode to studying the formation and development of big business ; the other is the theory of capital concentration in marxism, which profoundly analyzes that in competition the motivation of pursuing surplus value drives enterprises to expand, and finally the general rule that competition results in concentration which further results in monopolistic large firms is drawn
這期間，對大企業的研究基本上是沿著兩個理論範式發展的。一個是西方經濟學中的產業組織理論，偏向于應用市場結構-行為-績效的分析範式來研究大企業的形成和發展特點；另一個是馬克思主義經濟學中的資本集中理論，深刻分析了在競爭條件下，追逐剩餘價值是刺激企業不斷擴張的動力機制，從而進一步揭示出競爭引起生產和資本的集中，集中又將導致壟斷大企業產生的一般規律。The present system softwares in the domestic are basically cornered by oversea softwares, so national software industry is encounter with great diffculty and it is diffcult to ensure our country ' s information safety. the emergence of the linux operating system doubtless makes us start from a high originating point, creating enormous chances for our country " s development of system softwares
我國目前的系統軟體基本上被國外軟體所壟斷，民族軟體產業發展面臨著巨大的困難，國家信息安全難以保證， linux操作系統的出現無疑使我們可以從高起點起步，為我國發展系統軟體創造了巨大的機會。But development of the origin in social economic technology and deepening studying to the expressway, until developed country relax government control, lead rise of tide of competition mechanism into to public utilities since the will it be the seventies the 20th century, the properties of the natural monopoly of the expressway receive people ' s extensive query, requirement and improve the voice of controlling the mechanism of the expressway and grow to even greater heights
但是根源於社會經濟技術的發展和對高速公路研究的深入，隨著20世紀70年代以來發達國家對公用事業放鬆政府管制、引入競爭機制之浪潮的興起，高速公路的自然壟斷的性質受到人們廣泛的質疑、要求變革高速公路的管制機制的呼聲日益高漲。Machinery and equipment manufacturing there are 110 - odd machine tool, light industry machine, and crane equipment enterprises, which basically monopolize the domestic market of medium and small tonnage crane equipment ( below 50t ) and the components
機械裝備製造行業現有機床、輕工機械和起重設備生產企業110餘家，基本壟斷了全國中小噸位（ 50噸以下）起重機及其配件市場。First, it leads to unproductive collocation of resources, covering direct investments and the relevant opportunity cost ; second, the rent - seeking part can establish monopolistic status if the deal succeed, which will then causes damage to social benefits and brings x - inefficiency ; what ' s more, rent seeking of firms leads to consumers " rent avoiding, and consequently, the firms will set to seek rent in a second circle just in order to protect their monopolistic status already established, circle by circle, the multiplying - effect will surely cause serious waste of social resources
首先，租金交易導致資源的非生產性配置，這不僅包括尋租過程中資源的直接耗費，而且包括這些資源的機會成本;其次，租金交易成功，尋租人得以建立壟斷地位，壟斷進而引起社會福利損失和x非效率;再次，企業尋租引發消費者的避租行為，然後，企業將為維護壟斷地位開始新一輪的尋租活動，如此循環往復，這種乘數效應必然導致社會資源的嚴重浪費The patent has monopolizing and corner the market potential economic development advantage ; the new technological products occupy the market space, as everyone knows real estate trend rise unexpectedly, having driven relevant industries to develop in step, it can affirm its prospect and infinite business opportunity
專利具有獨占性，壟斷現有市場潛力經濟發展優勢，新技術產品占據市場空間，眾所周知房地產崛起趨勢，帶動了相關產業同步發展，可以肯定其前景，無限商機。With the development of our market economy, the rise of the third sector and the character of public services themselves, it is possible to introduce the competition mechanism into the public services. in fact, the public services function pattern of our government is changing. the old monopoly pattern by the government is broken gradually and the new competition pattern is in practice or in probe
隨著我國市場經濟的發展，第三部門的興起以及公共服務本身的特性，這一切都使得政府公共服務中引入競爭機製成為可能。事實上，我國政府公共服務職能模式正在發生轉變，傳統的政府壟斷模式正逐漸在打破，市場競爭模式正在逐步實踐和探索中。Internet as well as the embedded system is common now. the application of these two techniques in modern measurement & control field makes the techniques of measurement control system and the network fused well. it can not only break the attempt of monopoly from abroad manufactories, but also decrease the cost of research new products and the construction of the system
Internet以及嵌入式系統是目前最為常用的，將它們應用於現代化智能測試領域，使測控系統的現場技術與計算機網路的主流技術很好地融合起來，不但可以打破國外廠商的壟斷企圖，而且還可共享規模經濟的效益，大大降低產品開發和系統組建的成本。分享友人