超國家 的英文怎麼說
中文拼音 [chāoguójiā]
超國家
英文
supra-national-
This dissertation aims to probe into the institutional changes and institutional clashes between the enlarging european union and the central & eastern european countries ( ceecs ), as well as to construct a tentative theoretical innovation to account for institutional interactions between them. supported by political neo - institutionalism and borrowing institutional concepts from nobel prize - winner douglas north, the dissertation is set against a background of the dual process of institutional expansion by the eu and active institutional convergence on the ceecs " own accords. starting from the positive and negative impacts triggered by eu enlargement on both the eu ' s and the ceecs " political, governance and economic institutions, the dissertation carries out a systematic study of the partial adjustments and comprehensive reforms on the part of the eu, as well as of the europeanized transformation of the domestic institutions in the accession countries
本文以新制度主義政治學為理論支點，以歐盟通過東擴實現制度擴張及中東歐向歐盟制度主動趨同的進程為背景，以東擴引發的制度變遷和制度對撞為研究對象，從分析考察東擴進程對于雙方政治權力制度和經濟治理制度的雙向沖擊及正負面影響入手，系統研究了歐盟東擴引發的歐盟制度局部調整與全面改革、及中東歐新成員國國內制度的歐洲化轉軌之雙重進程，分析總結出東擴制度互動的規律、模式與渠道，並在此基礎上構築了一種解釋轉型國家與超國家機構之間制度互動的實驗性理論模型「錮囚鋒理論」 ，從理論高度上對現實規律進行歸納。Federalism - functionalism - neo - functionalism and supernational governance constitute the main logical thread of supernational dimension
第三部分主要論述了歐洲一體化超國家向度的現實困境。According to its undulating state in its development, supernational dimension can be divided into three stages - - - - - starting and quickly developing stage, lingeringly developing stage and picking up and placidly developing stage
超國家向度按其發展的起伏狀態可以劃分為啟動與迅速發展、低緩發展、回升與平緩發展三個階段。The making of supernational dimension has various kinds of reasons, such as the alienationablility of state sovereign, necessity and possibility and the systematical factors that play functions of norm and maintaining on state sovereign
超國家向度的形成又有其形成的各種原因：國家主權行使權的可讓渡性、必要性和可能性以及對其起規范和維系作用的制度因素。There are four main parts in this article. the first part mainly states the author ' s understanding of the connotation of supernational dimension, division of the stages of supernational dimension and analysis of the forming reason of the supernational dimension
本文主要分為四部分：第一部分主要論述筆者對超國家向度內涵的理解、對超國家向度階段的劃分以及對超國家向度形成的歸因分析。Part two focuses on the explanation and statement to the supernational dimension theory of european integration from a vertical angle and on the brief investigation of another possible form - - - - - way of regional transnational union - - - - - - of supernational dimension from a horizontal angle
第二部分主要從縱向角度對歐洲一體化超國家向度的理論做出闡釋與評述，並從橫向角度簡要考察超國家向度的另一種可能形式? ?區域跨國聯合道路。On the basis of carrying on the achievements of predecessors " researcher and reading thoroughly the chinese and foreign works about the european integration theory, the author makes theoretical carding and evaluation on the supernational developing phenomenon on european integration from a vertical angle, taking the " supernational dimension " development of european integration as the analyzing parallel and the " intergovernmental dimension " development of european integration as the analyzing comparative reference. thus, the author comes to a conclusion on the positive effects and real trouble of the supernational dimension development of european integration and its vital enlightenment for other regional integration, so as to give a more direct and more logically clear annotation on the european integration, which will enrich our country ' s research on european integration
筆者在繼承前人的研究成果和詳細閱讀有關歐洲一體化理論著作的基礎上，嘗試以歐洲一體化的「超國家向度」發展為分析緯線，以歐洲一體化的「政府間向度」發展為分析的對比參照物，從縱向角度對歐洲一體化超國家發展現象做出理論梳理與評析，歸納出歐洲一體化超國家向度發展的積極成效、現實困境以及這種發展方式對其它區域一體化的重要啟示，以期對歐洲一體化的發展做出更直觀、脈絡化更清晰的一種詮釋，豐富我國對歐洲一體化的研究。In this theoretical logic, federalism lays special emphasis on the analysis of the final results of supernational dimension, while functionalism breaks the once stagnating situation of european integration. also, neo - functionalism, on the basis of developing what is useful and discarding what is not of federalism and functionalism, makes fusion of these two
同時，筆者以為歐洲一體化的超國家向度存在並在一定的歷史時期內有所突破，但由於歐洲一體化現實困境對超國家向度發展的諸種限制，致使它目前被融匯到歐洲一體化的變化、調整和諸多推動力之中。Supernational dimension not only means a kind of integratively continuing state and developing trend, which take the supernational authority mechanism that was built by the european countries after world war two as the federal aim and the authority alienation as the means, but also means a reasonable analytical view of angle
超國家向度不僅是指歐洲國家在二戰后以建立擁有超國家權威機制的歐洲聯邦為目標、以主權讓渡為手段的一體化的一種持續狀態和發展趨向，而且也是一種合理的分析視角。True federalists actually saw the treaty of rome as a move away from the building of a european superstate that they had hoped would develop from the european coal and steel community, set up in 1951
忠實的聯邦主義者親眼見證了， 1951年成立的歐洲鋼鐵共同體演變成了《羅馬條約》 ，條約的訂立朝建立他們所期望的超國家的歐洲政府邁出了一步。Supra - national combinations
超國家組合The eu law, neither traditional international law nor national law, has the character of the supranational law
歐盟法具有「超國家法」的特點，不是傳統意義上的國際法，也不是國家法。The european parliament has been evolving from a common assembly to a supranational parliament but with limited powers
歐洲議會由一個?壇大會逐漸演化成一個超國家型態但是權?受限的議會。The european union is a unique entity comprising a specially designed mix of intergovernmental and supranational institutions
歐盟是一個獨特的實體，由政府間組織和超國家組織經過特殊組織而形成。Supranational intervention in economic is natural expansion and certainty of historical development under the background of economic globalization
摘要超國家干預經濟，是在經濟全球化日益發展的背景下國家干預經濟的自然延伸，是歷史發展的必然。Efforts towards the international unification of law have hitherto essentially taken the form of binding instruments, such as supranational legislation or international conventions, or of model laws
向國際統一法方面的努力迄今為止基本上是採取有約束力的法律文件形式，例如超國家立法國際公約，或是採用示範法的形式。Many of the initial public offerings through the stock exchange are also made global. the majority of these issuers are supranational bodies, whose issues are almost invariably accompanied by global fund raising
在香港交易所進行的首次公開招股，不少亦在全球發行，而發行人大多是超國家組織，招股行動一般都進行全球性集資。Citing the national separatism of the former yugoslavia as an example, the chapter aims at the illustrating the point that spreading widely in the world after the cold war, national separatism has become the main manifestation of global nationalism in the political area. the chapter also provides a thorough analysis of pan - turkism with the purpose of illustrating the situation of interwoven " separations " and " unifications " in political regards as the result of pan - nationalism gaining prominence in political nationalism after the cold war and how such situation has brought instability to the international community. in the context of economic globalization, global nationalism presents in the economic fields not only ultra - national and ultra - state communication and cooperation but also competition, confrontation and conflicts between nations and states
以前南斯拉夫民族分離主義為例，說明民族分離主義在冷戰后蔓延於世界各地並成為世界民族主義在政治領域中表現出來的主流；以泛突厥主義為例，說明泛民族主義在冷戰后政治民族主義中凸顯出來，構成了冷戰后政治民族主義「分」 、 「聚」相互交織的景象，從而對國際社會帶來的不穩定因素；在經濟全球化的背景下，世界民族主義在經濟領域內既有超國家、超民族間的交往與合作，也有民族國家之間的競爭、摩擦、矛盾和沖突;冷戰後文化民族主義在不同發展程度的國家表現形式不同所產生的影響也不同，出現了「防衛性」的文化民族主義和「殖民性」的文化民族主義。In the circumstances of weak national power and few exterior economic sources at that time, the government cannot help but drawing funds from the countryside and constructing a registered permanent residence system and a uniform purchase and sale system, which built a " barrier " between the residents of the city and the countryside and strictly prevented the superfluous labour force in the countryside from flowing to the city
新中國成立之初，為了實現經濟上的趕超，國家選擇了優先發展重工業。在當時國力脆弱、外部經濟來源有限的情況下，國家不得不選擇從農村吸取資金，通過戶籍制度、統購統銷制度等構築起城鄉壁壘，城鄉分離的社會保障制度是其中的內容之一。農村剩餘勞動力的流動被嚴格限制。So we should pay more attention to the eu trade policy system and go deep into the research. as a partly " super - state " regional community, eu ' s trade policy system is different from that of wto and a single state
歐盟貿易政策體系既不完全同於wt0的貿易政策體系，有其個體差異性；而其作為具有部分「超國家」性質的區域貿易集團，與單個國家的貿易政策體系也有顯著的不同之處。分享友人